Returning TestsReturning Tests• Double check my math • Let me know if I missed any bonus points you

earned

• DO NOT throw your test away• Your midterm will be made up of the exact same

questions

Making Up PointsMaking Up Points• If you wish to regain credit for missed questions

on your exam you must: o Rewrite or retype the questions you missed on a loose-leaf

piece of paper with the correct answer o Must be turned in at the beginning of next class in hand

• For example: o Question: What is a faction? o Correct answer: a coalition of like-minded people

Warm UpWarm Up• What is an amendment?

• Why do we have amendments?

• How many amendments do we have?

• What are our first 10 Amendments?

Chapter 6 Chapter 6 The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

6.1 Adding the Bill of 6.1 Adding the Bill of RightsRights

• Tradition of a Bill of Rightso Magna Carta- 1215o English Bill of Rights-

1689 o List of rights given to

the people by the government which they cannot take away

6.1 Adding the Bill of 6.1 Adding the Bill of RightsRights

• Amendments- changes/additions to our Constitution which allow our government to adapt over time

• The list of Amendments to our Constitution can be found at the end of the Constitution o Page 148

• Over the 220 years that the Constitution has been in power there has been 27 Amendments added to the Constitution

6.1 Adding the Bill of 6.1 Adding the Bill of RightsRights

• The Amendment Process- a difficult 2-step process that requires a proposal at the national level and ratification (approval) at the state level

• A Proposal can happen 1 of 2 ways: o 1. Proposed by Congress with support of 2/3 of both houses

• ***All 27 Amendments have happened this way*** o 2. Proposed by a National Convention called by 2/3 of state legislatures

• ***This has never happened***

• Ratification can happen 1 of 2 ways:o 1. Approved by ¾ of all state legislatures

• ***This has been the case for 26 Amendments***o 2. Approved by ¾ of special state conventions

• ***This has happened for 1 Amendment***

Amendment ProcessAmendment Process

Amendment ProcessAmendment Process

6.1 Adding the Bill of 6.1 Adding the Bill of RightsRights

• The United States’ Bill of Rights is our Constitution’s First 10 Amendments

• The First 10 Amendments were written as a compromise between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists o Federalists promised to add a Bill of Rights if the

Constitution was ratified

11/8 Warm Up11/8 Warm Up• What is a right?

• What are the 3 categories that we divide the Bill of Rights into?

• What are 3 of the personal freedoms you have guaranteed to you by the Bill of Rights?

6.2 Adding the Bill of 6.2 Adding the Bill of RightsRights

• Right- protection that a citizen has against the government o 3 Categories in our Bill of Rights:

• 1. Individual freedoms• 2. Protections against government abuse of power• 3. Rights of citizens accused of crimes

6.2 Bill of Rights6.2 Bill of Rights• 1st Amendment- Individual Freedoms

o Freedom of Religiono Establishment Clause- separation of church

and stateo Freedom of Speech

• Speak and write. Including symbolic speecho Freedom of the Press

• Papers and TV stations may publicize whatever they want

o Freedom of Assembly• Protests or picketing

o Freedom of Petition • Letters, emails, phone calls to Politicians

6.2 Bill of Rights6.2 Bill of Rights• 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Amendment-

Protections Against Government Abuse of Powero 2nd- Right to Bear Arms

• Militia and the right to defend themselveso 3rd- Quartering

• Military cannot use your house to sleep soldiers o 4th- Search and Seizure

• Government/Police cannot search your property without warrant or probable cause

o 5th- Eminent Domain• Government may take your property for public use

(Ohio River Bridges). Government must pay appropriate price however

6.2 Bill of Rights6.2 Bill of Rights• 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th- Protections of those

Accused of Crimes aka Due Processo 5th Amendment

• Right to Silence, a person must be accused by a jury, and Double Jeopardy

o 6th Amendment• Speedy Trial, Public Trial, Trial by Jury, Right to a

lawyer, Habeas Corpus, and a person must know what they are accused of

o 7th Amendment• Permits a trial by jury as long as value in dispute

exceeds $20o 8th Amendment

• Fair treatment to those being held- bails, cruel and unusual punishment

6.2 Bill of Rights6.2 Bill of Rights• 9th Amendment

o Citizen’s rights are not limited to the above amendments

• 10th Amendment- Reserved Powerso The states have all powers not listed in the Constitution

On a blank sheet of On a blank sheet of paper with a partnerpaper with a partner

• Research a Supreme Court Case from the list below: and answer the following questions:

• 1. Name of the Case and the Year• 2. What Amendment is involved and how is that Amendment is

involved• 3. Explain the issue or the situation. Why is there a case going on?• 4. What are BOTH sides of the argument. What do both sides use

as a defense/argument? • 5. How did the Supreme Court rule? What was the number of

justices for and against? Which side did they support and how did they justify their ruling?

• 6. Do you agree with this ruling? Why or why not?• 7. Do you think this ruling gives you more or less freedom? (AKA

does it restrict your freedoms or extend your freedoms?)

Supreme Court Case Supreme Court Case OptionsOptions

• Collins v. Smith• Employment Division v. Smith• Schenck v, US• Texas v. Johnson• Near v. Minnesota• New York Times v. Sullivan• McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky• Miranda v. Arizona• Gideon v. Wainwright• Korematsu v. US• Roe v. Wade• Paul Jennings Hill Trial

13-1513-15thth Amendment Amendment• 13th Amendment-

o Freed all slaves

• 14th Amendment-o Guaranteed equal rights to all citizens under the law

• 15th Amendment-o Allowed all male citizens the right to vote

6.1 Adding the Bill of 6.1 Adding the Bill of RightsRights

1. Why is the Amendment process so difficult? 2. What is the difference between a National

Convention and Congress? 3. What is the difference between State

Legislatures and State Conventions? 4. What is the only Amendment to be ratified in

state conventions instead of state legislatures? 5. Why was this Amendment Ratified in this way? 6. Draw a Graphic Organizer representing the

Amendment Process

Important Supreme Court Important Supreme Court

Cases involving the Bill of Cases involving the Bill of

RightsRights

• Engel v. Vitale• Lemon v. Kurtzman• Employment Division

v. Smith• Near v. Minnesota • New York Times v. US • Collins v. Smith• NAACP v. Alabama • Paul Jennings Hill

oWhat was his argument?

• Mapp v. Ohio• Schenck v. United

States• Miller v. California • Erznoznik v.

Jacksonville • Texas v. Johnson• McCleskey v. Kemp• Jacobson v. US • US v. Montoya de

Hernandez

Choose 2 cases and answer the questions