Resistance to Absolutism

Resistance Theory Is there room to resist an king given that

position by God? Aristotle (384-322 BCE) Augustine (354-430 CE) Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274 CE) John Milton (1608-1674)

The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649)

John Milton (1649)

The Failure of Absolutism in England

Heir to the Budding EmpireElizabeth I (d. 1603)

James I of England (r. 1603-1625)

James I of England (r. 1603-1625)True Law of Free Monarchies (1579)Gunpowder Plot

Guy Fawkes (5 November 1605)

Imposed taxes to deal with the debt (that he himself had incurred) but did not call parliament

The Gunpowder Plot

Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649)Married Henrietta Maria, daughter of King

Henry IV of Francerefused to call ParliamentEngaged in war with Scotland

Over imposition of English Book of Common Prayer

Civil War 1642-1648 Puritans

Tried for “waging war on parliament” 1649 Executed for treason January 1649

The Execution of Charles I (1649)

Execution Order of Charles IEnglish Civl War in Song

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658, September)De facto control of England after Charles death

though Parliament continued to meetLed army to fight in Ireland, which had

supported CharlesBecomes Lord Protector

Makes position hereditary

Cromwell’s End after Death…

The Glorious Revolution James II (1685-1688)

Catholic Placed Catholics in positions of authority in spite

of Test Acts (1673)

Parliament responds Invitation issued to William and Mary of Orange to

“invade” England James II flees to France Institution of constitutional monarchy