Report in Microbiology; Respiratory Sys

8/12/2019 Report in Microbiology; Respiratory Sys

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Disease Signs and

Symptom

s

Pathogen/Ca

usative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Transmissio

n

Laborat

ory

Diagnos

is

Patient

Care

Acute

Viral

Rhinitis/

AcuteCoryza

(commo

n cold)

Coryza,

sneezing,

runny

eyes, sorethroat,

chills and

malai

Rhinoviruses,

coronaviruses

,

parainfluenzaviruses,

respiratory

syncytial

virus (RSV),

influenzaviruses,

adenoviruses,

enteroviruses

Infected

humans;tra

nsmitted via

respiratorysecretions

by way of

hands and

fomites or

directcontact with

or

inhalation

of airbornedro lets

Cell-

culture

techniq

ue

Use

Droplet

Precaution

s forhospitalize

d patients.


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A representation of the molecular

surface of one variant of

human rhinovirus.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinovirus


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Disease Signs

and

Symp-

toms

Pathogen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs

/Mode of

Trans-

mission

Laboratory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Acute,

Febrile,

Viral

Respirat

ory

Disease

Chills,h

eadach

e,gener

al

aching,

malaise

,

anorexi

a, GIdisturb

ances

parainfluen

za viruses,

respiratory

syncytial

virus (RSV),

adenovirus,

rhinoviruse

s, certain

coronaviruses,

coxsackievir

uses,echovi

ruses

Infected

humans;tr

ansmissio

n direct

oral

contact or

by

droplet;in

directlyvia

fomites

and fecal-

oral route

Isolation of

the etiologic

agent from

respiratory

secretions

using cell

cultures;imm

unodiagnosti

c andmolecular

procedures

available

Use

Standard

Precautions

for adult

patients;

add

Ccontact

Precautions

for infantsand young

children


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Disease Signs and

Symp-

toms

Pathogen

/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs

/Mode of

Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagno-

sis

Patient

Care

Hantavirus

Pulmonary

Syndrome

Fever,

myalgias(

muscular

pain), GI

complaints, cough,

difficulty

breathing,

hypotension

Hantaviru

s(Sin

Nombre,

Bayou,

BlackCreek

Canal,

New York-

1,Mononga

hela)

rodents,;

transmissio

n is

viainhalati

on ofaerosolized

rodent

feces,

urine, andsaliva

Immuno

diagnosti

c and

molecula

rprocedur

es and by

cell

culture

Use

Standard

Precautions

for

hospitalizedpatients


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10/43

Disease Signs and

Symp-

toms

Pathogen

/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs

/Mode of

Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Influenza

(Flu)

Fever,

chills,

headache

s, pain

throughout the

body, sore

throat,

cough,nasal

drainage;

nausea

and

vomiting

Influenza

viruses

types A,

B,

C;single-stranded

RNA

viruses in

the familyOrthomyx

oviruses

Infected

humans

are

primary

reservoir;pigs and

birds;

transmissio

n occursvia

airborne

spread and

direct

contact

By

isolation of

influenza

virusfrom

pharyngealor nasal

secretions

or washing

using cellstructure

tech-

niques

Droplet

Precau-

tions


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Disease Signs

and

Symp-

toms

Patho-

gen/

Causa-

tive

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Avian

In-

fluenza

(Birdflu)

Fever,

cough,

sore

throat,and

muscle

aches

Avian In-

fluenza

virus

type A:H5, H7,

H9

Infected wild and

domesticated

birds; bird-to-

humantransmission

occurs via contact

with infected

poultry or surfacesthat have been

contaminated

with excretions

from infected

birds

Molecular

diagnostic

proce-

dures orcell

culture

Use

Droplet

Precau-

tions


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Disease Signs and

Symp-

toms

Patho-

gen/

Causativ

e Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Transmission

Labora-

tory

Diagno-

sis

Patient

Care

Severe

Acute

Respira-

tory Syn-

drome(SARS)

High

fever,

chills,

headache

, ageneral

feeling of

discom-

fort, bodyaches and

some-

times

diarrhea

SARS-

associa-

ted

corona

virus(SARS-

CoV)

Infected

persons;trans

mission

occurs by

respiratorydroplets or by

touching the

mouth, nose

or eye aftertouching a

contaminated

surface or

object

Immuno

diagnos-

tic or

molecu-

lardiagnos-

tic proce-

dures or

cellculture

Use

Standard,

Airborne,

Droplet,

and ContactPrecautuio

ns;use N95

or higher

respiratoryprotection

and eye

protection


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h / b


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Disease Signs and

Symptoms

Patho-

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Pneumo

-nia

Fever,

productive

cough,acut

e chestpain, chills,

shortness

of breath

Gram-

positive or

gram-

negativebacteria,

mycoplasm

as,

chlamydias, viruses,

fungi,

protozoa

Infected

humans,

infected

psittacinebirds, soil

and bird

droppings,

transmission by

droplet

inhalation,

direct oral

contact

Sputum

specimen

sent to

themicrobiolo

gy lab. For

culture

andsensistivit

y (C&S)

Use

standard

precuatio

ns,Droplet

and /or

contact

precautions


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Di Si d P th R i / L b P ti t


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Diseas

e

Signs and

Symptoms

Patho-

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Strepto

coccal

Pha-

ryngitis

(Strep

throat)

Soreness,

chills, fever,

headache, a

beefy red

throat, white

patches of

pus on

pharyngial

epitheliumenlarged

tonsils,

enlarged

cervical

lymph nodes

Streptoco

ccus

pyogenes

aka group

A

Streptoco

ccus, GAS

or Strep.

A

Infected

humans,

transmission

via human-

to-human

direct

contact,

aerosol

droplets,secretions

from

patients and

nasal

carriers

Rapid

Strep

Tests, or

throat

culture

and

bacitracin

suscep-

tibility

Use

precautio

n droplet

for

infants


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Di Si d P th R i / L b P ti t


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Disease Signs and

Symptoms

Patho-

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Legione

llosis

(Legion

naires

Disease,Pontiac

Fever

Anorexia,

malaise,

myalgia,

headache,

high fever,chills, and

dry cough

followed by

aproductive

cough,

shortness

of breath,

diarrhea

Legionella

pneomophi

la

Environmen

tal water

sources, AC

system,

spa, hottubs, tap

water,

fountains,

dust,transmissio

n via

aerosol of

Legionella

spp.

Sputum

and blood

specimens

sent to

themicrobiolo

gy lab for

C&S;

immunodiagnostic

procedure

s, such as

antigen

detection

Use

standard

precautio

ns


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Diseasco Signs and Patho Reservoirs/ Labora Patient


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Diseasco

ugh,

sore

troat,

chest e

Signs and

Symptoms

Patho-

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Labora-

tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Mycopla

smal

Pneumo

nia(Primary

Atypical

Pneumo

nia)

Headache,

malaise,

dry cough,

sorethroat,

chest

discomfort

Mycoplas

ma

pneumonia

e

Infected

humans;

trasmission

via dropletinhalation

or direct

contact

withinfected

person or

contaminat

ed articles

Demonstr

ation of a

rise in

antibodytiter

between

acute and

convalescent sera

Use

droplet

precautio

ns


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Cross section of lung tissue

with Mycoplasma pneumonia

abscesses.

Disease Signs and Patho Reservoirs/ Laborator Patient


27/43

Disease Signs and

Symptoms

Patho-

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Laborator

y

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Tubercul

osis (TB)

Malaise,

fever, night

sweats,

weight loss

and

productive

cough,

shortness

of breath,chest pain,

hemoptysi

s, and

hoarseness

Mycobacte

rium

tuberculosi

s complex

Infected

humans,

infected

mammals;

transmissio

n via

airborne

droplets,

directcontact

with

infected

individuals

Acid-fast

bacilli

(AFB),

susceptibil

ity testing,

PPD

tuberculin

skin test

Airborne

precautio

ns for

pulmonar

y or

laryngeal

disease,

Standard

precautions for

extrapulm

onary or

meningial

TB


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Disease Signs and Patho Reservoirs Laboratory Patient


30/43

Disease Signs and

Symptoms

Patho-

gen/

Causativ

e Agent

Reservoirs

/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Laboratory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Whoppi

ng

cough

(Pertusis)

FIRST

STAGE:

mild,

coldlikesymptoms

SECOND

STAGE:

severe

uncontrolla

ble

coughing

fits

Bordetell

a

pertusis

Infected

humans;

transmissio

n viadroplets

produced

by

coughing

Nasopharyng

eal aspirates

or swabs

sent to themicrobiology

lab;

molecular

diagnostic

and

immunodiag

nostic are

available

Use

droplet


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Disease Signs and Patho- Reservoirs/ Laboratory Patient


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Disease Signs and

Symptom

s

Patho-

gen/

Causativ

e Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Trans-

mission

Laboratory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Coccidioi

domycos

is (Valley

Fever)

Fever,

chills,

cough

and

rarely,pain, may

include

lung

lesions,and

abscesses

througho

ut the

body

Coccidioi

des

immitis

Arthrospores

present in

soil in arid

and semi

arid areas ofthe Western

Hemispheres

;

transmissionvia

inhalation of

arthrospores


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Disease Signs and Patho Reservoirs/ Labora-tory Patient


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Disease Signs and

Symptom

s

Patho

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Transmission

Labora tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Cryptoc

occosis

Subspecie

s of C.

neoforma

ns

Pigeon nests;

pigeon,

chicken ,

turkey, and

batdroppings

Sensitive

cryptococcal

antigen

detection

test

Standard

precautio

ns


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Disease Signs and Patho Reservoirs/ Labora-tory Patient


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Disease Signs and

Symptom

s

Patho

gen/

Causative

Agent

Reservoirs/

Mode of

Transmission

Labora tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Histopla

smosis

Malaise,

fever,

chills,

headache

, myalgia,chest

pains,

and

unproduc

tive

cough

Histoplas

ma

capsulatu

m var.

capsulatum

Warm, moist

soil

containing a

high organic

content andbird

droppings,

bat

droppings

and pigeon

roosts.

transmission

via

inhalation of

Giemsa- or

Wright

stained

smears of

ulcerexudates,

bone

marrow,

sputum and

blood. skin

tests and

immunodiag

nostic

procedures

Standard

precautio

ns


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Disease Signs and Patho Reservo Labora-tory Patient


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Disease Signs and

Symptoms

Patho

gen/

Causativ

e Agent

Reservo

irs/

Mode

of

Transmission

Labora tory

Diagnosis

Patient

Care

Pneumo

cystis

CariniiPneumo

nia

(PCP,

Interstit

ial

Plasma-

Cell

Pneomo

nia)

Fever,

difficulty in

breathing,dry cough,

cyanosis

and

pulmonary

infiltration

of alveoli

with frothy

exudat

Pneomo

cystis

jiroveci(formerl

y P.

carinii

Infected

humans

;transmission is

perhaps

via

direct

contact

or

airborn

e

Demonstration

of Pneumocystis

in material frombronchial

brushing, open

lung biopsy, lung

aspirates or

smears of

tracheobronchial

mucus by various

staining methods

Standard

Precautio

ns;do notplace PCP

patients

in the

same

room

with an

immunoc

ompromis

ed


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Disease Signs and Patho Reservoir Labora-tory Patient


41/43

sease S g s a d

Symptoms

at o

gen/

Causativ

e Agent

ese o

s/

Mode of

Transmiss

ion

abo a to y

Diagnosis

at e t

Care

Pulmo-

nary

Zygomy-cosis

Wide

range of

clinicalmanifestati

on

Species

of

Mucor,Rhizopus

, and

Absidia

Transmiss

ion is by

inhalationof

airborne

spores,ing

estionand direct

inoculatio

n

Microscopic

observation of

distinctive,ribbon-like

braod aseptate

hyphae in

tissue sectionsand by culture

of biopsy tissue

Use

Standard

Precautions


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Documents

Report in Microbiology; Respiratory Sys