Poverty& ce POVERTY & RACE RESEARCH ACTION COUNCIL

September/Oct.ober 1993 Volume 2: Number 5

Poverty and Race, PRRAC's bi-monthly newsletter, has been in existence nearly two years now. We're pleased with its growth-and importance as a resource for our colleagues, and we appreciate the positive feedback weve received from readers, indicating that you too find it a highly useful and stimulating: publication.

We want and intend to keep P&R a free publication--somehow, charging for something, no matter how minimal the charge or how useful the product, greatly reduces the audience, and we want the 5000+ folks in the PRRAC Network to continue receiving and using our newsletter.

But it is an expensive part of our outreach work: staff time aside, out-of-pocket costs for layout, printing and postage come to about $4,<XX> per issue, or nearly $25,000 a year, costs that keep rising as our mailing list grows.

As an alternative to mandatory subscription fees, we propose a system of voluntary contributions to help cover our costs-which will enable us to use the money we now must allocate to P&R for research grants and other projects that support anti-poverty and anti-racist advocacy.

Here's what we suggest: For individuals and low-income organizations: A contribution in the $10-25 range (more if you can swing it). For other organizations: A contribution of $25 or more, even into the three figures. (We'll be happy to furnish an "invoice" if

that will facilitate thing<1 bureaucratically.) Foundations: PRRAC would be happy to submit a proposal to you for a small grant to support continued publication and

expansion of Poverty & Race. On page 23 you'll find a contribution form. Please take a moment to fill 1t out. A positive response is important to us, not only

financially, but in terms of your feedback regarding how yo:u value Poverty & Race. Thank you. Hope you all had a good summer.

Chester Hartman Executive Director /

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Racism and Multicultural Democracy by Manning Marable

What is racism? How does the system of racial discrimination that people of color experience today differ from the type of discrimination that existed in the period of Jim Crow, or legal racial segregation? How is the rich spectrum of cultural groups affected by practices of discrimination within Amer­ica's so-called "democratic society"

today? What parallels can be drawn between sexism, racism and other types of intolerance, such as anti-Semitism, anti-Arabism, homophobia and handi­capism? What kinds of national and international strategies are needed for a multicultural democracy in the whole of American society and throughout the

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Poverty & Race Research Action Council• 1711 Conneczicut Ave. NW• Suite 207 • Washington, DC 20009 • (202 )387-9887 • FAX (102 )387-0764

PRRAC HAS MOVEDII See box page 1 for new add,ess

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Western world? And finally, what do we need to do to not just see beyond our differences, but to realize our common­alities and deepen one another's efforts to seize our full freedom and transform the nature of society?

Let's begin with point one: Racism is the system of ignorance, exploitation and power used to oppress African Americans, Latinos, Asians, Pacific Americans, Native Americans and other people on the basis of ethnicity, culture. mannerisms and color. Point two: When we try to articulate an agenda of multi­cultural democracy, we run immediately into the stumbling block of stereotypes­the device at the heart of every form of racism today. Stereotypes are at work when people are not viewed as indi­viduals with unique cultural and social backgrounds, with different religious traditions and ethnic identities, but as two-dimensional characters bred from the preconceived attitudes, half-truths, ignorance and fear of closed minds. When seen through a stereotype, a person isn't viewed as a bona fide human being, but as an object onto which myths and half-truths are projected.

There are many ways that we see stereotypes degrade people, but perhaps the most insidious way is the manner in which stereotypes deny people their own history. In a racist society like our own, people of color are not viewed as having their own history or culture. Eveiything must conform to the so-called standards of white bourgeois society. Nothing gen­erated by people of color is accepted as historically original, dynamic or creative. This eVC!I. applies to the way in which people of color are miseducated about their own history. Indeed, the most insidious element of stereotypes is how people who are oppressed themselves begin to lose touch with their own tradi­tions of history, community, love, cele­bration, struggle and change. . . .

In the 1980s we saw a proliferation of racist violence, most disturbingly on college campuses. Why the upsurgence of racism? Why was it occurring in the 1980s and why does this disease continue

to spread into the 1990s? How is it complicit with other systeuric crises that we now face within the political, eco­nomic and social structures of our society?

First we need to be clear about how we recogniu: racism. Racism is never acci­dental within a social structure or insti­tution. It is the systemic exploitation of people of oolor in the process of pro­duction and labor, the attempt to subor­dinate our cultural, social, educational and political life. The key cona:pts here are subordinate and systemic. The dy­namics of raqsm attempt to inflict a sub­ordinate po1,ition for people of color­Latinos, Native Americans, Arabs, Asians, African Americans and other people of color within the society ....

Democracy is not something that you do once every lour years when you vote; Ifs something that you live every single day.

Racism in the 1990s means lower pay for equal work. It means a !JrooeM that sustains inequality within the income structure of this country. Institutional racism in America's economic system today means that the rhetoric of equal opportunity in the marketplace remains, in efl"ect, a hoax for most people of color. Between 1973 and 1986 the real average earnings for black males between the ages of 20 and 29 actually fell 50 percent.

Pushing Drugs

What else intensifies racism and in­equality in the 1990s? Drugs. We are witnessing the complete disintegration of America's inner cities, the home of mil­lions of Latinos and blacks. We see the daily destructive impact of gang violence inside our neighborhoods and commun­ities, which is directly attributable to the fact that for 20 years the federal govern­ment has done little to address the crisis

2 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 � September/October 1993

of � inside the ghetto and the inner city •.•. For people of color, crack addiction has become part of the new urban slavery, a method of disrupting lives and regulating masse8 of young people who would otherwise be demand­ing jobs, adequate health care, better schools and control of their own com­munities. Is it accidental that this in­sidious cancer has been unleashed within the very poorest urban neighborhoods, and that the police concentrate on petty street d�ale� rather than those who actually control and profit from the drug traffic? How is it possible that thousands and thousands of pounds of illegal dru� can be transported throughout the coun­try, in airplanes, trucks and automobiles, to hundreds of central distribution centers with thousands of employees, given the ultra high-tech surveillance and intelli­gence capacity of Jaw enforcement of­ficers? How, unless crack presented a systemic form of social control? ...

The struggle that we have now is not -- -simply against the system. It's against the

kind of insidious violence and oppres,gve behavior thai people of color carry out against each other. What I'm talking about is the convergence between the utility of a certain type of commodity­addictive narcotics------and economic and social problems that are confronting the system. That is, the redundancy, the unemployment of millions of people of color, young women and men, living in our urban centers. The criminal justice system represents one type of social control. Crack and addictive narcotics represent another type. If you're doing organizing within the black community, it becomes impossible to get people and families to oome out to your community center when there are crack houses all around the building. It becomes impos­sible to continue political organizing when people are afraid for their own lives. This is the new manifestation of racism in which we &ee a form of social control existing in our communities, the destruction of social institutions, and the erosion of people's ability to fight against the forms of domination that continu­ously try to oppress them.

Women's· Freedom

How do we locate the connections between racism and sexism? There are many direct parallels, in both theory and practice, between these two systems of domination. A good working definition of sexism is the subordination of women's social, cultural, political and educational rights as human beings, and the unequal distribution of power and resourct.s be­tween women and men based on gender. Sexism is a subsocial dynamic, like racism, in that the dynamic is used to subordinate one part of the population to another.

How does sexism function in the economic system? Women e�rience it through the lack of pay equity-the absence of equal pay for comparable work performed by women versus men on the job. Sexism exists in the stratifi­cation of the vocational hierarchy by gender, which keeps women dispropor­tionately at the bottom. The upper levels of the corporations are dominated by white wealthy wales, as is the ownership of productive forces and property largely that of white maJes. Women consequently have less income mobility, and frequently are defined as "homemakers," a vocation for which there is absolu1ely no fmancial compensation, despite 60 to 80 hours of work per week.

Sexism within cultural and social in­stitutions means the domination of males in decision-making positions. Mab con­trol the majority of newspapers, the film industry, radio and television. Sexist stereotypes of both males and females are thus perpetuated through the domi­nant cu ltural institutions, advertising and broadcast media.

In political institutions, sexism trans­lates into an unequal voice and influence within the government. The overwhelm­ing majority of seats in the Congress, state legislatures, courts and city councils are controlled by white men. The United States bas one of the lowest percentages of women represented within its national legislature among Western democratic societies.

And fmally, like racism, the wire that knots sexist mechanisms together, which perpetuates women's inequality within

the fabric of the social institution, is violence. Rape, spouse abpse and sexual harassment on the job are all essential to the perpetuation of a sexist society. For the sexist, violence is the necessary and logical part of an unequal, exploitive re­lationship .... Rape and sexual baras.s­ment are therefore not accidental to the structure of gender relations within a sexist order. This is why progresmves must first target the issue of violence against women, in the struggle for human equality and a nonsexist environment. This is why we must fight for women's rights to oontrol their own bodies. . ..

Sexism and racism combine with class exploitation to produre a three-edged mode of oppression for women of color. Economically, African American, Latina

and Native American women are far below white women in terms of income, job security and job mobility. The median income of a black woman who is also a single parent with children is below $10,000 annually. Thirty-six percent of all black people live below the federal government's poverty line. And more than 75% of that number arc black women and their children.

People of color are radically redefining the nature of democracy.

Black and Latina women own virtually no sizeable property; they head no major corporations; they only rarely are the heads of colleges and univemties; they possess no massive real estate holdings; they are not on the Supreme Court; few are in the federal court system; they are barely represented in Congress; and they represent tiny minorities in state legisla­tures or in the leadership of both major parties. Only a fractional percentage of the attorneys and those involved in the criminal justire system are African Amer­ican women. It is women of color, not white women. who are overwhelmingl.y those who are haras.a by police, ar­rested without cause and who are the chief victims of all types of crimes.

Sexism and racism are not perpetuated

biologically like a disease or drug ad­diction; both behaviors are learned with­in a social framework and have abso­lutely no ground in hereditary biology. They are perpetuated by stereotypes, myths and irrational fean that are rooted in false sense of superiority. Both sexism and racism involve acts of systemic coer­cion-job discrimination, legal domina­tion and political underrepresentation. And both sexism and racism may culmi­nate in acts of physical violence. . .

Education

. What are some other characteristics of the new racism that we arc now encount­ering? What we see in general i5 a dupli­citious pattern that argues that African Americans and other peopJe of color are moving forward while their actual ma­terial conditions are being pushed back. Look at America's education system. The number of doctoral degrees being granted to blacks, for example, is falling. ... The Reagan administration initiated budget cuts in education, replacing gov­ernment grants with loans, and debl>er­at.ely escalated unemployment for low­income people, making it difficult io afford tuition at professional schools •... By 1987, there were nearly 100,orofewer black Americans enrolled in oollege than there were ten years before. We're seeing the vision of equality moving away from us .... And since the-population base for blacks of co� age (18 to 26 years) had increased significantly during these years, the decline was actually far greater than it appeared when considered as a percent­age of that population group. By con­trast, white college emollment between .1976 and 1986 increased by nearly one million students .•..

We can think about the problem of educational under-development at the collegiate level if we backtrack the pro­gress of young people of color from lcindergart.en through to their senior year in college. Aa:ording to the Calif omia Post-secondary Education C.Ommission Director's Report. only SO% of the state's 1988 black' kindergarten class will grad­uate from high school ....

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in colleges conforms to the dynamics of Third World colonialism. At nearly all white academic institutions, the power relationship between whites as a group and people of color is unequal. Authority is invested in the hands of a core of largely white male administrators, bureaucrats and influential senior faculty. The board of trustees or regents is dominated by white, conservative, affluent males. Despite the presence of academic courses on minorities, the vast majority of white students take few or no classes that explore the heritage or cul­tures of non-Western peoples or domestic minorities. Most courses in the human­ities and social sciences focus narrowly on topics or issues from the Western capitalist experience and minimize the centrality and importance of non-West­ern perspectives. Finally, the university or college divorces itself from the press­ing concerns, problems and debates that relate to blacks, Hispanics or� white working-class people. Given this struc­ture and guiding philosophy, it shouldn't surprise us that many talented nonwhite students fail to achieve in such a hostile environment.

The· Color of Our Prisons

Over 2.2 million black people are arrested every year in the United States; one-half million blacks are currently intarcerated in a federal or state prison or a penal institution. . . . Most black male prisoners were unemployed at the time of their arrests; the others averaged less than $8,<XX> annual income during the year before they were jailed. And about 45% of the over 2,200 people cur­rently awaiting execution are African Americans. As Lennox S. Hinds, former National Director of the National Con­ference . of Black Lawym, has stated, "someone black and poor tried for steal­ing a few hundred dollars has a 90% likelihood of being convicted of robbery with a sentence averaging between 94 and 138 months. A white business execu­tive who embezzled hundreds of thou­sands of dollars has only a 20% likeli-

hood of conviction with a sentence aver­aging about 20 to 48 monihs.,. Justice is not color blind when black people are the accused ....

'Toward a Multicultural Democracy

So what do we need in this country? How do we begin to redefme the nature of democracy? Not as a thing, but as a process. Democracy is a dynamic con­cept. African Americans 25 years ago did not have the right to eat in many res­taurants, we couldn't sit down in the front seats of buses or planes, we couldn't vote in the South, we weren't allowed to use public toilets or drink from water fountams marked .. For Whites Only." All of that changed through struggle, commitment and an understandmg that democracy is not something that you do once every four years when you vote. It's something that you live every single day.

It ls not sufficient that we assert what we are against,· we must allirm what we are for.

What can we do to create a more pluralistic, democratic society in Amer­ica? Before the end of this decade, the majority of California's total population will consist of people of color .••. And not long after the midpoint of the next century, no later than 2056, we will live in a country in which people of color will be the numerical majority. Over the next 50 years there will be a transition from a white majority society to a society that is far more pluralistic and diverse, where multilingualism is increasingly the norm, where different cultures, different spirit­ualities and different philosophies are a beautiful mosaic of human exchange and interaction. This is the emerging multicultural majority.

People of color are radically redefining the nature of democracy. We assert that democratic government is empty and meaningless without active social justice

4 • Poverty & Race ,� Vol. 2, No. 5 1t September/October 1993

and cultural diversity. Multicultural political democracy means that this country was not built by and for only one group-Western Europeans; that our country does not have only one lang­uage-English; or only one religion­Christianity; or only one economic phil­osophy-corporate capitalism. Multi­cultural democracy means that the leadership within our society should reflect the richness, colors and diversity expressed in the lives of all of our people. Multicultural. democracy demands new types of power-sharing and the reallo­cation of resources necessary to create economic and social development for those who have been syst.ematically ex­cluded and denied. Multicultural demo­cracy enables all women and men to achieve full self-determination, which may include territorial and geographic restructuring, if that is the desire of an indigenous group, community or op­pressed nation. Native Americans can no longer be denied their legitimate claims of sovereignty as an oppressed naµon, and we must fight for their right to self­determination as a central principle of democracy.

Multicultural democracy articulates a vision of society that is feminist. ... The patterns of subordination and exploita­tion of women of color-including job discrimination rooted in gender, race and class, rape and sexual abuse, for:ced sterilizations, harassment and abuse within the criminal justice system, housing discrimination against single mothers with children, the absence of pay equity for comparable work, polit:ical. underrepresentation and legal disfran­chisement-combine to perpetuate a subordinate status for women within society. No progressive struggles have ever been won for people of color throughout history without the courage, contnl>utions, sacrifices and leadership of women. No political agenda of eman­cipation is possible unless one begins with the central principle of empower­ment and full liberation for all women. at every level of orgamzation and society. Men must learn from the experiences and insights of women if we are to

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PRRAC Researchers Report

Employer Discrimination Against Immigrants and Refugees

President Bill Clinton and other policy makers have recently reiterated their support for increased enforcement of employer sanctions to help deter undocumented immigration. However, as our recent study, the National Em­

ployer Survey Project, has shown, em­ployer sanctions implementation has been fraught with numerous violations and discriminatory practices, and renewed efforts to beef up enforcement appear destined simply to enhance em­ployer discrimination against immigrants and other minority workers. Together with other studies showing,that sanctions have little or no impact on mitigating undocumented immigration, it is clear that government resources would be better spent enforcing labor law protec­tions and standards.

In November 1986, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), sweeping legislation that had been hotly debated for several years. Working with the premise that undocu­ni,ented �t workers were "taking jolls away from Americans," Congress

aimed to mitigate illegal immigration by a combmation of increased border en­forcement and introduction of"employer sanctions." These sanctions established penalties for employers who continu­ously bite undocumented workers. Theo­retically, these sanctions would deter employers from such hiring, thereby cutting off a source of Jobs that are the "magnet"for undocumented immigrants. Congress also mcluded an anti-discrim­ination measure in response to charges that employers fearing sanctions might discriminate against employees who "looked" or sounded foreign,

By most accounts, employer sanctions have been a failure. Both government

by Cathi Tactaquin

and independent studies have criticized the apparent lack of impact sanctions have had on the flow of undocumented immigration into the U.S. In addition, a 1990 General Accounting Office report concluded that employer sanctions have caused "widespread discrimination."

In February 19'Jl, the National Net­work for Immigrant and Refugee Rights coordinated an investigative delegation to Washington, D.C., to speak with law­makers and advocates concerning the impact of employer sanctions. From those discussions emerged a proposal to conduct an independent study to con­tinue the monitoring of employer sanc­tions and produce current documentation for policy advocacy.

G1ovemment resources

iF�•ould be better spent enforcing labor law ,protections and standards.

After considering various types of studies, the National Network and sev­eral local member organizations decided to coordinate a survey of employers in key cities, using � a model a survey conducted in 1989 of San Francisco employers by the Coalition for Immi­grant and Refugee Rights and Services and the Public Research Institute at San Francisco State University. Rather than rely on material provided in previous "advocate-based" reports, such as anec­dotal information from anti-discrimina­tion "hotlines," the conduct of an em­ployer-based survey seemed better able to identify trends, spotlight specific prob-

lem areas and provide fresh statistical data. There was considerable discussion about the credibility of a report con­ducted by advocate groups. Participants agreed that while there would be de• tractors, a carefully conducted, substan­tiated survey and report could be pro­duced •.

With funding from PRRAC and, later, the Limantour Fund in San Fran­cisco, the survey was conducted in May, 1992 in San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York and Chicago. Several other cities were considered, but lack of re­sources and scheduling difficulties forced cancellation of the study in those areas. The project was truly collaborative: survey interviews were coordinated in the four cities by the Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights and Ser­vices (CIRRS) in San Francisco; the C-enter for Immigrant Rights (CIR) in New York; Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles (CHIRLA); and the United Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (UNIR) in Chicago. In addition, the New York City Human Rights Commission played an important role in the project, sending initial contact letters to the randomly selected businesses in each of the four cities, and eventually centralizing the database to produce a preliminary find­ings pape1. The final report is now being drafted by Ximena Delgado, a CIRRS intern.

The survey's aim was to identify pat­terns, similarities and dissimilarities among employer practices in the four cities six years after passage of IR.CA. The survey considered the effectiveness of employer education efforts; employer knowledge of employee documents and

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September/October 1993 " Poverty & Race • Vol 2, No. 5 • 5

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use of the 1-9 form, which employers must keep on file for employees hired after Nov. 6, 1986, the date the law was passed; and the significance of "ethnic appearance" and foreign accent in hiring.

The 400+ employers eventually sur­veyed were randomly generated in each city from citywide employer lists, and proportionately represented employers with 4-15 employees, 16-40 employees, 41-100 employees, 101-250 employees, and 25 l + employees.

Some of the key survey findings were: ·• Continued high levels of discrimi­

nation. • I�uance of the "INS Handbook"

did not mitigate levels of discrimina­tion-in fact, employers who had seen the Handbook had relatively higher levels of discriminatory practia:s.

• Over one-third of employers con­sidered Latinos, Asians or Caribbeans "ris}-.ier to hire."

• Discriminatory practices were gen­erally more prevalent among smaller employers.

A third of the employers interviewed responded that they were not very familiar with the 1-9 form. The data also revealed that a large proportion of em­ployers had never even used the form. The proportion was greatest among small firms (4-15 workers); nearly 50% had never used it. , The conduct of the survey had been postponed untlt after the INS had com­pleted a re-distribution of the INS Handbook in early 1992. However, 38% of the employers said they had never seen the Handbook or used any other form of information to find out about the re­quirements to fill out the 1-9 form. Nearly 7 out of lO small firms (4-15 workers) claimed never to have received the INS Handbook, compared to 33% of firms with 101 or more workel'li. (Al­though percentages may be higher among smaller firms, discriminatory practices may affect many more workers among the large companies.)

Certain discriminatory practices were · not significantly reduced through use of

the INS Handbook and/ or other sources

of information. When e�ployers were asked whether the firm would require any other documentation after a job seeker had presented a driver's license or ID card and a Social Security card, 32% said they would require additional doo­wnents, a violation of INS guidelines.

Small- and medium-size companies­those with 100 or fewer workers--dis­played higher rates of discriminatory practices, 1� understanding of IRCA regulations and less use of the 1-9 form. Despite IRCA provisions to the contrary, slightly over half of the respondents stated that they did request to see some form of work authorization (e.g., a permit issued by INS or a Social Security card) before hiring a new employee. This practice was reported among 75% of the small size firms, 55%. of the 41-100 worker size, and 35% of firms with over 250 workers. Among those requesting work authorization before hiring, 56% said that when an applicant has a foreign

accent or appearance, they want to make sure they are authorized to work Qefore they are hired. Thirty percent of the respondents said that they required workers to show their employment authorization again after they return from a lay-off.

By tnost accoL�nts, employer sanctions have

been a failure.

Overall, almost half of the employers stated that workers who speak liquted English are riskier to hire. More than one out of three employers believed Latinos, Asians or Caribbeans are riskier to hire.

One in every six employers acknowl­edged having turned applicants away because their documents seemed fake.

The survey also showed that "grand­fathered workers,"those hired before the passage of the bill and who are not affected, have been victims of employer abuse. (Many employers would not answer these questions.) Over one-third of 'the respondents said they required workers hired before November 1986 to

6 .. Poverty & Race � Vol. 2, No. 5 • September/October 1993

show proof of employment authoriza­tion.

Other violations: � More than 55% of the employers

said they do not accept any INS docu­ments other than the work authoriz.ation permit �ued by the agency.

• A staggering 78% of the employers said they require all new employees to show their Social Security card.

• More than 56% of all employers said they decide which work authorization documents the employee should use to fill the 1-9 form.

� Almost one-third of all employers said they would require additional doc­uments if a job seeker presented a driver's licet1.se or ID card and a Social Security card.

(t Two-thirds of employers said they photocopied documents showing work authorization presented by the worker.

Initial Conclusions and Recommendations

In conducting the survey, there were many instances of turnover of personnel responsible for hiring, and many smaller businesses reported that they had never received any information from the INS. Even after almost seven years, a con­sistent and comprehensive outreach to various businesses is lacking and has an uneven impact.

Employer education efforts have not prevented many instances of discrimina­tion and/ or non-compliance. Despite targeted employer education efforts, there were numerous incidents of non­compliance and discrimination. Access to information on IRCA regulations did not seem to drastically reduce discrimi­natory practices-in fact, employers appear to be more fearful of sanctions and economic hardship and are more suspect of immigrant and minority workers once they read the INS Hand­book. In these four cities with large immigrant populations, over one-third of the employers believe that Latinos, Asians or Caribbean� are riskier to hire---a belief held regardiess of whether or not the employer had seen the INS

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PRRAC Researchers Report

The Impact of Michigan's Social Security Cuts

by Beverley McDonald

The social services reductions which went into effect in Michigan in 1991-1992-including the elimination of Gen­eral Assistance (GA}-reached deep into communities across the state, harming not only the single adults targeted by the termination of GA but 86,000 children as well, according to an impact study under­taken by the Michigan League for Human Services. The league's report summarizes the findings of an 18-month project undertaken in conjunction with Wayne State University to evaluate the impact on individuals and communities of the social services reductions. Funding was provided by the Poverty aoo Race Research Action Council and several Michigan foundations.

Tne project's findings show that severe cuts in the state's emergency needs, energy assistance and indigent medical care programs, coupled with the withdrawal of cash support to 82,000 persons receiv­ing GA, have increased homelessness in the state and have swamped the private emergency services sector with requests for help with basic needs. The employa­bµity of former GA recipients has been diininished due to the lack of a regular place to stay, growing social isolation, and chronic health problems exacerbated by the deep reductions in the state's indigent medical care program.

The report includes a review of Mich­igan's historical experience with the GA program, the characteristics of the GA population, and the funding and policy

changes in other programs that have historically provided supplemental sup­port to GA recipients, as well as to other low-income individuals and families. Surveys and interviews with former GA participants and private community agencies that have traditionally setved the needy formed the bases for evaluating the impact of the changes.

The project's key research questions tested the reliability of the assumptions underlying the 1991-1992 social services changes: that the local labor market, the private social services system and the extended family-together or sepa­rately-would replace the support formerly provided through GA and other programs.

The Ability of Other

Sectors to Meet the Needs

TINDING #1: Tl� labor market did ,,ot ri�• abs91'6 Jorme; GA tw.p­ienb. Only 11% o/Jormer �t, wue emp/o}'«l lb: m:mtks eftei- elfmination oJGe.!�-alA�oJthae,l-'lt� •� btfcre 11m prognmr fl'.rmlnated. Eighty-three pm-mt o/Jt>,nw·G-A r«i,J,r• iellb we."W! ummp/oyed.

• The increase in employment follow­ing the elimination of GA was significant only in those counties .where former recipients were few relative to the sue of the labor market;

ell The majority of jobs held by re­spondents were UDBkilled, low-paid and part-time; the average wage was $4.40 per hour;

� The employment rate among re­spondents who bad a driver's license or a car that runs was twice the rate of those who had neither,

@ Case studies indicate that most former recipients were less employable 15 months after termination of assistance than they were when the GA stipend was stabilizing their housing situation.

FINDING #2: Local comnlUltitia and t1rdr Mtwork o/priw,u mwrgmcy scr­vicer p,oviti,n w,re not abk to mm the inowsed nl!f!d for ,en,wo which fol­lowed dJmination of GA and mlact1(JIIS

in the emugmcy n«ds and indigmJ Maltk care pro&rams. The avee-age number of pe'SOm &ened Wft?k6i by

fll6tdes mcn.ased 1!!% in � yea,, woitilrg limtr/)o �-dfd liffr!»­dona 011 the type, oJ JXHO,"i& efit:U;lefor :,m,!ces a,,d the� ava!J11bl&

@ The increase in the number of persons served created significant bud­getary and staffing pressures for these small agencies;

• Most agencies reported requests from increased numbers of former GA recipients, newly unemployed workers and the working poor;

• Survey respondents provided a greater variety of services than they did a year earlier, with notable expansion in health care and' related services.

a Community service providers also received an escalating number pf repeat requests, particularly for assistance with food, shelter and utilities;

c.t Nine of ten emergency services providers expected the needs of their communit} to increase during the next six months, while 29% believed their ability to handle requests would diminish.

FINDING #3: Th.iz extef'lfil!il!J11£7!fly ms

111ot p�ovuleti the support previously at1allable dtraugh GA a,uJ ot/WJ· sqclaJ 66Vfcapn,gr'tliiU. Former GA r«lJJimts ml gro;vmg � isolation.

• While 12% of case study parti­cipants were staying with an adult child, one in three fonner recipients had not seen their adult children in over a year;

-ei Nearly one in four interviewed could not identify a single close friend; fully half could count only one or two people as friends;

• While some former GA recipients reported living with family members, data from the survey counties indicate

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(MICHIGAN: Continued from page 7)

that nearly 20,000 former recipients in those counties had no regular place to stay.

The Scope of Unmet Basfc Needs

FINDING#!: The elimination of GA int:ttased homelessness. An estimated 20,(j{}{j rqJients in the study counties � eviction /ollowi,rg the� gram's end, with a similar number re­porting nn regular place to stay. The /mgth of� railJir.g in an}' Om! place decreased dramatically for /017llt!t· GA redplents.

• The percentage of fonner GA re­cipients who were homeless increased from 2% to 25% within seven months after the GA program ended;

• Half of Conner GA recipients inter­viewed had lived in two or more places in the year following the loss of their GA assistance;

• Based on survey results, nearly 7,000 GA recipients in the study counties were sleeping in shelters part of each month.

FINDING #2: Hunger inereased. An estimatea27,Cfl(J former GA ,wpieeas in tfre study cou,ltla wna witboutfood/or U hours or more in the six-molrthperiod following the proiram's end. Priva/£ eq,ergmcy service providers report an escalaJing dmum1l for food in all� grophk areas.

rr, The number of former recipients going without food for a day or more since the elimination of GA is excessive in all regions but is especially alarming in the cities;

• The rate of utilization of community meal sites by men is nearly double that of women.

FINDING #3: Former GA redpiena have signfkant #wJalth p,ol,le,m, wiJh older ir.dividuab l't'{10Ftq plier� /ems. The number of community-based fO'Vke organizatJo,u providing health­rekted servica increased by.ta,bfoBow­ing the dramatic rwfurHott ill GA medical

services; they reported � unable to continue p,ovlding mvices at * � nttdl.d.

• Forty percent of former GA recip­ients reported having to see a doctor within the month prior to the survey, 42% visited an emergency room, and 62% took prescribed medications;

e Hospital emergency rooms were providing more routine care for indigent patients as well as more treatment for poor individuals in the later stages of, untreated illness.

FINDING#�: Lade of transpo11at1on w� a Jignlkont banin to acceuing employmfflt, tlaining and hea/J,J, CQll and to meemr, other basic l'll!lt!tb; 38% of former GA recj,imts rq,ort«l having a driver's licaue and las than 24% had a car that. runs.

The Whole Picture Not Debated

Although the potential impac.t.of cut­backs in the state's emergency assistance, energy and indigent medical care pro­grams drew far less attention during the public debate over the 1991-1992 social services changes than the ebmination of GA, the project found that the with­drawal of $131 million from these pro­grams had a profound impact on former GA participants, on thousands of fam­ilies, and on community charities.

Between 1991 and 1992, state expendi­tures fo1 emergeru,,-y asmstance were re­duced by 69%, energy assistance by 64% and indigent medical care by 79%, ac­cording to the report. The substantial and simultaneous reductions made in these supplemental assistance programs resulted in former GA recipients being stripped of virtually all assistance, and emergency services being withheld from a large number of families as well. Between 1987 and 1991, an ave1age of 58,000 families each year were assigned through the state's Emergency Needs Program:; only 15,000 were assisted in 1992 under the more restrictive State Emergency Relief program which took its phwe.

In its conclusion, the report notes that

8 • Poverty & Race e Vol. 2, No. 5 • September/October 1993

supporters of the deep cuts of 1991 presented them as necessary to the state's struggle to focus adequate public re­sources on poor families with children. Not even the most vocal opponents of the cuts could have predicted that the changes would cany so much harm for those same Michigan families the ending of GA was purportedly designed to help.

The Study's Impact

In the FY 1994 appropriations process for the Department of Social Services, the League was invited to present its findings on the effects of 1991 reductions before the Social Services Subcommittee of the Michigan House Appropriations Committee. An extended discussion was held on the health status of the popula­tion at risk after GA ended and the difficulties experienced by former recip­ients in meeting the stringent eligibility requirements for State Disability Assis­tance (SDA)-the replacement program for GA recipients with serious health problems. As a result of the League's presentation and subsequent discussion, it appears that the SDA criteria-which represent a more difficult standard than is used for Social Security and SSI Disability-may be relaxed.

Thestudyandtheextenswemedra coverage it generated, combined with a i;tatewide conference devoted to the study's findings and a summit of Michigan's overwhelmed private emer­gency services providers, have kept the discomfort level regarding GA termina­tion high among policy makers and the general public.

Inquiries from advocacy groups, policy makers and the media in other states have been numerous; most are from states that are considering tennination of benefits to their "able-bodied" citizens in need. The league staff has been able to use the study's findings to dispel the perception that little harm was done in Michigan in October 1991.

*****

All who worked on the study shared a strong sense that the full impact of these

(Please tum to page JO)

Commentary ..

The lead article in the July-August P&R was an extensive excerpt from a new Ford Foundation report, Changing Relations: Newcomers and Established Residents in U.S. Communities. We asked two activists from immigrant/refugee advocacy groups to offer comments on the report.

Needed: More Emphasis on Politics

by Cathi Tactaquin

When I first read Changing Rela­tions, I found myself pleasantly surprised that I could actually agree with most of the assessment and recommendations. The report's emphasis on '"intergroup cooperation" versus just �harmonizing" relations that never re�y address the sources of conflict between new and old residents is a good, basic approach to social change. At the same time, I was disappointed that the report, based on research launched in 1987, could not capture the incredible surge of tension and antagonism surrounding the issue of immigration today, especially over the last few months. In particular, the report does not adequately deal with the overt political maneuvering taking place among various forces over this issue­the rising influence of conservative, tacist and restrictionist voices, through the media and directly with policy makers, and "official" scapegoating of immigrants for', local, state and national economic problems. Any attempt to foster inter­group relations today wi11 face a dan­gerous tide of racially-motivated nativism and official policies further delineating "us" from "them."

The main thrust of the report-that we need more opportunities for positive interaction between new and established residents-is very important and, indeed, bears on public opinion. Most surveys have shown that when established resi­dents are asked questions about immi­gration in the abstract, the answers ap­pear much harsher than when people are asked questions concerning their Qwn interaction with immigrants in their communities. I would emphasize 01

introduce to the listed opportunities for shared interaction a few more important areas: unions, ethnic-based political and community organization&, churches, and civil rights oiganizations.

A significant vclricle for advancing intergroup relations should be unions, where historically people of various races and nationalities have come together for their common good. Of course, unions toddy have declined in members and influence, and many_ � not very well integrated racially. But it is also true that some unions have increased their organ­izing among immigrant workers, and in many areas workplaces and unions are about the only places where people come

into contact with someone of a different race or nationality. The potential cer­tainly exists for unions to be an important source of interaction and common em­powerment, where the comm�>n eco­nomic interests of immigrants and estab­lished residents are on the table.

The report seems to imply that in talking about .. established residents" we are generally talking about the estalr lished white or non-immigrant-com­munity residents. For the most part, however, the established residents that many newcomers encounter are people of the same national or ethnic heritage, especially as newcomers move into or

(P/eme tum to [J<lge JO)

Where Do We Go From Here?

by Julie Quiroz

Changing Relations is a breath of fresh air at a time when the media, Congress, and the Administration­egged on by a small group of racist xenophobes-are faHing over them­selves to proclaim their opposition to immigrants and refugees. At a minimum, the findings help remove "intergi�up tensions" from the ever-growing list of soda

r

an<f

ec-onomic probl�ms that Americans are blaming on immigrants. Changing Relations concludes, after years of careful observations in eight different communities, that diversity is an opportunity, not a threat.

Nonetheless, Changing Relations recognizes that even opportunities

present challenges. "Immigration has changed the racial and ethnic composi­tion of community authority and power,,. they find, and added "new complexity to inequality." While immigration by itself does not create clas8dist:inctions between race and ethnic groups, "it can add to and sometimes exacerbate them."

The Community Innovations Project

The National Immigration Forum began its Community Innovations project in response to these challenges. Community Innovations is a year-long

(Please tum to page 13)

September/October 1993 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 • 9

PRRAC HAS MOVED11 See box page 1 for new address

(NEEDED: Contitmedjrom page 9)

near established neighborhoods. An important bridge between new

and existing residents are the more established immigrants and the second and third generation U .S.-bom members of immigrant-based communities. They often still live in the same neighborhoods and attend the same schools and churches. They may interact in the same community organizations, although in some communities new immigrants are not included in these groups or may be excluded. These organizations should be :=noouraged to be inclusive in their mem­bership, to adapt to new populations, to be bi-lingual and bi-culturally sensitive, etc. They can be key to easing transitions, to articulating new community needs and concerns, and to working to empower future members of the com­munity. Similarly, churches may be vehicles for encouraging intergroup relations.

The relative silence of civil rights or­ganizations about attacks on immigrants today may bespeak a particular problem

· within the civil rights community itself­that these organizations themselves are still "separate," representing the estab­lished but not the new residents. There have certainly already been tensions, particularly over perceived conflicts between African-Americans and new immigrants over job opportunities. Anti­immigrant organizations such as the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) have recently sought to exploit this issue with radio ad campaigns appealing to the African-American community to support a moratorium on immigration. But there certainly seems to be a willingness to address the tensions. The NAACP, after consider­able debate, agreed to support repeal of employer sanctions, the controversial 1986 provision outlawing the hiring of undocumented immigrants, noting that any discrimination is intolerable. New president Rev. Benjamin Chavis is also reaching out to Latino and Asian communities to join the NAACP-a step which I believe is the kind of aggressive leadership needed to help

unify-not just mediate-constitu­encies that are a target of the renewed nativist campaign.

I certainly endorse the Changing Rela­tions project recommendations against "get tough" immigration policies, for an extension of legalization, and consider­ation of local voting rights to permanent residents ( all residents, regardless of status, may already vote in some school district and other local elections). But these recommendations are, in the end, hotly contested political issues and will need much more than public festivals if they ever are to gain credibility even as a proposal. We will have to fight for opportunity and equality in many

(MICHIGAN: C<>111inuedfrompage8)

social service costs on individuals, families and communities is not yet known.

The impact on the state's local economies of the tennination of General Assistance is tantamount to losing 24,000 minimum-wage jobs. This fallout from the reduction in dollars circulating in the local economy will be disproportionately felt in Michigan's old manufacturing communities-where housing is cheaper, where an abundance of poor people and people of color reside. and where many tens of thousands of well-paying manu­facturing jobs disappeared over the last decade. depressing their economies and eroding their tax base.

If cities are programmed to be the poorhouses for the state's metropolitan areas-as is believed by many thoughtful observers-stripping jobless individuals of all direct and supplemental state aid will inexorably push that proce� along.

A large number of housing units will likely be abandoned and will come off the property tax roUs in urban and rural areas as a result of terminating GA­further eroding the local communities' tax base and their ability to provide essential services.

The full health effects on 82,000 indi­viduals of increased homelessness, inad­equate nutrition, diminished employa-

10 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 • September/October 1993

spheres. We will need bold political leadership, common commitment, and resources. The Changing Relations proj�--t has made some sound recom­mendations, and I hope that the philan­thropic community is listening. We need to build bridges, and to unify our population on the basis of opportunity and equality for all in this global era of unparalleled economic change and democratization.

Cathi Tactaquin is the Director of the National Network For Immigrant And Refugee Rights in Oakland, Cali­fornia.

bility, and growing social isolation are also yet to be discovered-their costs yet to be calculated.

Finally, the long-term impact on children and families of the social services downsizing of 1991 is more than worrisome, given the deteriorating status of Michigan's children in the last decade.

The upfront costs of the 1991 "social experiment" are being shifted to the individuals, families, local municipalities and private helping agencies, which are trying to pick up the pieces. Where the long-term costs will be borne is uncertain, but all indications are that they will be high.

Beverley McDonald is the Executive Director of the Michigan uague for Human Services. Copies of the report are available from the League for $10 (300 N. Washington Square, #401, Lmsing, MI, 48933, 517/487-5436).

SEND SASE

(52') FOR A

1• LlST OF PRRAC

GRANTS TO DATE.'

Meet the PRRAC Board of Directors (Part 6)

Gary Delgado

GARY DELGADO·s background embraces both activism and analytical work. His activist work includes found­ing and directing the Center for Third World Organizing {CTWO), a national network of organizers of color. Prior to his work with CTWO, Delgado worked as the lead organizer for New York Welfare Rights, was one of the original organizer!\i of ACORN, and was a training consultant to the AFlrCI O's organwlr training institute. His ana1ytical work is a direct outgrowth of his activism. He has published numerous articles on immigrant rights, community organizing and leadersbip development, anp his doctoral dissertation, an analytical history of ACORN, was published by Temple University Press. He is currently a Scholar in Residence at the Institute for the Study of Social Change at UC Berkeley and Director of the Applied Research Center in Oakland, which provides issue and target anal}'sis to community organiz.ations.

ROBERT GREENSTEIN is Director of the DC-based Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, established in 1981 to analyze federal and state budget and policy issues affecting low­and moderate-income Americans. In 1979-80, he served as Administrator of

Rohen Greenstein

the Food and Nutrition Service of the US Dept. of Agriculture. Earlier he worked at the Community Nutrition Institute. His undergraduate degree is from Harvard, and he has done graduate work at the Univ. ofCalif.-Berkeley. His articles appear in the NY Tunes, Wash. Post, LA Times and other publications, and he is a frequent guest on The Mac Neill/ Lehrer News Hour, Good Morning, America, CBS Evening News and other TV and radio talk shows.

Elizabeth Julian

ELIZABETH JULIAN is a civil rights lawyer in private practice in Dallas, specializing in housing desegregation and voting rights litigation. She is a former lawyer for legal services programs

in Dallas and East Texas, former Executive Director of Legal Services in North Texas, and founder and Acting Director of the Texas Lawyers' Com­mittee for Civil Rights Under Law. She serves on the Texas Supreme Court's Gender Bias Task Force, and is an Adjunct Professor at Southern Method­ist Univ. School of Law teaching courses in civil rights. She has a B.A. in political science from the Univ. of Texas with a J.D. from the Univ. of Texas School of Law.

William (Bill) Tamayo

WILLI.AM {BILL) TAMAYO is the Managing Attorney for the Asian Law C,aucus, a public-interest law office in San Francisco, where he has worked since 1979. His BA is from S.F. State Univ. and his law degree is from the Univ. of Calif., Davis. His main areas of activity are immigrant and refugee right5, employment discrimination, and voting rights. He serves on the boards of the Natl. Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (Chairperson; 1986-1993), and the Asian American Health Forum. He formerly served on the board of the ACLU of No. Calif., and was a Natl. Vice-President of the National Lawyers Guild and President of Filipinos for Affirmative Action.

September/October 1993 � ·Poverty & Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 a 11

PRRAC HAS MOVEDII See box page 1 for new address

(DEMOCRACY Cominuedfrompoge 4)

liberate ourselves from the political, cul­tural and ideological restraints that deny us our rights as Americans and free human beings.

What else is multicultural democracy? Multicultural democracy includes a powerful economic vision that is centered on the needs of human beings. We each need to go out into the com­munity and begin hammering out an economic vision of empowerment that gr� roots people can grasp and under­stand and use. We need to break the media monologues that talk at us through the TV and begin tallcing with one another in the terms of our practical life experiences.

What kinds of questions should we raise? Is it right for a government to spend billions and billions for bailing out fat cats who profited from the savings and loan scam while millions of jobless Americans stand in unemployment lines desperate for work? b it fair that .billions of our dollars are allocated for the Pentagon's permanent war economy to obliterate the lives of millions of poor people from Panama to Iraq to Grenada to Vietnam, while two million Americans sleep in the streets and 37 million Amer­icaru; lack any form of medical coverage? ... Is it a democracy that we have when we have the right to vote but no right to a job? Is it a democracy when people of color have the freedom to starve, the f�om to live in housing without ade-­quate heating facilities, the freedom to attend substandard schools? Democracy without social justice, without human rights, without human dignity is no democracy at a1L

We can unite by pooling our resources and energies around progressive projects designed to promote greater awareness and protest among national communities of people of color .... We could initiate "Freedom Schools, "liberation academies that identify and nurture young women and men with an interest in community­based struggles-a curriculum that teaches young people about their own protest leaders, which reinforces their identification with our collective cultures

of resistance, and which, deepens our solidarity by celebrating rather than stifling our cultural differences. The new majority must build progressive research institutes, bridging the distance between activists, community organizers and progressive intellectuals who provide the policies and theoretical tools useful in the empowerment of grassroots constitu­encies and national communities.

Finally, we must infuse our definition of politics with a common sense of ethics and spirituality that challenges the s� tures of oppression, power and privilege within the dominant social order. Part of the historic strength of the Black Free­dom Movement were the deep connec­tions between political obj�'1.ives and ethical prerogatives. This connection gave the rhetoric of Frederick Douglass, So­journer Truth, W.E.B. Du Bois, Paul Robeson and Fannie Lou Hamer a clear vision of the moral ground that was si.J:nultaneously particular and universal. It spoke to the uplifting of African Americans, but its humanistic imperative continues to reach far further.

Multicultural democracy must per­ceive itself in this historic tradition, as a critical project that transforms the larger society. We must place humanity at the center of our politics. It is not sufficient that we assert what we are against; we must affinn what we are for. It is not sufficient that we declare what we want to overturn, but what we are seeking to rebuild, in the sense of �ring humanity and humanistic values to a system that is materialistic, destructive to the environ­ment and abusive to fellow human beings. We need to enact policies that say that the people who actually produce society's wealth should control how it is used.

The moral bankruptcy of contem­porary American society is found, in part, in the vast chasm that separates the oonditions of ntilterial well _b_eing, afflu­ence, power and privilege of a small elite from the whole spectrum of America's communities. The evil in our world is politically and socially engineered, and its products are poverty, homelessness, illiteracy, political subservience, race dis­crimination and gender discrimination. The old saying from the sixties-we

12 • Puverty & Race • Vol. 2. No. 5 • September/October 1993

either are part of the solution or part of the problem-is simultaneously moral, cultural, economic and political ... We cannot be disinterested observers as the physical and spiritual beings of millions of people are colle,.,'iively crushed.

Can we believe in certain inalienable rights that go beyond Jefferson's termi­nology of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness""r What about the inalienable right not to go hungry in a land of agricultural abundance? The right to· de­cent housing? The human right to free public medical care for all? The human right to an adequate income in one's old age? ...

If we can achieve such a democracy, if we can believe in the vision of dynamic democracy in which all human beings, women and men, Latinos, Asian Ameri­cans, Native Americans, come to t.erms with each other, we can perhaps begin to achieve Martin Luther Kmg, Jr.'s vision when he said, "We shall overcome."

Manning Marable has just been ap­pointed Professor of History and Political Sdence and Director of th£ lnstitu:Je for Research in African American Studies at Columbia University. He has writen a biography of Malcolm X and Common Courage Press has released his most recent book. The Crisis of Color and Democracy. His column, "Along The Color Line, " appears in more than 170 periodicals in the United States and abroad.

Reprinted with permission from Black

America: Multicultural Democracy in the Age of Clarence Thomas, David Duke and the LA Uprising, Open Magazine Pamphlet Series (June 1992), PO Box

2726, Westfield, NJ070'Jl, 908/789-9608. Among other titles in the series are "Columbus. The Indians, and the Myth of Human Progress, "by Howard Zinn: "On Malcolm X." by Manning Marabk: and "L.A. Was Just the Beginning" and "Urban Control: Beyond Bladerunner­The Ecology of Fear," both by Mike Davis. Pamphlets are $4 each ($3.50 if you mention you are a P&R subscriber), with a $35 subscription price (students: $30) to receive 10 pamphlets as they appear.

(WHERE: Continuedfrompage 9)

effort to find out what we and others should do to address intergroup dy­namics in high-immigration commun­ities. Like the Changing Relations re­searchers, we believed that "it is not enough to simply try to negotiate group differences" and that "common proj� should address community conditions, such as housing, education. and recrea­tion." 1be question for us was, how?

We decided to start by seeking out "common projects" in communities in W�hington, DC, Los Angeles, New Yorlc, and Chicago. Our goal was to find out: (I) where immigrants and non­immigrants are joining forces in com­munity action, (2) what issues and strat­egies such action involves, and (3) what these issues and strategies mean for other communities and for the development of programs and policies.

Promising Community Initiatives

Although we are only half-way through the project. we �ve discovered a variety of different community initia­tives in which both immigrants and non-immigrants are participating. These include:

e A coalition in Chicago in which two neighboring communities---0ne predom­inantly African American and one pre­dominantly Latino--0rganized to work with young g� to decrease violent crime.'.

& A women's orgaruzation in Los Angeles in which Chicanas held meetmgs and focus groups with recent immigrant Latinas to develop plans for a multi­service women's housing project.

e A tenants group in suburban Wash­ington, DC, in which African American and Latlno residents organiz.ed to secure quality affordable housing in their an:a.

i, A Los Angeles project----<X>-5pon­sored by a Korean organization and an African American/ Latino organiza­tion-in which Asian, Latino, and African American youth developed a graffiti-removal service.

Overall, we are finding that a broad range of issues-including economic de-

velopment, housing, youth, and educa­tion-bring immigrants and 11on-immi­grants together in action. Most of the initiatives we have found are coalitions or organizations in one geographic com­munity. Although most of these groups are not seeking intergroup harmony as their goal, the vast majority arc grappling with intergroup issues in the context of their work. Most of the initiatives we are looking at are quite grassroots, and while ost of the leaders are people of color, only a small number are recent immi­grants themselves.

Questions and Conclusions

Through our observations and discus­sions with these local initiatives, we are uncovering important questions regard­ing resources, policies, coalitions, and leadership development For example:

• Resomces: How do foundation grants designed to address particular community issues serve to ease/ disrupt the ability of groups to work together?

• Policies: How do the policies and programs of city government depart­ments (housing, community develop­ment, recreation, human relations, etc.) serve to ease/ disrupt the ability of groups to work togethet1 Can these policies and programs be evaluated in terms of their intergroup impact?

• C�om: What are the specific issues and concerns of immigrants that multi-group initiatives and agendas need to address? What opportunities do immi­grant-focused organizations have to build bridges with other groups and reduce anti-immigrant sentiment?

� Let.de.-sbip: What support do the leaders of these local initiatives need?

We've Received Several Excellent Syllabi for Race

& Poverty Courses. Please $end Us Yours, and We'll

Make Them

LAvallable Shortly.

How can their individual leadership be transformed into larger iocal and federal leadership?

Community Innovations is also forcing� to think about a broad range of domestic social policies-such as community economic development, housing, and health care-that fall

outside the traditional realm of '"immi­gration issues." In short, we are coming to believe that federal social policy re­forms will not work without an under­standing of immigrants and their com• munities.

Jul� Quiroz directs the Community lnnovatwns project, which will rel.ease its first-year report in the Spring of 1994. 11,e National Immigration. Refugee, & Citizenship Forwn is a coalition of over 200 organizations committed to immi­grants' rights, refugee protection, and strong diverse communities,

. . i

Sept./Oct. PRRAC Network Supplement

- - · Because we will be producing a roster of all 5.,0t.10+ people in the PRRAC Network (in response to your in� in this resource), we are not printing a Network update in this issue of P&R.

.·,., .. .= : .. :. ' ;')"'• :.

September/October 1993 " Poverty & Race • Vol 2, No. 5 • 13

PRRAC Update

5,000+ NOW: With the entry of Kathleen Brown of the Univ. of Illinois Macomb Extension Center, the PRRAC Network passed the 5,0-� mark. We do plan to do a roster-likely on disc as well as in print; work on it will start in the Fall

BOARD NEWS: Bill Tamayo has been awarded a

Charles Bannerman Fellowship, honor­ing outstanding activists of color and giving them the opportunity to reflect on their work and renew themselves for the work ahead, via a three-month paid sabbatical.

Bill Taylor recently was recipient of the first Thurgood Marshall Award for Public 'service from the District of Columbia Bar Association.

Ron Ellis has been 8.!)pointed a US Magistrate in NYC and will be leaving the NAACP Legal Defense & Educa­tional Fund.

Florence Roisman will, as noted in the June-July P&R, be teaching full time at the Georgetown Law Center, but, con­trary to what was noted there, will not still be directing the Washington Office of the Natl Housing Law Project (al­though she will continue to do work there); David Bryson, a staff attorney in the Law Project's main Oakland office, has moved to DC to direct the DC office for a year.

PRRAClS FALL BOARD

MEETING is scheduled forNov.21-22 in DC.

ASSI.STANT DIREC"fOR APPO! NTE D: We're happy to announce that Joe Lucero will fill our new Assistant Director position, and will begin work in mid-September. He comes to us from the National Asian Pacific

American Legal Consortium, and pre­viously worked for Asian Neighborhood Design and the.Asian Law Caucus in SF. He holds a BA from the Univ. of Cali­fornia-Berkeley and works with the Gay Asian Pacific Islander Network and the Lambda Defense &. Educ. Fund. Welcome, Joe!

FORD, KELLOGG GRANTS: We're delighted to report that The Ford Foundation has renewed its grant to PRRAC-$250,000 over a two-year period-with the funds directed to one of our new areas of concentration: the re­lationship between school desegregation and housing desegregation.

And we're equally delighted to have a new source of support: The Kellogg Foundation, which has awarded us $60,000 to produce directories of academic resources useful to community groups in the four cities where we\re held

(DISCRIMIN4.T/ON: Continuedfrompage 6)

Handbook. This attitude by employers presumably would have coDSiderable im­pact on "new and improved" employer sanctions proposals, such as establish• ment of a "secure" national identification card. With these kinds of employer belief�, regardless of "secure" identifica­tion provided, immigrant and other minority workers are likely to be considered risky employees and denied a fair chanre for a job.

The survey findings certainly support the need to repeal the employer sanctions provision of IRCA, not to continue en­forcement. At the same time, the survey shows the need for more attention to enhancement and enforcement of labor and other anti-discrimination laws, to curtail and eliminate all forms of em­ployer discrimination.

l4 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 2. No. 5 • September/October 1993

local activist-researcher meetings to date: Boston, Chicago, LA and SF.

Work will begin shortly on these directories. The Boston project will be undertaken by a team from the Univ. of Mass. College of Public & Community Service ( contact Michael Stone, 617 / 287-7264); the Chicago project by the Policy Research Action Group at Loyola Univ. (contact: Phil Nyden, 312/508-3468); the LA project by a team at Occi­dental College's International & Public Affairs Ctr. (contact: Manuel Pastor, 213/259-2849); the SF project by a joint team from the Public Research Inst. of SF State Univ. and the Applied Research Ctr. ( contact: Richard Del.eon, 415 / 338-7526).

We plan to hold more meetings of this type in other cities in the near future, and, hopefully, produce similar local direc­tories; let us know if you would like to help us organize one in your city.

follow-up Advocacy Work

The final report of the survey will be sent to policy makers, civil rights organi-1.ations, unions and other groups, as well as to the media. Advocates will use the survey results to argue against continu­ation of the failed employer sanctions experiment President Clinton recently renewed interest in employer sanctions by announcing that he will strengthen sanctions enfon:ement, relying on exist­ing mechanisms to deter undocumented immigration, rather than endorsing more extreme measures, such as those pro­posed by California Governor Pete Wilson, However, the survey results indicate that even increased employer education and the addition of a new "secure" national identification card cannot remedy the levels of prejudice and purposeful discrimination by em-

ployers against '.'foreign-looking" or "-sounding" workers.

Some information from the survey has already been made public during the current frenzy over immigration Media activities on the survey findings will be organized nationally and in e ach of the four participating cittes upon publication

of the final report. Because the survey is one of the most current stm1ies of the impact of employer sanctions, a prelimi­nary report has also already been pro­vided to various government bodies looking into the impact of employer sanctions.

Cathi Tactaquin is Director of the National Network For Immigrant And Refugee Rights (310 8th St., #307, Oak­land, CA 94{i()7, 510/465-1984). The final version of the National Employer Survey Project will be available shortly; contact the Natwno.l Network/or order­

ing information.

Resources

SA.SE= Self Addressed Stamped &lvelope

Race/Racism

• The Coalition for Hwcan rnpity (PO Box 40344, Portland, OR 972AO, 503/281-5823) provides reports on major figures and trends in the white supremacist movement and the religious right. The Dignhy Report is their new b1-weekly newsletter; $35 / year indivs., $50 comm. orgs., $100 insts.

e "Retbinling Race" is a special double issue (Spring-Summer 1993, vol 20, nos. 1-2) of the quarterly Social Justice: A Joumal of Crime, Conflict & World Order. The 193-page volume contains 19 articlcs.,t90 numerous to cite, all of which look interesting and valuable. $15 (one-year subs are $30, $75 for institu-tious), from PO Box 40601, SF, CA 94140.

$ "Diversity & Governance: Cbsnging Populatiom & the Future of Ctties and Towns" is a 24-page 1991 report from a Natl. League of Cities Advisory Council chaired by Manhattan Borough Pres. Ruth Messinger. No price listed. Contact William Barnes, NLC, 1301 Penn. Ave. NW, Wash.., DC 20004, 202/6'21,-3000.

• PooestrianDutlasaod ihce: Orris Leman of the Inst. for Transportation and the Environment (85 E. Roanoke St, Seattle, WA 98102, 'lOf,/ 322-5463) is interested in locating anyone researching or fighting the disproportionate number of pedestrian deaths among people of color or on low incomes.

• Black Elected Offldalri: The March 1993 Pohtu:al Trendutter, published by the Jt. Ctr. for Pol & Ecort Studies (1090 Vermont Ave. NW, Wash., DC 20005, W2/ 789-3500), has tables with the annual change in number of black elected officials by category of office, l 970-92; number of black elected officials in the US by state and offire, l 992; blacks in state legislatures, 1992; male and fema.lc black elected oflicials, l 970-92; and black mayors of cities with populations over 50,000. Copies of the 4-page insert available from us with a SASE.

• "'Oriental: Th:ir Wonl, Not Oun" is a short article from the CAAAV[Comm. �t Anti-Asian Violence] Voice. discussing the history of the term and distingwshing it from "Asian-American." Yows from us with a SASE.

e � Lists for Minority Organizatiom:GarrettPark Press (PO Box l 90, Garrett

Park, MD 20895, 301/946- testing or \18lllg a "12-Step" 2553) has available a label set approach. "Anything from the of the 8700 national, regional 'I'm a recovering racist' and local organizations listed approach to a more multi-in its directory, Minority faceted approach to 'wealth Organizations. $490 for o� addiction,• not unlike that time rental use. suggested by Philip Slater."

She's reachable at 5625 12th � HONOR Digest is the Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98105, newsletter of Honor Our '106/ 527-4154. Neighbors' Origins and Rights, a national Native American • "Facing Racial and Cultural organi7.ation: 2647 N. Stowell ConfJict: Tools for Rebullciing Ave., Milwaukee, WI 532II, Community" is a handbook 414/963-1324 providing community leaders

with an assortment of tools to If "Race & Poverty" is a help channel intergroup con-Special Issue (vol. 27, no. 40) flict in productive directions. of The Ckaringhowe Review $20 from the Program for (107 pp., $6). Included aie Community Problem Solving, artK:les by PRRAC Board 915 15th St. NW #600, Wash., members john powcll {"Race DC 20005, 202/783-2961. & Povmy: A New Focus for Legal Services; aod F1orence 4' The Center for Voting and Romnan ("Housing Mobility Dll:IDOCIKy (formerly Citizens and Life Opportuni�." for Proportional Representa-written with Hilary Botein), as tion) advocates for democratic well as aruclcs on special alternatives to "winner-take-education,;racial bias in all" votmg.systems (especially provision of legal services to timely in light of the Supreme the poor, a "discrimination Court's .recent ruling against tax" in the marketplace, race "racial gerrymandering'" in NC discrimination in the health and tho-Lani Guinicr contro-cat e system, and lending vcrsy): The Center's Advisory discrimination. Board includes Univ. Conn.

law prof. {and PRRAC -o "J.2..�" Appl'O&dt to grantee) John Brittain, Mel Racism: Cynthia Letts King, Arthur IGnoy, Dolores Adcock. who works for an Huerta and Manning Marable anti-poverty organization and (author of the lead article in teaches at Antioch Univ. this issue of P&R), suggesting Seattle, asks whether anyone how important the issue is for has done research and/ or adequate representation of advocacy/ education work on people of color. They're at the issues of poverty and race, 6905 Fifth St. NW #1iXl,

September/October 1993 • Poverty & 'Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 • 15

PRRAC HAS MOVEDJI See box page 1 for new addr111

Wash., DC .20012, 202/88� 7378.

s OnJ Hiltory & Divmlty: The Oral History Ctr. (186 1/2 Hampshire St., Cambridge, MA 02139, 617/661-8288) offers training and consulting for education, community and cultural organizations, using oral history to develop healthy communities by understanding diversity.

� 1beM�US Comortimn for Academic Coopention was recently established to provide a base for collaboration between Hispanic research and academic institutions in the US and Mexico on binational issues of common interest. Their newsletter is Comimica Horizons and they're reachable at the Julian Samora Research Inst., Mich. St. U , 216 Erickson Hall, E _ Lansing, MI 48824, 517/336-1317.

• "Ec:ual Employment Rights for Fedensl Employ•" (25

pp., Aug. 1993) has just been released by the US UJmmn. on Civil Rights. The report supports pending C.Ongres­sional legislation that significantly strengthens the system that � mpposed to assure Federal employees a fair and equitable means of resolving <hscrinnnation complaints. Free from the Natl. Oearinghouse library at tte Commission, 624 9th St NW, Wash., DC 20425, 7!>2/ 376-8128.

• Southern Sttlall Town Ghettos: A NY Tunes front­page feature (8/21/93) titled "Deep South and Down Home, But It's a Ghetto All the Same, ... by Peter Applebome, describes '"a bitter epilogue to integration. Small towns that wen: once economically stable and racially mixed are be.coming pockets of poverty and over­whelmingly black-75 to 100 percent so." We'll send a copy with a SASE.

• Ethoidty and. ... : The Univ. of Wisconsm­Milwaukce's Inst on Race & Ethnicity and the UW System American Ethnic Studies C.Oord Comm. have prodw:ied a series of annual volumes with the beginning title .Elhnicity and . . . The subjects are, respectively: _ . . Public Polu:y (1982); . .. War (1984); - . . Law and the Social Good (1983); .. . Hed!th (1988); .. . Language (1987); ... Women (1986); .. . Th£ Work Force (1985); also, American Indians: Social Justice and Public Policy (1991) and Race. 20th c:entury Dilemma-21st

Century Prognoses (1989). Ordering inf. from the UJmm., Mitchell Hall #103, Univ. Wisc., PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201.

Poverty/Welfare

ca "State of :.Hispanic America: Towmi II Latino Anti--Pol'e:ty �" by Sonia Perez and Demire Martinel (43 pp., July 1993), is available ($7.50) from the Natl. Council of La RlWl, 810 First St. NE #300, Wash., DC 20002, 202/289-1380.

� The Worlia& Group oo Welfare Reform, F amDy Support and lndependenee, the Admirustration's entity in charge of wclf.are reform legislabon, is open to thoughts and suggestions on welfan: reform and has available some imtial maserials. They're also holding pubhc forums around the countcy. Several have almuly taken place, in Chicago, DC and NJ. Calif. is scheduled for Oct. 9, Tenn. for Oct. 28. Inf. from the Working Group, 370 L 'Enfant Promenade SW #600, Wash., DC20047.

0 -,Jnderstandiq Lat!oo Poverty" {39 pp.) and "Competing Explanations of Latino Poverty: Immigration, the Underclass and labor Market Disadvantages� (5 pp.) are recent publications by Edwin Melendez, Director of the Mauricio Guton Inst for

16 • Poverty & Race " Vol. 2, No. 5 e Septem�r/October 1993

Latino Comm. Dev. & Public Policy, at the Univ. of Ma<JS.­Boston (100 Morrissey Blvd., 'Boston, MA 02125-3393).

� !'overty Guidelina'. wrhe Development & History of the Poverty Thresholds,., by Gordon Fuher (a Program Analyst at HHS), appeaml in the Wmter 1992 issue of Soc.ial Security IAdletm. We'll send a copy of the 12-page 3J1iclc with a SASE (52i). FJSbcr also answers inquiries about the guidelines. (202/ �-0-6141 ).

I:} Chic.zo Povety Studiell: "A Profile of Chicago's Poverty & Related Conditions," by Rebecca London & Deborah Puntcnney (43 pp., May 19113); "A Review of C.Omprehensive, CQllaborative PeISistent Poverty Initiatives," by Nancy Fishman & Mcmlith Phillips (29 pp., June 1993); and "Caught in the Act of Doing Somethmg Worthwhile," by Christine George & Susan Lloyd (35 pp., June 19113), are available (no prices liste.d) from the Northwestern Univ. Ctr. on Urban Affaiis & Policy Research, 2040 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, 708/491-3395.

<?> "The Crim of . .\meriml W6n: mun, Thalal, b1oun:M, "by Stanley Carlson-Thies (29 pp., Jan. 1993), is one of several documents on the subject produced by the Center for Public Justice, which "draws together ordinary citizens, sdlolan, government officials, and leaders from all walks of life who want to promote a more just society. What holds the team together is its Omstian vision of life, including political and legal n:alittes." Contact James SkJlle:n, Dir., 321 8th St NE, Wash.., DC 20002, '1JJ2/546--0489.

Community Organizing

s •A Votce m: City lid: How NYC\� Wcm and Wmt Your Community Can Do Aboal 1t," by Anne Pasmanick and John Broderick, is a just-published 23-page manual for low--­inrome groups involved in budget advocacy work. $3 from the UJmm. Tmg. & Resource Qr., 47 Ann St., NYC, NY 10038, 212/964-7200.

o "CDBG storieG: An Orpri,mgMmlual"is an illustrated 70-pags:: set of case­studies, $15 to subscriben of Targeting 1inw, $25 to others, from the C-oal. for Low-Inc. Comm. Dev., 513 N. Chapel Gate Ln., Balt., MD 21229, 410/945-2835. They also have a SO-page National CDBG Resource Directory, SlO to subscriben, $20 to others.

9 The Olpmze Tmning Ceata (Mike Miller, Director), now in its 20th year, has available it� 1992 Annual Report: 442A Vicksburg, SF, CA 94114, 415/821-6180.

e "Womm ()rpda?I: A ._nnfn& Coltection of .Reft.rearu & Ra.ourca" (30+ pp., $S) and "Women on the Advance· Rigbligbts of a Natl. C'.onf on Women & Otganiz­ing" (40 pp., $5) are available from the :Educ. Ctr. for Comm Orgaruzing, Hunter UJll School of Soc. Wk., 129 E. 79 St., NYC, NY 10021, 212i45�7112. They also have a 25-mmute video, "Women, Orgamzin.g & Diversity," about the � an4 s�. pf 50 women organizers from � the country who met in Feb. 1989 to disam strategies for progressive social change in the 1990s. $35.

ti' Mobilluni tw COit�: Loa/ PolilJt:s 6'tl.Ero o/dte Global City, eds. Robert FJSher & Joseph Kling (1993), is available ($21.95) from Sage Pubs., 2455 Teller Rd., Tholl.Wld Oalcs, CA 91320, 805/499-9774. Included is a chapter by PRRAC Board member Guy Delgado on People United for Better Oalc1and, plus c.11e studies of Tucson, El Paso, SF, and M8118Chusetts.

Criminal Justice

• PriMJn Abolftion: Tiyo Attallah Sa1ah-El (AY-2414 Drawer K, Dallas, PA 18612) asks to be put in touch with folks interested in the abolition of prisons.

19 The Pmsrling From Pri1on Prop-am helps incarcerated women and their� deal with separation and prepare for reunion. Contact The Parent Ctr., 6100 W. 12 St. #5, little Rede, AR 72204, SO l / 666-6833.

It Puerto Ricalll/Latinoa in Crimlnd Jllltice Project (Migdalia De.Jesus-Tones, Dir.) is a mearch, publications.. training, public policy and community ouueach center, at the John Ja)' College of Criminal Justice. 445 W. 59 St, 3235N, NYC, NY 10019, 212/237-8748 ..

•AID$1nPfflOII.Pro/td New,l,&r (premier isaue May 19113) and Out of Silmtt, the newsletter of the Women in Jail and Prison Project, are available from the Correctional Assn. of NY, 135 E. IS St., NYC, NY 10003, 212/254-5700.

Economic/ Community Development

• "The Failed C.ue for NAFl'A: The Ten Moat COIIIIDOD Clliml for tire N.

�.FneTradeAp-eemmt IOd Wh:r 'l'hef Don't Make S-,"by Jc:ffFaux, ls ajust-telcased 16-paac briefing paper from the Econ. Policy Imt., 1730 Rhode Island Ave. NW #200, Wa&h., DC. 20036, 202/ 775-8810; no price listed.

� 11w CRA Rtpt)d6 i6 published quarterly by the Or. for C:Omm. Oiange, 1000 WISC. Ave. NW, Wash., 0C 20007, 202/342--0567; free to community-based nonprofits, $30/ycar for others.

� CRA H--. are being held by a consortiwn of federal regulators. They've already occuned in DC, San Antonio, LA, Albuquc,que, and NYC; Hcndmon, NC is set for Sept. 15, Chicago for Sept. 22. Inf. from the Natl. Comm. Reinvestment Coal, 1875 Conn. Ave. NW #1010, Wash., DC 2000), 202/986-7898. The C:Oalition alao publishes a quarterly newsletter, ReitrvestmmJ Works.

it "Standina Rmly and Rolin& Empty: Law, Poverty encl AlllfflClt\ ErodlD& indultrW Bue," by Fran Ansley, is a !».page article from the June 19113 Georgetown I.aw J. Possibly available via Prof. Ansley, Univ. Tenn. Colleg,e of Law, 1505 W, Ounbedaod Ave., Knoxville, TN 3�1800, 615/974-4241.

tt "Report oo die Status of Community llmm!umt Ad, Vinnancllleeommlndatiom is a 2-vohmM: examination of CRA enfruoonent, published by the Senate Housing Subcomm. SJ6pcrvolurnc from the Sup. of Documents, Wash., DC»102, 202/783-3238.

@ Southtttn,. Ltlbar -4 Blat:k CivlRigl,a.· Ot;a.it,i,.,,: M-,,1,ls Worbn, by Michael Honey of the Univ. of Wash.• Tacoma (Univ. of Illinois Press, 19113, S17,95), chronicles the industrial union movement from the Depression to the Cold War, providing a context

for understanding Martin Luther King's support of poor peoele and black labor orpnizing in Memphis. Honey is enpeed in followup work on the potential unity of labor and civil rights movements and is establishing a cen1Cr for research and action on multi-cultural educa1ioo at the new Tacoma braocb campus of the Univ. of Wash. He's reachable at the Perkins Bldg, 6th flr., 1103 A St, Tacoma, WA 98402.1JJ6/ 5524450.

s Insurance Rdioin&: HR 1257, The Kenrlidy / Gonzalez. lnsuran0e Consumer Act, modeled after the Home Mortgag,e Disclosure A1:t. provides data on the role of insurance redlining in economic development in low-iucome and minority communities. It's been passed by the Subcomm on Con-sumer Cmiit & Insurance of the House Banking Comm. and support is needed to have the full Coop:ss enact it. Inf. from Matthtw Behren.t/ .

Dcepak Bhargava at ACORN, 202/547-2500 or Allen FJShbcin/ Debbie Goldberg at the Ctr. for Comm Change, 'lJYl./ 342-0567.

• "Tramnadonal IavlllbDent and Job Loa bl Chiaao: lmpu:aan Womm,Africm-Anlllfalll and '4daos, .. by David Ranney and William Cecil (13 pp., Jan. 1993), is a study from the Trade Rescaroh Consortium. cruted to provide oommunity groups and non-govmu:ncntal organil.ations access to useful l'CSC81'Ch available within academia They're Raehabk: at PO Box 80066. Minocapolis, MN 55408, 612/379-5980.

" .. Wlrminc With Tu Reform: The Coonedinlt Stm,, • by Conn. State Rep. Miles Rapoport, appeared in the W-mt.cr 1993 issue of The American Prospect. Contact Rapoport (State Capitol, Rep. MR;210, Hartford, CT 06106) for reprint.

•Minody ...... � and CJt:r Governmeldll: •Minority Business Programs and Disparity Studies: Responding to the Supreme Court's Mandate in Richmond v. Ooson" is a Local Officials Guide published by the Natl league of Cities, 48 pp., 19111, $22, from NLC, 130 l Peon. Ave. NW, Wash., DC 20004, 202/�3000.

111 U--.,loymmt: The NY Unemployed Comm. (Box 102, Bldyn., NY 11217, 718/ 670-7082) bas produced a 32-page booklet on 9etVia:s and programs available to the jobless.

It Whf, Pap'! W1l9 Pro/lll'f The 1n,da About tltt Alfflri:a Tax S,.,,., by Ralph &ta of American Univ. 047 pp., 19113, $8,95), is available from the Inst. for Policy Studies, l�l Conn. Ave. NW, Wash., DC 2.C009, ']JY).J 234-9382.

� "A Gulde to F.afon:inc the C-ommunity Reimamllllt Ad,• by Richard Marsico, is an article from the Fordham

/.aMI J. (vol XX, no 2. 19113, 11s pp.). Marsico is a Clinical Law Prof. at NY Law School, 57 Worth St., NYC. NY 10013, 212/431-2312.

& "The P1J11ia- Nelpborhood (M'trwpoll) IDrmae Satarlffll & Balmce Siled,• by Ken Meter (44 pp. + apps., 1993), otfm an overview of the economy/ financial condition or a single neigh-borhood (census data, tax records, property lilts, financial Stnnrnarieai, ofticial reports), u a starting point for long-term planning. The model is applic.able 'to any nei&bbor-hood. $12 (or $2 for a l�J>8F summary) from Crostaoads Resource Ctr., PO Box 7423, Mpls., MN 5S407, 612/827-3929.

• ComunltJ DeliF Ceaten: A report is available of the 1993 Association for C.Ommuoity Dcmgn confer-ence. Inf. on thae centers,

September/October 1993 • Poverty & Race• Vol. 2, No. S • 17

PRRACHAS

which provide planning and til "Fooer.rJ Edualion Richard Hofricbter (Foreword � • An lnteqme),ldional Cycle design assistance to Propm rm-1imited-F.nxJW!.- by Lois Gibbs), documents the of A.bus: and Nepect" is a new community groups, is available Protk:.imtStudcma:A fast-growing environmental study, from the Inst. for from Rex Cuny, Pratt Inst. BIGeprn iou the S«ond movement led by people of Children & Poverty, on the Ctr. for Comm. & Env. Dev., �� "the Report of the color, women, and low- cycle of abuse and effects of 379 DeKalb Ave., Bklyn., NY Stanford Working Group (68 income, working-class - foster care on homeless 11205, 718/636-3486. pp., 1993), is available (no populations. Contributors families. Available free from

price listed) from �i include Robert Bullard, Homes for the Homeless, 212/ 0 '"'The Joyless Recov.ey: Hakuta, CERAS Bldg., Winona LaDulce, the late 529-5252. Detaiomting Wlilll>& and Job Stanford Univ., Stanfqrd, CA Cesar Cbava. and Medea Quality m the lW..1$," by 943(Y.i,41S/72S-22JO. Benjamin. 272 pp., 1993, i0 ne Ame� Unii¥,-.y Lawrence Mishel & Jared $16.95 from New Society Joumc1 of Gentkr am/ the Bernstein (26 pp., Sept l lJIJ3), �� AIDS arid School B-Oards: Publishers, 4527 Springfield I.aw has published its premier is a briefmg paper from the IOX Assessment Associa.tes Ave., Phila., PA 19143, 215/ issue. Among the articles in Econ. Policy Inst., 1730 Rlmde (5301 Beethoven St. #109, LA, 382-6543. vol. I, no. l are "Discovering Island Ave. NW #200, Wash., CA 90066, 310/822-3275) has Our Connections: Rare and DC 20036, 202/775-8810. $5. available a 15-minute video- F3mnies/Children/ Gender in the Law," by

tape on AIDS education, Women

Margaret Walker Alexander, designed for school boards. and "Racism and .Patriarchy,"

Education $85. Contact them for their by Dorothy Roberts. Annual catalogue of other videotapes. • Foste Cttr!! Ytll'..d.ilJ United subs. are $10 to the journal,

• New .lJ�• i,;i l"ucnt and Nnv Youth Conrll!dio,,s Wash. College of Law, Amer. bmJ!l'elnE..<tt, by Norm 0 Public Educ?Jioi:1 :!'e S1:bool are published by Youth Univ., 4400 Mass. Ave. NW, Fruchter, Anne Galletta and J. Der� The Conn. Communication/NY Center, Wash., DC 20016, 202/885-Lynne White (130 pp., 1992), is legwature reamtly � a bill 144 W. 27 St. #8R, NYC, NY 2645. (PRRAC's Adm. �t., available ($12.95) from the n:quiring every community in 10001, 212/242-3270. The Catherine Dorn, a 2nd year Academy for F.duc. Dev., 1255 the state to discuss dcsegre- • former, its premier issue just law student at AU, is on the 23 St. NW, Wash., DC 20037, gation of public schools across out, to be published monthly Journal staff.) Submissions are 202/862-1900. Also available town lines. Within a year, starting in the fall, is '"the only welcome (including alternative from AED: Leaming Work: towns and cities must draft substantive maga?ine in the pieces such as narratives, Breakmg the Mold in Youth pl.am to improve public countcy written by and for poctzy and artwork). 'Employment Programs, by schools by reducing barriers to teens in foster care." It's free. Alexandra Weinbaum, Vernay opportunity and enhancing The latter is a teen-written • "C1nJtnn & Families in Mitchell and Ruth Weinstock student diversity. Financial general inte1'cst magazine, Citir.:s: � & lhsom-a!s (71 pp., 1992, $8), and New incentives are offered for monthly, $ l0/year. h Local Gownnllellt F.quatiom: The Urban Schools cooperation, but no penalties Oflld:.ls" is a free catalogue Science and MaJhematics are provuied if communities do * lb.) Jmt, for � and from the Natl League of Program, by Elayne Archer not implement plans. (See Povaty,a projectofHomes Cities, 1301 Penn. Ave. NW, (56 pp., 1993, $12.95). story in 6/6/93 NY Times.) for the Homeless, has just Wash., DC 20-:>04, '1JJ2/626-

opened: 36 Coop� Sq., NYC, 3000. Also available is • A Chapter I Reform

Environment NY IC003, 212/5.29-5252. "Familie!"i & Communities," a

Network has been formed. �page 191)2 report by an Contact Sonya Palmore, I.I "Five Mffflon Cbiklrm: NLC Advisory Council No Commn. on Ch 1, c/o • DdmfngSmtaioable UJ3 Uplru,. (!! pp., Aug. price listed. Conw:t William A.A.HE, One Dupont Circle Communitiesis acollaborative 1993) is available ($8) from the Barnes. NLC, 1301 ·Penn. Ave. #360, Wash., DC 20036. project between funders of Natl Ctr. for Chiklren in NW, Wash., DC 20004, Wl/

environmental work and Poverty, 154 Haven Ave., 626-3000. fl "N a!ive F.duclilion community economic develop- NYC, NY 10002, 212/9'Z7-Diredmy,.(81 pp., 1993) and ment practitioners, designed to 8793. The report updates the Iii, "Bffaking Boundmes: "Rural &lucation Directory" incorporate health issues. New Center's 1990 study, using llJIJl Women, Free Tmde • (57 pp., 1993) are available definitions of sustainabic data. Economic l�" from ($12 each) from the ERIC community that address issues the Alternative Women-in-Clearinghouse on Rural F.duc. of :race, family se.curity and the G Guarantcdng lncmne fm Development Working Group, & Small Schools, PO Box processes by which Odldren:'Thc July 1993 iMue offers a gender analysis of the 1348, Charleston, WV 25325, communities are planned and of Insighls, the publication of impact of the proposed N. 304/ 347-00:-0. developed will be explored, the Univ. of Wisc. lnsl for Amer. Free Trade Agreement

aiming toward a conference, Research on Poverty, focuses on urban employment, rural () "Gui� for Equitli!'iJJe June 2-4 in Oakland. Further on child support and children's communities, health and �,. (5 pp.) is available inf. from Catherine Lerza, allowances. Free from the safety, and public services. (likely free) from FairTest, 342 2000 P St. NW #408, Wash., Inst., 3412 Social Science $1.50 from Alt-WID, c/o Ctr. Broadway, Cambridge, MA DC 20036, 202/833-4667. Bldg., 1180 Observatocy Dr., of Concern, 3700 13th St. NE, 02139,617/864-4810. They Madison, WI 53706, 608/ 262- Wash., DC 20017, '11J2/635-also publish a quarterly � Toxic Strufgh: Th 6358. 2757. newsletter ($20/yr. indivs, $30 n-.,,.,, ..JPndaof

. insts.), FairTest Examu,er. EIIWOllffll!Sal Jmtir.e, ed.

18 • Poverty & Race• Vol 2, No. 5 • September/October 1993

� Ltibar Nta'W!l/(w Wo,kinf Fmri6., is a new,newsletter of the Labor Project for Working Familie.,, c/o SF Labor Cowu:il, S10 Harrison SL, SF, CA 94105, 415/543-1.699.

e '"Wb:d About Weliale Fl!Jkn't" is an op,<d, by Sumner 1l011CD of the Columbia Univ. School of Social Work, from the June 28, 1993 NY Newsday. It argues for a mas,gve publicly subsidized jobs program, to foster family stability. We'll send a copy with a SASE.

Food/Nutrition/ Hunger

o "Paat111c Peo� Fint? Cb,llenpac w � AdmlDi-mttoo• is the Spring 1993 issue of Why. Magazine, published by World Hunger Year(S18/year, $10 limited inc.ome): 505 8th Ave., 21st Or., NYC, NY 10018, 212/629-. 8850.

• Food ud Agriadblral PoliCJ EdaawoJ:Jal r&tmu a.re available from the Inst. for Agriculture & Trade Policy, 1313 Sth St. SE #303, Mpls., MN 55414, 612/379-5980. Contact them for a list. They also produce a daily news bulletin � and electronic conferences on trade and sustainable agriculture.

rt "&eds ol Cbimge: Stratepes fm.-Feud Security !n �, mm, City"is a 17-chapterstudy prepared for the Interf.aith Hunger Coalition, available ($25) from the UCLA Grad School of Arch. & Urban Planning, I.A, CA 90024. A less expensive version will shortly be publishfld by the Coalition (2449 Hyperion Ave. #100, LA, CA 90027). Further inf. from Carolyn Olney at the Coalition, 213/913-7333 or Robert Gottlieb at UCLA, 310/825-1067.

'Iii "WIC Wodrs: Let\ Make It Wort for Everybody" is a new publication from the Food Reseazcll & Action Ctr., 187S

Conn. Ave. :NW #540, Wash., DC 2000'), 202/986-2200. $4.

Health

• w'll-lkled Poisonfnal: Children Not Fully Protected When Federal Agencies Sell Homes to Public• is a 48-page April 1993 report (GAO/ RCED-93-38) from the US General Accounting om.a:.

Free from USGAO, PO Box 6015; Gaithersburg, MD .Dl84-<J015.

"' "Bet-Jtti .Refonn PRlty D.\y,"sponsored by Families USA, will be held Oct. 21, a national grassroots effort to preu Congress and the Administration for true reform of the sys1eln. Kits and information from 800/59� 5041 (202/628-40!il in DC).

o "Cumranbi,q Hl!'.ddl Carel How to Get Medkal Aasm,ma for P�\ Ucfnu.-eci" (47 pp., 1992) is available ($16.45, $4.45 for low-income) from the Phlla. Unemployment Proj., 116 S. 7 St. #610, Phila, PA 19106, 215/592-0!)33.

• •r-ro 8'!Je: The FafJGre of a.�r�1�· (]J pp. + apps., July 1993) is available ($15) from Families USA, 1334 G St. NW, Wash., DC 2000S, 202/628-3030.

(J The Laid-Bt9ed ]kz&:!d A:xitement Trwt Fund Ad of 1993 has been introduaxl by Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD). Further inf. from Karen Fiorini, Env. Defense Fund, 1875 Conn. Ave. NW #1016, Wash., OC 20009, 202/387-3.500. Relat.edly, the Lead Poisoning Prevention Coalition works on a range of lcgialativc, budget, technical and policy issues. It's ooordi-nated by the Allia:nC% to End Childhood Lead Poisoning, 227 Mass. Ave. NE #200, Wa,h., DC 20032, 202/543-1147. The Alliance has a 47-page document, "A Frame-work for Action to Make Private Hou.sing l.ead-Safe."

tt The Jci.at � hi Society and .He:!lth has recently been established by the �cw England Med. Ctr. Hospitals, Tufts Univ. and the Harvard School of Public Health. Their long-range goal is "to bring the social detenninaots of health [ e.g., social class and race] into s1wper focus for scholarship and policy." For further inf. and a copy of their mmion statement, contact Susan Haff, 750 Wash. St., NEMC #345, Boston, MA 02111, 617/350-8145.

Homelessness

• Uomd ,meas Syllooi: Macy Ellen Hombs of The Legal Servia:s Homelessness Task Force is collecting course outlines, n:ading lists, and syllabi from law, social work, public health, and graduate social science courses on homelessness; she will send a free copy of the oompJeted compendiwn to those who submit material .. Write her at the Natl Hsng. law Proj., 122 C St. NW #680, Wash., DC 2<Kl01,202/783-5140.

• °'Rmc!:lq & T�..ci:i.-lg Cblldrell W-dhol!t HOllolUll (103 pp., May 1993) and "Until I Go Home. Child Om: for Homeless Families" (152 pp., March 1993) arc available (suggested donations, $20 and $30, respectively) from HomeBase/The Ctr. for Common Concerns, 870 Market SL #1228, SF, CA 94102, 415/788-7961.

e National !lunger & Homelaa,,ai. A 1JlP'ffl8IS

Week is set for Nov. 14-20, co-sponsored by the Natl. Student Campaign Apinst Hunger & Homeles.mess, Oxfam Americ.a, and the Natl. C.oal. for the Homeless. Inf. from the Coal., 1612 K St NW #1004, Wm, oc 20006, 2021-n� 1322 Inf. on campus activrti.es from Jennifer Coken of NSCAHH, 617/292-4823.

• "Preventinc Recic:iv.!sm Am� nmomly .Homeless Fa:milies In NYC," by David Schwartz and Donita Devance--Manzini (78 pp., 1993), is available (no price listed) from the Amer. Affordable Housing Inst, RlJt8crs, PO Box 118, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, 908/ 932-6812. It's subtitled "Databases and Program �igns for Four Major Homelessness Prevention Efforts."

Ill Meal Tm: to Aid Homeless: According to a NY 1ime.s report (8/3/93), Metropolitan Miami (Dade County) will soon be!PD imposing a 1 % restaurant meal tax to finance programs for the homeless (in response, it should be noted, to a federal court order to provide such programs).

• •Home.2SSDea in America .. was a bearing, held April 23, by the House Suboomm. on Housing & Comm. Dev. Among those testifying: HUD Sec. Henry Cimcros, St. Paul Mayor James Sheibel (for the US Conf. of MayOIS), Carol Fennelly of CCNV, and Barry Zigas of the Natl Low Inc. Hsng. Coal. For copy of hearing transcript, contact the Subcomm. at the Rayburn House Office Bldg. B303, Wash., DC 20515, 202/225-7054.

Holi-sing

e "A Guide.to HOU5U1g& Comm. Dev. Prognmas for Small Towm and Rural Affl/.1 .. is available ($7) from the Housing Assimna: Council, 1025 Vennont Ave. NW #606, Wash., DC 2000S, 202/842-8600.

°' "Shl.te Propelt)i Tu Rdief Programs for Homeo1111m and Renun," by Scott Mackey. is Legislative FID8llce Paper #81 {21 pp., Feb. 1992, $18} from the Natl. Conf. of St. Legislatures, 1 S<iO Broadway #'700, Denver, CO

,

September/October 1993 • Poverty & Raa • Vol 2, No. 5 • 19

PRRAC HAS MOVEDB See box page 1 for new addr8ls

80202, 303/830-2200. They and .. Fon:ed Evictions: also have a publications Violations of Human Rights" catalogue. A similar (12 pp., June 1993) are publication, .. Property Tax available (no prices listed) from Relief Programs That Benefit the Centre on Housing Rights Low-Income Housing, w by & Evictions, Havikstraat 38 Diana Meyer-Flanagan and bis, 3514 TR Utrecht, Geor,sia Emory, is available Netherlands, 31-30 73 19 76. (possibly free) from Meyer- Both publicatiOJlll focus on the Flanagan at the Enterprise international scene rather than Foundation, 500 Amer. City the us.

Bldg., Columbia, MD 21044, 410/964-1230. m "Delivered Vacant"is a 118-

" "Housing Cbaracteristics of minute documentary film, by Nora Jacobson, about the

Selected Races and Hispanic- struggle apinst development Origin HOllleboldi in die US: in Hoboken, NJ. It was very 1917," by Jeanne Woodward positively reviewed in tbe May and Lily Wong (an 82-page l9'J3 issue of City limits and chart.book, Aug 1990), is in NY Newsday. Contact 'The available (likely free) from Cinema Guild, 1697 Broad-Daniel Weinberg, Chief: Hsng. way, NYC, NY 10019, & Household Econ. Stats. 800/ 723-5522. Div., US Bureau of the Census, Wash., DC 20233-

Immigration 00()1. The office anticipates updating the study to 1991 in the near future. e "The Violation of Rights in

� "Housing in Che Balance: Immii,Btion Polldnc In Non-Border Arras: A Brief

Seeking a Comprehensive Ovmiew" (18 pp., May 1993) Policy for City-Owned is a report prepan:d by the Housing" (96 pp., May 1993), Natl. Immig. Pro] of the Natl. by Ann Henderson, Susan Lawyers Guild and the Natl Saegert, Lu.is Sierra and Brian Network for lmmig. and Sullivan of the Task Force on Refugee Rights (a PRRAC City Owned Property' is grantee). No price listed. available (no price listed) from Contact NLG, 14 Beacon St., the Consumer-Farmer Foun- #506, Boston, MA 02108, 617 / dation, 121 Sixth Ave. #501, 227-9727 or the Network at NYC, NY 10013, 212/431- 310 8th St. #'307, Oakland, CA 9700. NYC's City-owned 94(i()7, 510/465-1984. housing. taken from landlords � Nttwork New$ IS the bi-who fail to pay their taxes, monthly newsletter of the Natl. pn-wides affordable homes for Network for Immigration and over 1.50,000 low-income New Refugee Rights (see the two Yorkers. articles in this issue of P&R by

Network Director Cathi e NIMBY Report is a new Tactaquin) Subs are $10-20 monthly pubhcation of the indivs., S:W insts., $5 Amer. Friends Service Comm., unemployed or fl.lCed-income. keeping follcs up to date on Sec above item � and resources aimed at fostering inclusive � The Immigrant Rl&hts communim. It's available Urgent Respome Network (likely free) from Jane Motz, numitors immigration law AFSC, 1501 Cherry St., Phila., activities and activates a PA 19102. 215/241-7000. national response network to Editor is Kale Williams, 305 S. counter rights ·a1ruses. More Green St., Chicago, IL ti0fi07, inf. and procedures for Joining 312/258-8010. URN from The Natl. Network

for Immigrant & Refugee � "Forad Evidions & Rights (see second item Human Ri&hts: A Manual for above). Action• (58 pp., June 1993)

20 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 • September/October 1993

Miscellaneous

� "Loc:al Y aubook 1993: Highs and Lows of Urban America" is an interesting and useful data compendium from the July 1993 issue of Governing, showing for the nation 'Ii 100 largest cities the top and bottom 10 on a range of variables (suburbanizalion, tax revenue, federal/ state aid, murder rate, public school emollment, polioe officen, etc.) We'11 send you a copy with a SASE.

Q J' otin&' Riglru in A lllfflim, eds. Karen McGill Arrington and (PRRAC Board member) William L. Taylor (212 pp., 1993), u. available {$24) from the Jt. Or. for Pol & Econ. Studies, 1000 Vennont Ave. NW #1100, Wash., DC 20005, 800/462-6420. Among the contributors; Mary Frances Berry, Lani Guinier, Henry Der, Charles Hamilton, Bill Clinton. Damon Keith and Al Raby

1$ Tire R«Jild, a/ D&rtoaaey, by Jeffrey Beny, Kent Portney and Ken Thompson (32;6 pp., 1993), is a study of community participation in Dayton, San Antonio, Binningham, St. Paul and Portland, OR. $16.95, from The Brookings Inst., 1775 Mass. Ave. NW, Wash., DC 20036, 202/797-6105.

@ TlleAdivat'.IAAntnrc.· 17le Cont:ffllffl Citbm8 <;,-to theUllllllnr Advococy Oryrri sfmr nA,,.,.._, by David w� (431 pp., I9'J3, $18}, published by Simon & Schust.er, � 105 organizations: their origins, purposes, operating strategies. The Almanac is a continuing project, and Wall& solicits feedback iiiD.d suggestions for additions and oorrections; PO Box 111, Sebastopol. CA 95473.

@ Brid&irg the GAP is the newsletter of the Government Aa:ountability Project (a PRRAC grantee), which provides legal and advocacy assistance to concerned citizens

who witness dangerous, illegal or environmentally unsound practices in their workplaces and communities and choose to "blow the whistle "They're at 810 First St. NE #630, Wash., OC 20002, 202/408-0034.

6 The Data Center, established in 1977, is a unique institution, making infomlJlt:ion easily aocessi.ble to

. the social change community. It runs a publilJ..access libra,y that houses a vertical file collection of mon: than 1.5 million newspaper and magazine clippings; and bas computerized infon:nation services, a special collection on right-wing' movements, right-to -know, corporate informa-tJ.on, and the Third World. They're al 464 19th St., Oakland, CA 94612, 510/ 835-4692.

(i) The Cenla' for Urban Affm and Policy Reseucb at Northwestern Univ. has a catalogue of Working Papera, containing such subjects as "Poverty, Race and Inequaliiy," "Labor Markets and Unemployment," "Health Policy," and "Feminist Public Policy." The Center is at 2040 Sheadan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208.

@ S"1t is a tens-time&-a.-year magazme, published by the Claret Missionaries, that '"attempts to make some connection& between contemporuy social-justice concerns and Christian spirituality" $15/year from 205 W Monroe St., Chicago, IL 60606, 312/236-7782

6 'fbe International C'.ovenant on Civi and Political Ri&hCs, passed by the US Senate in 1992, may be a useful tool in • -social change work. Under the ICCPR, the US government, for the first time, must submit a report on violations o

f

human rights in the US to the UN Human Rights Comm. Public exposure then can produce change in laws and behavior. Among the specific

clauses is a right of women and minorities to equal aocess to government jobs, prohibition of violation of labor union rights, and protection of children's nghts. Further inf. from Ann Fagan Ginger at the Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Inst., Box 673a, Berkeley, CA 94701, 510/848-0599. The Inst. also publishes the Human Rights Organiza­

tions & Periodicals Directory, 1993 ($41.95 indivs., $46.95 insts.)

"' Puticipatory Resmrdl: A II-page, Nov 1992 bibliography is available from Francesca Cancian & Cathleen Armstead, Dept. Sociology, Univ. Calif., Davis, CA 927l7. Additionally, two special issues of The American Sociologi.Jt will be devoted to the subject; contact Dept. 4010, Trans­action Periodicals Consortium. Rutgers Univ., New Bruns­wick. NJ 08903, 908/932-2280.

s The Rixhf to Know Networn offers database services, training and other forms of help re pollution. They'rec/o 0MB Watch, 1731 Conn. Ave. NW, Wash., DC 10009, 202/234-8494.

� Rainbow Researeh, whose mission is "to promote the increased effectiven� and impact of socially concerned organizatio� in responding to social problems," has available a publications catalogue, covor.l.ng such issues as neigh­borhood revitalization, comm. econ. dev., and community building basics: 321 W. Lake St., Mpls., MN 55408, 612/ 824-0724.

Conferences

• "I Am Homeless and Sick,,. a conf. on homelessness and health care, sponsored by the Georgia NUISCS Found., will be held Sept. 13 at Georgia St. Univ. Inf. from the Founda­tion, 404/892-7476.

� '"Economic Development for Women & Minorities in

!?.mtmJ.N.Carolna," sponsored by the E. No Carolina Poverty Comm., will be held Sept. 23 at Lenoir Comm. College, in Kinston, NC. Inf from the Comm., PO Box 801, Kinston, NC 28502, 919/527-i099.

� The Policy Research Action Group Conference will be held SeJ?t. 30 at the So. Shore Cultural Center in Chicago (PRAG was featured in the January 1993 iswc of P&R). Community-based activists and university rcscmcllers will meet to discuss how to use academic research to further real-world public policy agendllB re environmental issues, diversity, welfare, affordable housing, com-munity safety, connecting local and national public policy, etc. Inf. from PRAG at 312/508-3468.

� "Making the Transldon: A Regioml Worbhop OD

1nmsitional Proannu, .. presented by the Natl. Alliance to End Homelessness, will be held Sept. 38-0d. 1 in Miami Inf. from the Allianoe, 1518 K St. NW #206, Wash., DC 20005, 202/638-1526.

,� "Beyond a Helnuday of ()ppressuls: Radmt and ... F.qmftlents" is the 14th annual conf. of the Nall Network of Grantmalcers, Sept. 38-0ct. 3, at Howard Univ., DC. Int:

from Kube Sherron JoIIQI, c/o Public Welfare Found., 2600 Vuginia Ave NW, Wash., DC 20037, 202/965-1800.

" "Women Plaming for Change,., a conference on childcare, employment, health, housing,participatory planning, transportation/ safety, sponsored by the NY Met Chapter of the Amer. Planning Assn. and the Hwrter C:Ollege Dept of Urban Affairs & Planning, will be held Oct. l at Hunter College. Inf from Irene Fanos, 22 Reade St. #4N, NYC, NY lc«l7, 212/ 720-3444.

Ill 1993 Rmal Housfn& Summit, sponsored by the Calif. Coal. for Rural Houaing Project, will be held Oct. 7-8 in Aptbs. Inf. from the Project, 926 J St. #422, Sacto., CA 95814,916/443-4448.

e "&ildJna Penonal and Profaonal Competence in a

MultieultmalSodety," sponsored by the Natl Multi­Cultural Inst. (3000 Conn. Ave. #438, Wash., DC 20008, '2D2/ 483-0700), will be heJd Oct.14-17 in LA

e "Relnvenfin& the American Dream" is the 1993 annual conf. of the Natl. Congress for Comm. Econ. Dev., Od. 2&­ll, in SF. Inf_ from NCCED, I 875 Conn. Ave. NW #524, Wash., DC 200.19, 202/234-5009.

� "Building � Streogthenini: Comanunitiel" is the McAuley lnstitute's Women and Housing Conf., Oct. 29-31 in New Orleans. Inf. from the Inst, 8300 Colesville Rd. #310, Silver Spring, MD 209l0,30I/588-8l l0.

01 The Midwest Cont on HUD Multifi11mly Housing Pl!eserva!ion, sponsored by the Natl Housing Law Project, will be held Nov. 5--6 in Chicago. Inf. from Dan Pearlman at the Project, 2201 Broadway#8l5, Oakland. CA 94612, 510/25)-9400.

e The Ith Natl. Conf. of1he Nad. Aal. cA Child Ach'oad:a will be held Nov.11-14 in New Brunswick, NJ Inf. from NACA, 1625 K St. NW #510, Wash., DC 2(XX)6, 202/828-6950.

'-" ·Cbanptg the Pandipn to Cemmunity Youth Dnelop­mmt,,. spoDMned by the Natl. Network of Runaway and Youth Services, will be held Jan. �Feb. 2, 1994 in Wash., DC. Inf. from the Network, 1319 F St. NW #401, Wash., DC 20004, '2D2/783-7949.

• "Ethnicity: Global Per,. specttves" is the Much 16-lOJ

1994 conf. of the Natl Assn. for Ethnic Studies. in KC, MO. Contact Prof. Harriet Oppenheimer, SASW Dept., Kansas St. U., 204 Waten Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, 913 / 532-6934.

Jobs/Fellowships/ Grants

• The Nd. Aflin. of Cldld Advocates is hiring a Pro.fed Director for its Benefits Access Project. Low to mid $40s. NACA is at 1625 K St NW #510, Wuh., DC 20036, 202/ 828-6950.

• ACORN is seeking a Development Director, located in their DC or Brooklyn office. Contact Steven Kest, ACORN, 845 Flatbush Ave., Bklyn., NY l l226.

e The Nd. I.ow Income HOlllin& Coal./Low-1:ncome HoDlling Info. Service, the nation's leading advocacy and resean:h group for low income housing, seeks a J:>resident/ Executive Secnw-y, $65-75,000. Application form from Frances Williams, NLIHC{LlHIS, 1012 14th St NW, #1200, Wash., DC 20005, 202/662-1530.

P•ease Let Us

. Know If There

-� Are Others

fin Your

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or Elsewhere}

WhoOughi

To Be on

. O.ur: Malling

Lisl

September/October 1993 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 2, No. 5 • 21

PRRAC HAS MOVEDIJ See box page 1 for new address

• The Housing Development Inst. of the New York Archdiocese, which provides tecbmcal assistance to groups and parishes undertaking housing and community development projects, is seeking a Resomce Developer to coordinate fundraising. Resume and salary Justory to Fr. Don Saka.no, Housing Development Inst 1011 First Ave., #1285, NYC, NY 10022.

w The Central Brooklyn Fedmal Credit Union seeks a Mana;er. Contact G. Balkcom, 1360b Fulton St., #513, Brooklyn, NY 11216.

ii• The Conummi1y Tminfng & Assistance OF. is looking for a Director of Community Development. $50-(,{),COO. Resume and cover letter to CTAC, 30 Winter St., Boston, MA 02108, 617/423-1444.

• The Ctr. oo Budget & Policy Priorities is seeking a '!rainer/Orgenizer to work on its national campaign to promot.e use of the Earned Income Tax. Credit. Resume and cover letter to Scott Barancik, a1 the Center, m N. Capitol St. NE, #705, Wash., DC 20002. 202/ 408-1080.

• The Union Neighborhood Asshtance Corp. seeks a Houin& Services Commuuity Orpni,.er. Mid to high $20s. Resume to Bruce Macks. UNAC, 321 Columbus Ave., Boston. MA 02116, 617/267-1144.

• The Local Initiatives Support Co,pandion needs a Program Dlredor for its Community Building Initiative, a 3-year effort to provide financial and technical assistanoe to community-based development corporations. Respond by Sept 17 to Carol Glazer, LISC, 733 Third Ave., NYC, NY 10017, 21:?/455-9800.

fl The Clmles Bannerman Manorial Fellowship Propa3l honors outstanding activists of color and gi� them the

opportunity to reflect on their work and renew themselves for the work ahead. Fellows rereive stipends of $15,000 for sabbaticals of three months or more. Deadline is December I. Brochw-e/ application from Bannennan Fellowship Program, 1627 Lancaster St., Baltimore, MD 21231, 410/ 327-6220.

it F&llllie Mae Univenity Spring 1994 Colloquium. Seril::I: Three $15,000 grants will be awar.dc<f to four-year colleges/universities for lecture series on some aspect of domestic or international housing policy or finance. Oct. 8 is the proposal deadline. Guidelines/fonns fom1 FNMA Offtce of Housing Research, 3900 Wisc. Ave. NW, Wash., DC 20016, 202/752-3263.

it More Grnnl5 from Fannie M.ae: The Fannie Mae Foundation is giving out its sixth round of Maxwell Awards for outstanding work by nonprofit housing organi­zations. Some 40 projects will receive a total of $250,000 Deadline is Oct. 1. Application packet from Haniet Ivey at the Foundation(addrcssabove), '}{)2/ 752-6500.

� a!:izens for 11. Better Environment is hiring a Soutlmu Calif. Director. $31,500-35,000. Letter/ resume to CBE Search Comm., 122 Lincoln Blvd. #'101, Venice, CA 90201, 310/ 450-5192

I} The Natl. Puerto Rican Coalition is seeking a new President. Recommendations/ resumes to Isaacson Miller, Inc., 334 Boylston St. #.500, Boston, MA 02116-3805, 617 / 262-6500, attn: Edward Greene.

CJ · The City of Trento:. is seeking a Project Manager (Affordable Housing). Mid $40s. Resume to Alan Mallach, Dir., Dept. Hsng. & Urb. Dev., City Hall, Trenton, NJ08608.

22 11t- Poverty & Race ·• Vol. 2, No. 5 g September/October 1993

e The Imt. for Policy Studies is seeking a School Coordinator for its new Social Aotion & Leadership School for Activists (SAISA}. $25-.30,000 Cover letter, resume, writing sample, references to Kirsten Shaw, IPS, 1(,()1 Conn. Ave. NW, Wash., DC 20009, 202/234-9382.

,.. LISC is recruiting a Program Director for its Community Buildinl Initiative, which will provide financial and technical assistance to community development corps. Resume/ cover letter by Sept. 17 to Carol Glazer, use, 733 Third Ave., NYC, NY 10017, 212/455-9800.

o!t The Ctr. on Bt!dJd & Policy Prioriti.:s is hiring an

Fmployment/Tmiilin& Analyfl. $40,000 and up. Resumes by Sept. 30 to Rese.arch Dir., CBPP, m N. Capitol St. NE #705, Wash., OC 20002, 202/408-1080 .

e The Lawyers Comm. for avn Ripts Uncler Law is hiring a Voting Ri&hts Projecl Staff Attomey. Resume/ writing sample/ references to Brenda Wright, LCCCRUL, 1400 Eye St. NW #400, Wash., OC 20005, 202/371-1212.

o The Sant.� Cruz Comm. Hsnc- Corp. seeks a Project Manqer to develop low­income housing. Ca. $37,000. Resume to CHC, PO Box 632, Santa Cruz, CA 95061, 408/423-1318.

Want to PresentY-our Work: to a Washington Audience?

_ We"ll be glad to host and help you publicize a , presentation ofyQUt.resean:h and/ o r adv\lCMy work on race and poverty issues. Let·� know well in advance when youil be in Washington. give us _guidance on - ' . · whom or what kinds of people to invite, and we'll send out the notices and sponsor your talk ( usually best held during lunchtime). ,, .,