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REMOTE SENSING APPROACHES FOR FOREST AND STEPPE FIRE MONITORING
IN MONGOLIA
Joint NASA LCLUC Science Team meeting and GOFC-GOLD/NERIN, NEESPI, MAIRS Workshop
M. Erdenetuya (PhD) ICC/NRSC of Mongolia
16 – 21 September 2009, Almaty, Kazakhstan
OUTLINES:
Historical dates of Remote sensing activities in Mongolia
Objectives of NGIC project and its component
Fire detection technologies
Active fire detection
Burnt area estimation
Fire frequency analysis
Fire statistical data analysis
Conclusions
Joint NASA LCLUC Science Team meeting and GOFC-GOLD/NERIN, NEESPI, MAIRS Workshop
1970.12.05ESSA-8, NOAA-4-8APT (analog)manual (photo processing)
1987-11-25-1995
Multispectral, Digital-> NOAA9, NOAA10, NOAA11PDP-11/34, NOVA-4, 2PAAC -> IDRISI, PCI
1
2
Historical dates of NRSC:First Receiving antenna
Center for Satellite Data Receiving & Processing
Second Receiving antenna/Digital
Techniques: PC-QUORUM
Software: QTRACK, SPARK, VxEos, PCI, ENVI, ERDAS Imagine
Products: Natural Resources monitoring: Land cover classification, change detection,pasture, vegetation, forest, surface waterNatural disaster monitoring: drought, desertification, snow, dzud (harsh winter),
forest and steppe fires, dust storms. OVER the YEAR!!!
1995 – 2007:NOAA series, SEASTAR
3 May, November 2007 – recent :
Antenna: 2.4m – X-band TERRA/AQUA MODIS, L-band HRPT, 3.0m – FY-2C
Satellites: TERRA, AQUA, NOAA15, NOAA17, NOAA18, FY-1D & FY-2C (GMS)
4
Historical dates of NRSC/NGIC:
Responsibilities of the NRSC:
Receiving and processing data from satellites, NOAA series, TERRA and AQUA/MODIS and FY-2C/2D GMSGenerating the products, servicing to the policy makers and end users.
Daily based:Cloud, Forest and steppe fire, Dust
10 daily based:NDVI, Biomass, Drought, Snow
Research:Land cover classification maps (forest & surface water)
RS products:
NGIC project
Dutch Government funded and the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and Environment implemented the program “National Geoinformation center for Natural Resources Management (NGIC)”commenced in December 2006 aims at macro level environmental decision and policy making.
To establish medium spatial and high temporal resolution Remote Sensing based Early Warning and Decision Support Systems to support Environmental Management in Mongolia
Component 2, NGIC
FY-2C & MODIS receiver, 2007
Component 3, NGIC
To establish Web based National Environmental Database, Meta database, Statistical database, GeoInformation Database,Web Map Services Using Open Source Software
Satellite data and products
Satellite data: NOAA – KLM, NOAA18, AVHRR Receiving station: established in 1988
renovated in 1995Receiving Antenna: 1.2m diameterReceiving Software: QTRACKPre-processing Software: SPARK (by NASA)Output from SPARK: L0, L1B, L2, L3
Fire Detection Technology:L3 -> re-georeferencing in PCINOAA/Band combination RGB: 3, 2, 1 in ENVI
• temperature interpretation• visual interpretation of haze and smog• location determining• dynamic analyzing• dimension estimating• burnt area calculating• mapping• serving to all organizations
hard copy, website, soft copy via VSAT
Fire Detection/NOAA
1996
Satellite data: TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODISReceiving station: established in November 2007
Receiving Antenna: 2.4m diameterReceiving Software: VxEosPre-processing Software: VxEos (by eOsphere, UK)Outputs from raw: L0, L1B, L2, L3
Fire Detection Technology:L3 -> Re-georeferencing in MRTMODIS/ Band combination RGB: 21, 1, 2 in ENVI/ERDAS
• temperature interpretation• visual interpretation of haze and smog• location determining• dynamic analyzing• dimension estimating• burnt area calculating• mapping• serving to all organizations
hard copy, website, soft copy via VSAT
Fire Detection/MODIS
2007
Forest and Steppe FiresActive fires detection technology:
by NOAA satellites
RGB: 3,2,1Composite image
Active fire: redSmog: blueBurnt area: dark red
ACTIVE FIRE SOURCE:CH3 > 45oCCH1 (CH2) = 6 – 12
BURNT AREA:CH3 > 35 – 45oCCH1(CH2) = 3 – 6
13-Apr-2008
Night Time: 03:20
Russia
Dornod aimag
18-Apr-2008
Active fires detection technology:by NOAA data
Forest and Steppe Fires
18-Apr-2008Day Time: 14:58
Russia
Dornod aimag
Active fires detection technology:by MODIS data
Forest and Steppe Fires
NOAA 18 =1km
13-Apr-2008Time: 04:34Size = 69x 25km
13-Apr-2008Time: 04:45Size = 64x22 km
MODIS/Terra = 250m
64 km
69 km
Russia
Russia
23-Apr-2008Time: 05:45 Hec = 67415
Russia
NOAA 18 =1km
23-Apr-2008Time: 05:17 Hec = 47387
Russia
MODIS=250m
Terra MODIS data -MOD14 standard product (Hot spots)
Terra MODIS data MOD14 standard product just shows hot spots: location, temperature and percentage of risk (possiblity).
Forest and Steppe FiresProduct of MODIS:MOD14Hot spot’s location
Active fires detection technology:by MODIS data 18-May-2008
Day Time: 14:58
R = band21/7G = band1 B = band2
Composite image
Forest and Steppe FiresActive fires detection technology:
by MODIS data18-May-2008Day Time: 14:58
Russia
Burnt area by NOAA
Burnt area by NOAA
Burnt area by NOAA
Burnt area of 2008
Burnt area
Steppe burnt area
Forest burnt area
Legend
Fire frequency from 1996 - 2000
58%26%
13%3% 0%
1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
Fire frequency from 2001 - 2005
88%
0%12%
1 year 2 years 3 years
Burnt area frequency analysis
16% 3-5 years
12% 2-3 years
Burnt area frequency analysis
26 % of total burnt area – more than 3 years
Fire frequency map, 1996 - 2007
Maximum frequent fire – 7 years
Fire Statistics, 1963 – 2008Maximum number of fires:1996 – 415 firesTrend: slightly decreasing
Maximum burnt area:1997 – 12’440’000 haTrend: increasing
MNE
NEMA and others
All aimags
Operative Service by Forest and Steppe Fire Information
• by existing VSAT network of ICC• by internet using Web sites• by FTP
Web sites:www.icc.mnwww.mne-ngic.mn
• by phone call• by internet using Web sites• by hard copy
• by phone call• by internet using Web sites• by hard copy
• Bulletin (IMH)
Website:www.icc.mn Mongolia from satellites Products
Satellite data dissemination:http://www.icc.mn/
FY-2D & MODIS products:
Fire maps
MODIS image – 250 m
Satellite data dissemination:http://www.icc.mn/
MODIS fire products:
Satellite data dissemination:http://www.icc.mn/pro/modisfire.html
Daily fire map
Total burnt area map
Fire occurrence statistics
Satellite data dissemination:http://geodata.mne-ngic.mn/
Metadata
WMS serviceDisaster Information Systems
WMS serviceFire Information Systems
http://geodata.mne-ngic.mn:8008/fireinfo/
Conclusions
1. The active fire detection and burnt area mapping technologies
have been implementing and upgrading year by year
(NOAA&MODIS) and servicing to the related ministries,
agencies and other organizations are being operationalized.
2. Needed further cooperation with regional and neighboring
countries and involve in international programmes and projects.
Thank you for your attention!