Repaso de gramtica

Repaso de gramtica HacerHacer means to do or to makeWhen a question contains the word hacer, it is not always necessary to include hacer in the answerQu haces durante el fin de semana? (What do you do during the weekend?)In this example, you would not answer with hacer, you would just say what you do Yo duermo y juego a los deportes durante el fin de semana (I sleep and I play sports during the weekend)Qu hacas cuando eras nio(a)?Qu te gusta hacer despus de la escuela?La hora

Son lasEslaymenosmaanatardenoche

Son las tres y media.Son las diez menos cuarto.Es la una y cuarto.Son las cuatro menos veinticinco.Son las dos y diez.Son las tres y veinte.Son las ocho menos cinco.Son las siete y veinticinco.

El Verbo GUSTAR En espaol gustar significa to be pleasing

In English, the equivalent is to like

Por ejemplo: In English we say: I like Spanish.

En espaol decimos: To me, Spanish is pleasing.

I like the ice cream.In English:

I is the subject

like is the verb

the ice cream is the direct objectEn espaol:

the ice cream is the subject

to please is the verb

me is the indirect object

En Espaol:The word order is actually backwards: The indirect object comes first:Me

Then the verb:gusta

Finally the subject of the verb:el helado.

Make it negative by adding no at the beginning.

Me=a m

Te=a ti

Le=a la ellaa Ud.(a Roberto)(a Lola)(a tu hermano)Nos=a nosotros

Os=a vosotros

Les=a ellosa ellasa Uds.(a Roberto y a Luis)(a Lola y a Carmen)(a mis amigos)Frases para enfatizar (NO SON NECESARIOS)Frases para clarificar (SON NECESARIOS, tell us who it is about)

Who is doing the liking?Indirect Object Pronouns:me

te

lenos

os

les

Gusta=singular nouns =infinitivesGustan=plural nouns

Frases de clarificacin:Le gusta el ajedrez.He likes chess

She likes chess.

You (formal) like chess.Les gusta la pizza.They like the pizza.

You all like the pizza.

Me gusta / Me gustan

Te gusta / Te gustan

Le gusta / Le gustan

Nos gusta / Nos gustan

Os gusta / Os gustan

Les gusta / Les gustanI like

You like

He / she / You like(s)

We like

You guys like

They / you like=REPASO Follow the steps:A m me la msicaA ti te el ajedrezA l *le gusta el heladoA ella la pizzaA usted A nosotros nos gustan los deportesA vosotros os los animalesA ellos *les las frutasA ellaslas pelculas de terrorA ustedes Step 1: Step 2: IOP Step 3:Step 4: *clarify or emphasize To whom? GUSTAR What is pleasing?*** To make it negative add no in between Step 1 and 2 ***NO15

Cmo se dice en espaol?Me gustan los animales.(A Elena) le gusta el helado.No nos gustan las verduras.(A Carlos y a Miguel) les gustan los carros.A ustedes les gustan las pelculas de aventura?Te gusta la msica pop?I like animals.

Elena likes ice cream.

We dont like vegetables.

Carlos and Miguel like cars.

Do you guys like adventure movies?

Do you like pop music?Muy vs. mucho

Noun Adjective Agreement

Adjectives are used to describe people/objects must always agree in gender and number with the noun.Adjectives must be placed after the noun*El carro rpidoAdjectives that end in o:

-Yo soy bajo.-Mara y yo somos bajos.-Las chicas son bajas.

Masculine FeminineSing. o aPl.osasl es guapo. Ella es guapa.Ellos son guapos. Ellas son guapas.

20Adjectives ending in eAdjectives ending in e are gender neutral but must agree in number:-El profesor es inteligente.-La profesora es inteligente.-Los profesores son inteligentes.

Masculine FeminineSing. eePl.esesl es inteligente. Ella es inteligente.Ellos son inteligentes. Ellas son inteligentes.

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Adjectives ending in consonants

Adjectives ending in consonants are gender neutral exceptfor r:-Yo soy intelectual.-Cristina es intelectual.-Nosotros somos intelectuales.Ending in r:-Jos es trabajador.-Rosa es trabajadora.-Ellos son trabajadores.-Ellas son trabajadoras.

Masculine FeminineSing. rraPl.resrasl es trabajador. Ella es trabajadora.Ellos son trabajadores. Ellas son trabajadoras.

2425AnswerQuestionyot / Ud.tyol / ellal / ellaUd.yonosotrosUds. / nosotrosvosotrosnosotrosellos / ellasellos / ellasUds.nosotros

Los Interrogativos

2) Detailed questions (interrogatives)S o No QuestionsWhen youre expecting a s/no answer:

GQu?

what28

when29Dnde?

where30Por qu?

why31Cmo?

how32Cul?

which33Quin?

who34Cuntos?

How many35Common InterrogativesQu?What? (Identity)Cundo?When?Dnde?Where? (Location)A dnde?To where?De dnde?From where?Por qu?Why?Cmo?How?Cul?Which? (sing.) (selection)Cules? Which? (pl.) (selection)Quin?Who? (sing.)Quines?Who? (pl.)Cunto/a/os/as?How many? (sing/pl. & masc./fem.)

QUESTION WORD SONG (To the tune of Jingle Bells)

Cmo howCundo whenCunto is how muchDnde where is whyPorque is becauseQu is whatCul is whichQuin is who or whomA qu hora at what timeA dnde is where to

(*)Porque is all one word without an accent.

Got a question, want to ask it , this is what you say..Por qu

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Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English, but there are some differences.

SingularPluralI = YoWe = nosotros (m)Nosotras (f)You (familiar) = tYou (plural, familiar) = vosotrosVosotras He = l She = ellaYou (formal) = Usted (Ud.)They (m) = EllosThey (f) = EllasYou (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.) 38The first person singular pronoun YOYo means I and is used in the same way as in English.

39Second person singular pronounTT means you (familiar/ informal)

Used when talking to someone familiar

403rd person singular l l = heIt is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man.DONT forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for thel = heel = the

EllaElla = sheIt is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.

The first person plural pronoun Nosotros / nosotrasNosotrosGroup of people including youMixed groups you and girls and guysIf you are a guy you always use nosotrosNosotrasGroup of you (if you are a girl) and all girls Juana: Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.

3rd person PluralEllosEllos = They (masculine)It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.

EllasEllas = They (feminine)It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females

YOU, You, and YouIn Spanish there are 3 ways to express youTvos (Argentina)usted (Ud.)

44YOU: T vs. Usted T = you (informal/familiar)

Use t when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis.

friendsfamilysmall childrenpeople younger than youpetsUsted (Ud.) = you (formal)

Use Usted when talking with people to whom you should show respect.

People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.)StrangersAcquaintancesAdults

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Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of t. Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group.Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is femaleThese two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain. We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to be aware of it.Ustedes is the plural form of usted.Differences Yall

46In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Ustedes is used to address a formal group.

Differences Yall

In Latin America, ustedes is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They dont use vosotros/as)The plural you form ustedes (Uds.) Is used differently in Spain and Latin America.47menteIf you add mente at the end of a word, it is like adding ily or elyEjemplos:Fcil vs. fcilmenteEasy vs. easilyPositiva vs. positivamentePositive vs. positively Negativa vs. negativamenteNegative vs. negatively Possessive AdjectivesAdjectives help DESCRIBE nouns, correct?They can also show possession, to whom something belongs.49Possessive AdjectivesHere are the possessive adjectives in English: my, your, his, her, our, and theirWe use the same choices regardless if the noun we describe is singular or plural.50Posessive Adjectivesmy dog, my dogs your house, your housesour Slurpee, our SlurpeesNotice there are no changes for plurals. 51Spanish works a little differentlyBecause everything in Spanish requires agreement, we have at least 2 choices for a possessive adjective, and sometimes even 4!In Spanish, there are required adjustments for quantity and gender.Possessive adjectives show ownership of items, or relationships between people. They go before the noun. We use them in place of articles (el/la/los/las).53Possessive AdjectivesMY MI MISOUR NuestroNuestra, nuestrosNuestrasYOUR TU TUSYour (pl) VuestroVuestra, vuestros, vuestrasHisHer SU, SUSYour (formal)Their SU, SUSYour (pl) formal 54In English, its easier to tell who something belongs to in the 3rd person bc we have HIS/HERIn Spanish, the possessive adjective SUhas many possible meanings (his, her, its, your, their). The context of the conversation will help you to know to whom it refers. 55Listos? (Ready?)My brotherMi hermanoHer fatherSu padreOur houseNuestra casaHer catSu gatoTheir pencilSu lpizHis cousinsSus primosHer sistersSus hermanasOur unclesNuestros tiosMy paperMi papelTheir familySu familia

Bien vs. buenoBien is an adverb. It means wellEstoy bien= I am wellBueno- adjective. It means goodEl libro es bueno= The book is goodHay formas diferentes de buenoBuen (shortened form of bueno, placed before a masculine noun [un buen libro])Buenos (masculine/plural)Buena (feminine/singular)Buenas (feminine/plural)

Verbs after conjugated verbsAfter a conjugated verb, you may leave the next verb in its infinitive form (un-conjugated)Por ejemplo: Yo necesito trabajar (I need to work)Ella puede hablar rpidamente (She can talk quickly)

tengotienestienetenemostenistienenThe verb tener means to have or to possess. It is an irregular -er verb that is conjugated as follows:Notice the irregular yo form . . .. . . and the changes that occur in the stem of the second-person singular and third persons.The verb tener

The verb tener + que + infinitiveOne of the special, idiomatic uses of tener is with the relator que plus an infinitive to express the idea of to have to (do something).The verb tener + que + infinitivetengotienestienetenemostenistienenWe start with an appropriate person and number of tenerque. . . add the little word que . . .and then add any infinitive.estudiarescribirhablarescucharleercomeraprenderdecidirpara el examen de espaol.TengoConjugate tener, add que, and then always add an infinitive, not a conjugated verb.I have to study for the Spanish exam.One of the special, idiomatic uses of tener is with the relator que plus an infinitive to express the idea of to have to (do something).tengoqueestudiarlimpiar el garaje.TienesTenemosI have to clean the garage.TengoqueDo you have to study a lot?queestudiar mucho?We have to prepare the food.quepreparar la comida.???The verb tener + que + infinitiveDont forget que!Qu tienes que hacer este fin de semana?estudiar?limpiar?trabajar?visitar?escribir una carta?hacer la tarea?quitar la nieve?ir a alguna parte?The verb tener + que + infinitiveDeber+infinitivo Que significa deber? Cmo conjugamos deber en el presente?yodeboNosotros/asdebemosTdebesVosotros/asDebisl/ella/ud.debeEllos/ellas/uds.debenEjemplosYo debo hablar con mi hermano.Ella debe estudiar para la clase de espaol.Nosotros debemos ir al gimnasio.