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Integrated Land Ecosystem -Atmosphere Processes Study
Cross-disciplinary international research on land-atmosphere
interactions
Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Processes in Monsoon Asia Region, 12-17 January 2009
Anni Reissell, Marjut NymaniLEAPS IPO, University of Helsinki, Finland
Outline1. General on iLEAPS
2. Monsoon Asia, South East Asia ↨
iLEAPS
3. Examples of researchLand cover mapsExchange measurementsLand use - climateAerosol - climate
4. iLEAPS Science Conferenceand iLEAPS Early Career Scientist WorkshopMelbourne, Australia, August 2009
1. General on iLEAPS
What is iLEAPS?iLEAPS is the land -atmosphere interface reseach project of the International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme (IGBP).
The objective is to study how interacting physical, chemical and biological processes transport and transform energy and matter through the land-atmosphere interface.
iLEAPS is a multi- and cross-disciplinary international research program aimed at improved understanding of processes, linkages and feedbacks in the land-atmosphere interface affecting the Earth System.
iLEAPS facilitates scientific collaboration as well as synthesis and distribution of results to scientific, politic and public audiences, especially in developing countries.
iLEAPS vision
• Multiple scalars, interactions and feedbacks• Process-based understanding• Broad variety of temporal and spatial scales• Measurements integrated with modelling• Regional as well as global scientific consequence• Across traditional scientific and organizational boundaries• International, open to participants from all countries and
organizations• Participants selected based on scientific contribution• Public data access• Capacity building component
iLEAPS research guidelines
• Multiple scalars, interactions and feedbacks• Process-based understanding• Broad variety of temporal and spatial scales• Measurements integrated with modelling• Regional as well as global scientific consequence• Across traditional scientific and organizational boundaries• International, open to participants from all countries and
organizations• Participants selected based on scientific contribution• Public data access• Capacity building component
iLEAPS research guidelines
Biology, chemistry, physics, meteorology, micrometeorology, forest ecology, mathematics, computing….
Social science and natural science will be combined especially in developing countries, for example in relation to land use
www.ileaps.org
√ Science Plan (also in Chinese) √ Website√ Email bulletin, quarterly√ Email alert√ Newsletter, biannual√ Flyers√ Posters√ PowerPoint presentations√ Press releases√ Media interviews√ Workshops√ Summer school√ Science Conferences√ People database√ Research articles√ Journal special issues
Synthesis papersSynthesis book
iLEAPS products
Land-climate interactionswithin the Earth System
IPCC 2007
figure from Foley (2003)
Forest grassForest grass
Foley (2003)
Land-atmosphere exchange of reactive and conservative compounds: Key feedbacks in the Earth System
Science Foci
Interactions and feedbacks between biogenic/ anthropogenic aerosol production, cloud processes, climate and the water cycle
Surface-atmosphere exchanges and the self-cleansing mechanism of the atmosphere
Feedbacks and teleconnections in the land surface -vegetation -water - atmosphere system
Transfer of materials and energy in the soil/canopy/boundary-layer system: Measurements and Modelling
Focus 1
Focus 2
Focus 3
Focus 4
iLEAPS recognized activities
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
Fire-Land-Atmosphere Regional Ecosystem Studies
Inter-American Network for Atmospheric/Biospheric
Studies
Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Reactive Nitrogen
Volatile Organic Compounds in the Biosphere-Atmosphere System
An International Network MeasuringTerrestrial Carbon, Water andEnergy Fluxes Across Daily toInter-Annual Time Scales
FIRE TaskIGBP X-ProjectIntegrated fire researchactivity
iLEAPS recognized activities
Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative
Isotopes in the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes
Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport
iLEAPS/GEIA INITIATIVEvegetation dynamics-BVOC interactions, GDVM
LUCIDLand-use and climate
Aerosol-Climate-Air QualityInteractions
WATCHWater and Global Change
ACPCAerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, Climate
2. Monsoon Asia, South East Asia ↔ iLEAPS
• Water• Land use/land cover change• Biogeochemistry, biogeophysics
– processes, cycles, feedbacks, climate forcing• Flux measurements, integrative monitoring• Urbanization• Fire• Aerosol (dust, black carbon)– climate interactions• ACPC, AMMA, Fire X-Project, Fluxnet, WATCH…
3. Examples of research
Land cover maps
Identifying and quantifying uncertainty and spatialdisagreement in the comparison of Global Land Cover for
different applications
From Steffen Fritz, IIASAEGU April 2008
• A methodology was presented which allows the comparison of land cover maps with different legend classes
• In case the classes overlap, but their definitions differ, there is a high degree of uncertainty
• By producing hotspot maps for the different applications it is possible to locate areas of high disagreement / the place where it is worth looking
• Currently there is still high disagreement between global land cover maps
• Using ancillary maps and higher resolution satellite data it is possible to decide which map is better at a particular location and to produce an application specific hybrid map
• Surface exchange (flux) measurements
• Boundary layer budjets• Aircraft-based measurements• Remote sensing• Water/energy, GHG, aerosols
etc.
Land-atmosphere fluxes key component of our understanding how the Earth-and Climate System function in the past, present and in future
Advancement of process understanding and modeling of land-atmosphere exchanges over last two decades
Exchange measurements
• Surface flux measurements• Boundary layer budjets• Aircraft-based measurements• Remote sensing
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FLUXNET 2007
• Surface flux measurements• Boundary layer budjets• Aircraft-based measurements• Remote sensing
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FLUXNET 2007
Value of Flux NetworksProduces large and long data sets
Study gradient of climates, structure and function
Comprehensive (tower based) flux monitoring networks, better integrated research studies
Advancement of process understanding and modeling of land-atmosphere exchanges over last two decades.
Use of surface flux information in regional and global climate models to parameterize, schemes
Numerical weather prediction centers to use surface flux data to improve their parameterizations and seasonal forecasting skills.
Space based global observing communities (GOS) dialogue with terrestrial observing communities (GTOS, IGOS-P Carbon, ..)
Seneviratne et al. 2006, Nature
Correlation (temperature, evapotranspiration)
Coupling with temperature
Coupling with precipitation
Koster et al., 2004, Science; Koster et al. 2006, JHM
Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment /GLACE, 12 global climate models, summer 1994
IPCC simulations: ECHAM5, GFDL, HadGEM1;summers 1970-1989
Land-atmosphere couplingImpact of soil moisture on precipitation and temperature
Seneviratne et al. 2006, Nature
Correlation (temperature, evapotranspiration)
Land-atmosphere couplingImpact of soil moisture on precipitation and temperature
Coupling with temperature
Coupling with precipitation
Koster et al., 2004, Science; Koster et al. 2006, JHM
Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment /GLACE, 12 global climate models, summer 1994
IPCC simulations: ECHAM5, GFDL, HadGEM1;summers 1970-1989
Strong coupling intransitional zones betweendry and wet climates
Seneviratne et al. 2006, Nature
Correlation (temperature, evapotranspiration)
Land-atmosphere couplingImpact of soil moisture on precipitation and temperature
Coupling with temperature
Coupling with precipitation
Koster et al., 2004, Science; Koster et al. 2006, JHM
Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment /GLACE, 12 global climate models, summer 1994
IPCC simulations: ECHAM5, GFDL, HadGEM1;summers 1970-1989
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FLUXNET 2007
Lack in observations,validation of models
Natalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Andy Pitman
-Objective to identify and quantify the impacts of land-use induced land-cover changes on the evolution of climate between the pre-industrial epoch and present-day
Scenarios of land-cover change important because humans have profoundlymodified the landscape and will continue to do so
Global, coupled, fixed SSTs, multiple realizationsLinks to AIMES and C4MIP and C20C At least four groups: NCAR, IPSL, CSIRO, CNRM (1870 to present crop map, with natural vegetation) Use a statistical rigorous experimental designHow much of the (a) global and (b) regionally observed changes can be robustly explained by land cover?
LUCIDLand-use and Climate, IDentification of robust impacts
Temperature – JJAdifference between present day and preindustrial
crop map to parameterization map
Precipitation – JJAdifference between present day and preindustrial
No common responses that are regionally significant
A suite of classic apparent teleconnection patterns – but they are not common across the models
The relative impact of LCC appears small compared to increased CO2
Precipitation – JJAdifference between present day and preindustrial
Land surface properties and atmospheric aerosol particles → precipitation processes → thermodynamic and radiative energy budgets of the Earth
The aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate issue cuts across many projects → activity for IGBP-WCRP
The effect of aerosols on precipitation and climate: high uncertainty
Aerosol physicis and chemistry, cloud microphysics, cloud dynamics…
Andi Andreae, Bjorn Stevens
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions
Which datasets are presently available that can be used to corroborate model calculations?
What work needs to be done to make these datasets comparable?
What processes in global models need the most work (e.g., convection schemes, aerosol/cloud interactions, …)?
What additional data must be acquired, and what are the most promising strategies to obtain them?
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions
New conceptual model presented.
Due to anthropogenic aerosol particles, the slowing rate of evolution of rain drops delays the precipitation of the cloud water, more water is transported to higher altitudes where the condensed water can form ice particles.
These particles release heat aloft and reabsorb heat at lower levels where they melt after falling. Model simulations suggest that this delay of early rain causes greater amounts of cloud water and rain intensities later in the life cycle of the cloud. Greater cooling below and heating above leads to enhanced upward heat transport.
Greater heating in the troposphere enhances the atmospheric circulation system.
4. iLEAPS Science ConferenceiLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference
Science conf 24-28 August 2009
ECS conf 21-22 August 2009
Melbourne, Australia
Parallel confs with Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX/WCRP)
Joint sessions 1. Land in the climate system
2. Aerosol, cloud, precipitation, climate interactions
3. Future generation of integrated observation and modeling systems
1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale
2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in
modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the
climate system
iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference 21-22 Aug
1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks
2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling
issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing
iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions
1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale
2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in
modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the
climate system
iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference
1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks
2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling
issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing
iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions
1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale
2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in
modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the
climate system
iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference
1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks
2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling
issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing
iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions
We welcome Monsoon Asia area participation in iLEAPS and in Melbourne events!
Abstract submission by 15 March
1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale
2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in
modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the
climate system
iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference
1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks
2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling
issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing
iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions
THANK YOU!