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Emperor
Napoleon Bonaparte
to
the Congress of
Vienna
Basics 4 Vocab
Three estates – France’s 3 social classes: the clergy (1st),
the nobility (2nd), and everyone else (3rd)
Bourgeoisie – the middle class and highest level of the 3rd
estate
Estates-General – France’s legislative, law-making, body
in which each estate had one vote
National Assembly – Revolutionary legislature formed
when the 1st & 2nd estates locked the 3rd estate out of the
Estates-General
Tennis Court Oath – Oath taken by the National Assembly
to not leave until there was a new French Constitution
More Basics 4 Vocab
Bastille – Parisian prison that was destroyed July 14th 1789
as crowds searched for weapons and gunpowder to protect
themselves from the French Army
Sans-culottes – working class revolutionaries who pushed
for a republic and wanted to end the monarchy
Jacobins – middle class lawyers and intellectuals who were
in favor of a republic
Émigré – clergy and nobles who fled France and
revolutionaries with tales of mob violence that frightened
many European monarchs
Last slide of Basics 4 Vocab
Suffrage – the right to vote
Robespierre – leader of the Committee of Public
Safety, a Jacobin, he took control of the French
Revolution and began the Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror – September 1793 – July 1794
which tried about 300,000 individuals and executed
17,000 “enemies of the revolution”
Nationalism – feelings of pride and love for one’s
country
Area of Concern Description of decision
France
Poland
Saxony
German Confederacy
Lowlands
Italy
Finland
French and Dutch Colonies
Slave Trade
Holy Alliance
What else??
Napoleon a Rising Star
1795-At 25
– hero of the Republic of France
1796-At 26
– “the General” led victories over enemy forces
1799-At 30
– control of France’s Military
– coup d’etat (blow of state)
• Used his troops and influence to take over the government of France
A leader at last…
Coup led to a victory over anti-French
powers
– Britain, Austria and Russia
1800- vote of the people (plebiscite)
– all real power given to Napoleon
• vote overwhelmingly in favor of Napoleon
Stability and Order
Napoleon wanted:
– Strong central government
– Strong Economy
1. Equality in Taxation
2. Effective tax-collection
3. National Bank
– End of Corruption
• Wanted to keep some of the same changes that were made during the Revolution
Napoleonic Code
Code of Laws
– Would end many injustices
– promoted order
But…
– Women lost many rights
– Freedom of Press and Speech limited
– Restored slavery in the French colonies
Emperor
Napoleon crowns himself and wife-
December 2nd 1804
Colonies started to revolt
Revolutionary ideas start to spread around
the world
– Reached the people of St. Domingue (Haiti)
• Demanded that they be given the same freedoms as
the French people
– What other “colonial” event does this sound like?
• They were denied and civil war erupted
– Slaves under Toussaint L’Ouverture led a rebellion and
seized the colony!
Continued…
Napoleon decides to back out of the
Americas
– Sells Louisiana Territory
• $15 million to President Jefferson and the
US
– What did he gain?
• Money to conquer Europe
• Punishment for the British
Napoleon starts to lose power
Battle of Trafalgar
– British fleet separates the French
• French CANNOT defeat the British, now what?
Does not have an heir
– Divorces his wife, marries into the Austrian family to create an alliance
• Napoleon II is born
Continental System
– Tries to starve out the British
Russia
The BIG mistake: Who?
The BIG mistake: What?
Napoleon attacks the only
rival left on the mainland of
Europe
The BIG mistake: HOW?
Over
600,000
men!
The BIG mistake: Russia retaliates!
Why is this effective?
The BIG mistake: What is
Napoleon’s next move?
Wait in Moscow for
the Russians to
surrender
Do they??
NO! Napoleon is defeated!
Running low on
supplies
Soldiers start
dying
What happens after?
Napoleon withdrawals his army
– 600,000 to start
– 28,000 at the end of the attack!!
Napoleon
– Leaves his army
– Attempts to rebuild in France
– Other European powers unite to defeat him in
1813
Exile—Return—Exile
Exiled to the small island of
Elba (Italy)
– Why not just kill him?
Napoleon escapes and for 100
days returns to be Emperor of
France but is defeated at
Waterloo (1815)
– Monarchy temporary restored,
people fear “the old days”
Re-exiled to St.
Helena (South
Atlantic)
Died in 1821 of
a stomach ailment
Peace—Congress of Vienna
The five “great” powers of Europe
– Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain and France (under a new King)
– How to deal with Europe after Napoleon’s Empire is dismantled?
The two big goals:
1. Return the royal families to their
rightful thrones
– Any democratic movement was a threat!
2. Prevent another war—Balance of
Power
– If one power attacks another the rest will
join against the attacker
Nationalism
Devotion and loyalty to a nation
Why is nationalism
considered a side effect of
the French Revolution,
Napoleon’s rule, and the
Congress of Vienna?
Hero Tyrant
Add a 1 paragraph summary to the end of
your notes!
Area of Concern Description of decision
France
Poland
Saxony
German Confederacy
Lowlands
Italy
Finland
French and Dutch Colonies
Slave Trade
Holy Alliance
What else??
