PT3 Science PMR Highlightsd

8/9/2019 PT3 Science PMR Highlightsd

1/14

Chapter 1

1 (a) Complete the table below regarding sensory organs.

Sensory organ Type of stimulus

(i) Eye

(ii) Nose/tongue

(iii) Sound

(iv) Touch, pain, heat, cold

(b) Complete the pathway of impulse after a stimulus isreceived by the skin.

Stimulus→ → Nerve→

→ Nerve→ Effector

2 Explain why when we have the flu, the nose cannotfunction well.

The receptors are covered

with a layer of .

3 Name receptors X and Y in the diagram below.

X:

Y:

4 The thinner the or the

more the number of , the

more sensitive the skin.

5 Label the taste areas on the tongue and give one exampleof food that tastes the best on the area.

Part Taste Example of food

K

L

M

N

H1

6 (a) Label the structures of the ear and state its functions.

P :

Q :

R :

T :

U :

V :

W :

X :

S :

P : Collects

Q : Channel to the

R : when it is hit by sound wavesS : Balance the on both sides of the ear

T : sound vibrations

U : Controls

V : Sends to the

X : Converts into

(b) Based on 6(a), complete the sound pathway in the hearing mechanism.

P

➞

➞

➞

➞

➞

➞

V

LightChemical subtances

Ear

Skin

Receptor Brain

Pain Receptor Pressure

receptor

epidermis

receptor

smell

mucus

sour Lime

Bitter Medicine

Salty Salt

Sweet Honey

Ear Pinna

Auditory Canal

Eardrum

Eustachian tube

Ossicles

Semicircular CanalAuditory Nerve

Oval Window

Cochlea

sound wavessound waves eardrum

Vibratesair pressure

Amplifies

body balanceneve impulses brain

sound vibration nerve impulses

Q R T W X


2/14

dfgasg H2

7 (a) Label the structures of the eye and state its functions.

A:

B :

C :

D :

E :

F :

G :

H :

I :

J :

K :

L:

A, B , E : Helps to the light onto the retina

C : Allows the light to the eye

D : Controls the of the

B , E : the shape of the eyeball

F : the light onto the

G : the eyeball

H : Prevents light in the eye

I : Converts stimulus into

K : Sends to the brain

(b) Based on 7(a), complete the pathway of light rays entering the eyes.

A

➞

➞

➞

➞

➞

➞

K

8 The characteristics of the image formed on the retina are

, and .

9 Determine the angles of incidence and reflection.

50o

incident ray

reflectedray

(a) Angle of incidence :

(b) Angle of reflection :

10 (a) Draw the light rays of the refraction of light.

normalincidentray

▼air

glass

normal

airglass

normal

waterair

▼ ▼

(b) The straw in a glass filled with water appears bent

because the light ray is .

11 Fill in the blanks with correct words regarding the eyedefects shown below.

(a) (b)

Type:

Reasons: The eyeball is too The eyeball is too

or the or the

eye lens is too eye lens is too

Correctivelens:

12 is the eye defect caused by

the irregular curvature of the cornea. It can be corrected

by wearing lenses.

13P

Q

Line P appears longer than line Q . This limitation of the

sense of sight is called .

Cornea

Aqueous Humor

Pupil

lris

Vitereous humor

eye lens

Sclera

Choroid

Retina

Yellow spot

Optic nerve

Blind spot

focusenter

size pupilsMaintainsFocuses retina

Protectsreflection

light nerve impulsesnerve impulse

B C F E I/j

real inverted diminished

4040

refracted

short sidenest


3/14

dfgasgH3

1 Three elements that make up carbohydrates and fats are

, and but in

different ratios.

2 Complete the table below with the classes of food.

Class of food Function(a) To supply energy

(b) To build new cells to replacedamaged tissue

(c) As heat insulator/ To protectinternal organs/ To supply energy

(d) To maintain good health

(e) To stimulate peristalsis

(f) To transport dissolved food/ Act asmedium for chemical reaction/ Totransport excretory products

3 Vitamin and dissolve in water

while vitamin , ,

and dissolve in fat.

4 Determine the classes of food: Carbohydrate (C), protein(P), fat (F), roughage (R), vitamin (V) or mineral salt (M).

(a) Rice: (j) Butter:

(b) Orange: (k) Starch:

(c) Fish: (l) Papaya:

(d) Egg white: (m) Vegetable:

(e) Egg yolk: (n) Meat:

(f) Honey: (o) Milk:

(g) Potato: (p) Sugar:

(h) Coconut oil: (q) Bread:

(i) Groundnut: (r) Margarine:

14 State the types of vision and its advantage anddisadvantage for the following animals.

(a)

Type of vision:(Predator)

Advantage:estimate distance accurately

Disadvantage:vision field

(b)

Type of vision: (Prey)

Advantage:vision field

Disadvantage:estimate distance accurately

15 Fill in the blanks with information regarding sound.

(a) Sound is produced by .

(b) is needed for the transmission of

sound.

(c) Sound can travel through ,and

but cannot travel through .

(d) Soft and porous materials are reflectors

of sound but absorbers of sound.

(e) Hard and smooth surface materials are

reflectors of sound but absorbers of

sound.

16 State the stimulus and the types of tropism for the shootand root of the plants below.

(a) (b) Petri dish

moist

cotton

wool

plasticine

Stimulus: Stimulus:

Shoot: Shoot:

Root: Root:

Chapter 2

(c) (d)tendril

twig

moistcottonwool

anhydrouscalciumchloride

(or silica gel)

Stimulus: Stimulus:

Root: Tendril:


4/14

dfgasg H4

5 State the diseases caused by the deficiency associatedwith the following nutrients.

(a) Vitamin A:

(b) Vitamin B:

(c) Vitamin C:

(d) Vitamin E:

(e) Vitamin K:

(f) Protein:

(g) Iodine:(h) Iron:

(i) Vitamin D/ phosphorus/ calcium:

6 A diet consists of food that has all the

nutrients in the right quantities.

7 Based on the following table, calculate the calorific valuetaken by a student for his dinner if he took 200 g of rice,50 g of fried egg and 50 g of papaya.

FoodCalorific value

(kJ/100g)

Rice 1 500

Fried egg 950

Papaya 160

8 State the observation for the following food tests.

Food test Observation

(a) Starch + iodine solution

(b) Glucose + Benedict’s solution precipitate

(c) Protein + Millon’s reagent precipitate

(d) Fat + filter paper spot

Calorific value=

9 (a) Label the human digestive system and fill in the blanks with suitable words.

P :

Digested food:

V :

Digested food:

Function: To

digested food

S :

T :

Gastric juice contains

acid and

Digested food:

U :

Produces

W :

Function: To reabsorb

and produce

Q :

R :

(b) has a

very wall

(one-cell thick) and functions to

digested

food.

(c) Based on 9(a), complete the pathway of foodmovement in the human digestive tract.

P ➞

➞

➞

➞

➞

Rectum

10 (a) The process of pushing the food along the alimentary

canal is called .

(b) The removal of undigested food (faeces) from the

body is called .

(c) The difficulty to expel undigested food (faeces) from

the body is called .


5/14

dfgasgH5

11 State the final products of digestion that are ready to beabsorbed into the small intestine.

Food Final product of digestion

(a) Carbohydrate

(b) Protein

(c) Fat

12 State the observation at the end of the experiment andgive the explanation.

(a) Starch test:

Observation:

(b) Explanation:

in saliva breaks

down into

.

(c) 37o

C is used because 37o

C is thetemperature

for .

starchsolution +saliva

iodinesolution

13 Study the experiment below regarding the absorption ofdigested food.

(a) State the partsrepresented by:

(i) Visking tube:

(ii) Distilled water:

distilledwater

Visking

tube

starchsolution+ glucosesolution

(b) Explain why glucose can be found in the distilledwater but not starch at the end of the experiment.

Starch molecules are too to

through the wall of the Visking tube.

14 Fill in the blanks with suitable letters based on the givenfood pyramid.

P

Q R

S T

U

(a) Foods that are requiredin large amounts daily:

(b) Foods at the highest

risk of causing heartdiseases if takenexcessively:

Chapter 3

1 Complete the classification of animals below:

Animals

Invertebrates (a)(Do not have backbone) (Have backbone)

Fish Bird (b) (c) (d)

2 State the types of vertebrates.

(a) Deer: (g) Frog:

(b) Eel: (h) Penguin:

(c) Snake: (i) Toad:

(d) Whale: (j) Crocodile:

(e) Turtle: (k) Shark:

(f) Lizard: (l) Bat:

3 State the types of vertebrates (Fish, ‘F’, Amphibian, ‘A’,Reptile, ‘R’, Bird, ‘B’ or Mammal, ‘M’) which have thefollowing characteristics.

(a) Breathe through lungs:

(b) Breathe through gills:

(c) Breathe through moist skin:

(d) Warm-blooded:

(e) Cold-blooded:

(f) Lay eggs:

(g) Give birth to young:

(h) Carry out internal fertilisation:

(i) Carry out external fertilisation:

4 Complete the classification of plants below.

Plants

Flowering plants Non-flowering plants

Algae Mosses

(a) (b) (c)(Example: (Example: Maize)durian tree) (d)

5 State whether the given plants are monocotyledon, ‘M’ ordicotyledon, ‘D’.

(a) Maize plant: (f) Rambutan tree:

(b) Coconut tree: (g) Grass:

(c) Paddy plant: (h) Balsam plant:

(d) Durian tree: (i) Rubber tree:

(e) Oil palm tree: (j) Rose plant:


6/14

dfgasg H6

1 (a) A is a natural living place for plants

and animals.

(b) A is a group of organisms that live

together in a habitat.

(c) A consists of several populations of

animals and plants that live together and interact with

one other.

(d) An consists of several communitiesthat interact with one another and with the physical

environment.

2 (a) is the organism that kills and eats

other organisms.

(b) is the organism that is eaten by a

predator.

Chapter 4

3 Based on the types of interaction between living things,give the correct terms.

Term Interaction between . . .

(a) ... different organisms that livetogether in a close relationship

(b) ... different organisms where oneorganism benefits from the otherwhereas the other organism is not

adversely affected(c) ... different organisms where one

organism benefits from the otherwhereas the other organism isnegatively affected

(d) ... two different organisms that livetogether in which both organismsbenefit

(e) ... organisms that compete for thesame basic resources

4 State the types of interaction between the living things

below.(a) sea

anemone

hermitcrab

(b) floweringplant

weed

(c)bird’snestfern

tree

(d) treebarnacles

tree trunk

(e) (f)chicken

worm

nodulecontainingbacteria

roots ofleguminousplant

5 Symbiosis can be classified into ,

and .

6 (a) is the method in which a naturalenemy is used to control the population of pest in anarea.

(b) State two advantages of controlling pest usingbiological control.

(i) (ii)

6 State and draw (if required) the characteristics of plants

Type of Monocotyledon Dicotyledon Leaf (a) (b)

vein leaf vein leaf

Root (c) (d)

roots roots

Stem (e) (f)

Number of Cotyledon (g) (h)

7 are non-flowering plants

that do not carry out photosynthesis because they do not

have .


7/14

dfgasgH7

7 (a) Green plants that can make their own food through

photosynthesis are called .

(b) are organisms that decompose

dead organisms into simple substances. Two

examples of decomposers are and

.

8 (a) State the role of organisms in the food chain below.

Leaf ➞

Caterpillar ➞

Frog ➞

Snake

(b) If all the frogs in the food chain in (a) have beencaught, predict what happens to the number of thefollowing organisms.

(i) Leaf:

(ii) Caterpillar:

(iii) Snake:

9 Several food chains interlink to form a .

12 State the purposes (and observation) of the steps conducted in the experiment to test the presence of starch in the leaf. (a)

green leafleaf pieces

water

leaf pieces

(b)

Purpose:

To remove

alcoholwater bath

Purpose:To kill the and

break the

(c)Purpose:

To

the leaf

hot water (d)white tile

iodinesolution

Observation:

The leaf becomes

10 Fill in the blanks with suitable words regarding the pyramidof numbers below.

Snake

Frog

Caterpillar

Leaf

From thebase tothe top

(a) The number of

organisms

(b) The size of organisms

(c) energy

is lost.

11 Fill in the blanks with suitable words regardingphotosynthesis that occurs in green plants.

(a) + Watersunlight

chlorophyllGlucose(food)

+

(b)

(c) Function: To sunlight.

(d) Energy change that occurs in photosynthesis:

energy→ energy

(stored in food)

13 Fill in the blanks with correct words.

greenplant

sodium hydroxide solution

(a) The green plant cannot

carry out photosynthesis

because

is not present.

(b) Sodium hydroxide solution

functions to absorb

.

14 The experiment below shows that sunlight is necessaryfor photosynthesis.

green leaf

paperclip

black paper

plant

J

K

L


8/14

dfgasg H8

1 The melting and freezing points of water is oC, and the boiling point of water is oC.

2 Impurities will the boiling point but the melting or freezing point of water.

3 Fill in the blanks with correct words regarding the electrolytic cell below.

+ _

(a) (b)

Distilled water

(acidified with alittle sulphuric acid)

(c) Positive electrode or

(d) Negative electrode or

(e) The ratio (volume of oxygen to hydrogen collected (O : H) =

(f) Two elements that make up a water molecule are and .(g) Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen through .

(h) Oxygen the glowing wooden splinter (a test for oxygen).

(i) Hydrogen produces a with a wooden splinter ( a test for hydrogen).

(j) Acid is added into distilled water to .

4 (a) The higher the surrounding temperature, the the rate of water evaporation.

(b) The bigger the surface area, the the rate of water evaporation.

(c) The higher the air humidity, the the rate of water evaporation.

(d) The faster the air movement, the the rate of water evaporation.

Chapter 5

(a) Parts and contain starch

at the end of the experiment.

(b) Variable that

(i) is controlled (constant): Type of

(ii) is manipulated: The presence of

(iii) responds: The presence of

15 Complete the diagram of the oxygen and carbon cycles.

(b) (Plants)

(d)(Living things)

(a) Decomposition (c)(gas) (Microorganisms) gas

Combustion(Fuels)

16 (a) State two functions of photosynthesis in the carboncycle.

(i) Supplies to animals

(ii) Removes from the air

(b) State four human activities that destroy the balanceof nature.

17 Name the gas that causes

(a) global warming:

(b) greenhouse effect:

(c) acid rain:

(d) depletion of ozone layer:

18 The best way to overcome the greenhouse effect is to

plant more .


9/14

dfgasgH9

5 Name the processes and fill in the blanks.

(a)

waterparticles

water

(b)

water

Occurs attemperature

Only occurs atpoint

Occurs at theof water

Occurs theliquid

A process A process

6 Label the following substances with ‘solution’, ‘solvent’ or‘solute’.

+

7 Fill in the blanks with ‘saturated’, ‘dilute’ or

‘concentrated’.

(a)solute

(b) (c)

solution solution solution (has very little (has a lot of has the solute) solute) maximum amount of solute

8 is a universal solvent.

9 The liquid that has suspended substances in it is called a

.

10 State four methods to increase the solubility of a big pieceof coarse salt in water.

water

coarsesalt

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

11 State the organic solvents which can be used to dissolvethe following substances.

(a) Iodine:

(b) Shellac:

(c) Varnish:

(d) Fresh paint:

(e) Blood:

(f) Grease:

(g) Rust:

(h) Chlorophyll:

12 State the organic solvents used in daily life.

Organic solvent Use

(a) To dilute paint

(b) To prepare shellac solution

(c) To stick plastic substances

(d) To dissolve iodine to prepareantiseptic

(e) To stick rubber sheets

13 Acids and alkalis only show their properties in the

presence of .

14 (a) Acid changes the damp litmus paper to.

(b) Alkali changes the damp litmus paperto .

15 State three properties of acid and alkali.

Acid Alkali

(a) (d)(b) (e)

(c) (f)

16 Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

(a) Acid reacts with metals to release .

Example: Hydrochloric acid + magnesium →

+(salt) (gas)

(b) Acid reacts with carbonates to release .

Example: Sulphuric acid + calcium carbonate → + + water

(salt) (gas)

17 Based on the pH value, fill in the blanks with ‘Acid’, ‘Alkali’or ‘Neutral’.

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14pH

value

(a) (b) (c)


10/14

dfgasg H10

18 is the reaction that occurs between an acid and an alkali to form salt and water.

Acid + alkali → salt + water

Example: Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → +

19 Fill in the blanks with suitable words regarding the method of water purification.

(a)

(b)

muddywater

waterin

The water still containsand .

Pure water is obtained.

(c)

chlorinewater

water

(d)

heat

Microorganisms are .

The water still contains and substances.

20 (a) Complete the flow chart below to show the steps of the water purification process and state the functions.

P : Reservoir/dam

Q :tank

R :tank

T :tank

S :tank

U :tank

Storage tank

Part Function

P To allow the particles to to the bottom

Q and are added to coagulate suspended particles.

also reduces water acidity.

R Mixes with water so that fine impurities form dirt particles.

S Big particles to to the bottom.

T Removes particles.

U is added to .

water out


11/14

dfgasgH11

(b) Sodium flouride is added in water at certain water purification plants to reduce .

21 State four types of water pollutants.

1 The collision of air particles with things on Earth produces .

2 Draw the arrow (→) to show the direction of air pressure that acts on the cardboard.

glass

water

cardboard

3 Draw the observation and fill in the blanks with correct words.

cold water

stopper

steam

water

metalcan

heat

The air pressure in the metal

can is than the air

pressure outside the metal can.

4 Air pressure is influenced by the and the of gas.

5 The air pressure in a closed container will increase if the

(a) number of gas particles .

(b) volume of the container .

(c) gas is .

6 Mark ‘H’ to show high pressure area and ‘L’ to show low pressure area.

(a) Syringe (b) Siphon

Chapter 6


12/14

dfgasg H12

1 Based on the activities, state the effects of forces.

Activity Force can change the...

(a) Bending a ruler of an object.

(b) Pushing a stationarytable of an object.

(c) Pushing a movingbicycle of an object.

(d) Pushing a movingball at the rightangles to the

direction of motion

of a movingobject.

2 State the types of force.

(a) force is produced when two

surfaces rub against each other.

(b) force is the force that

opposes motion.

(c) force pulls objects towards

the Earth.

(d) force is the attractive or

repulsive force exerted by magnets.(e) force is produced when

electrons move through a conductor.

3 (a) The rougher the surfaces in contact, the

the frictional force acting on them.

(b) The heavier the object, the the frictional

force acting on it.

(c) The magnitude of the frictional force is not affected

by the .

4 Fill in the blanks with correct words.

springbalance

weight

(a) Force is measured using a

(b) Force is measured in the

unit of

5 The wooden block is pulled on different surfaces incontact and the magnitude of the frictional force isrecorded.

wooden block

SurfaceReading of spring

balance (N)

Table 4

Floor 6

Sand paper 7

(a) Draw the direction of friction using arrows in thediagram above.

(b) State the variables involved in this experiment.

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Constant variable

(c) Drinking straw (d) Suction pump

dirt

7 Gas will change to liquid if it is or placed under .

Chapter 7


13/14

dfgasgH13

(c) Based on the reading in the table, draw a bar chart toshow the readings of the spring balance on differentsurfaces.

R e a d i n g o f s p r i n g b a l a n c e ( N ) 10

8

6

4

2

0 Table Floor Sand paper

Surface

6 State one advantage and one disadvantage of friction.

(a) Advantange:

(b) Disadvantage:

7 State two methods to reduce friction.

(a) Using

(b) Adding

8 The unit of work done and power are and

respectively.

9 State whether the work is done (‘D’) or not done (‘N’) forthe following situations.

(a) Sitting on the chair:

(b) Pushing a table:

(c) Washing a cloth:

(d) Pressing the table:

(e) Sleeping on the bed:

(f) Pedalling a bicycle:

10 State two factors that affect the work done of an object.

The and the that the object

moves over.

11 (a) A worker pulled a box over a distance of 10 m with aforce of 8 N. Calculate the work done.

Work done = Force x Distance

Work done=

(b) A boy pushed a 5 kg table over a distance of 3 m.Calculate the work done. [g = 10 Nkg -1]

Work done=

1 Based on the given animals, state the way they gain

support.

Invertebrate Supported by

(a) Spider, ant, grasshopper

(b) Caterpillar, earthworm, slug

(c) Squid, jellyfish, starfish

Vertebrate Supported by

(d) Rat, tiger, bird

(e) Whale, dolphin

2 Whales have very weak pelvic and pectoral girdles

because they are supported by the .

3 Based on the given plants, state the way they gainsupport.

Plants Supported by

(a) Rambutan, durian trees

(b) Balsam plants, cabbage

(c) Bitter gourd, cucumber

(d) Rose, bouganvillea, rattan

(e) Water lily, Hydrilla

(f) Morning glory, long bean

(g) Maize plant, sugarcane

4 Label the structure in the cross-section of the aquaticplant’s stem and fill in the blanks with suitable words.

(a)(b) Aquatic plants have

to enable

them to

in water.

12 A student pushed a 100 N bicycle over a distance of15 m in 5 s. Calculate the power generated by him.

Power = Force x Distance = Work done

Time Time

Power =

Chapter 8


14/14

dfgasg H14

1 Identify the classes of lever.

(a)Effort

Load

lever

1 is the point of equilibrium of an object.

2 (a) Mark ‘• c.g.’ for the centre of gravity of the shapesbelow.

(i) (ii) (iii)

(b) The of the object will

determine the position of the centre of gravity.

3 State two factors that affect the stability of an object.

(a) The

(b) The

4 (a) The the centre of gravity, the

stable the object.

(b) The the base area, the

stable the object.

5 Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

(a)

P

Q

(b)

R S

Object is

more stable because theof object

is lower.

Object is

more stable because theof object

is larger.

6 Giraffes spread out their legs while drinking water to lower

the and to increase the .

7 The elephant and rhinoceros have big and short legs

to lower their and to increase the

.

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

(b) Effort

Load

lever (c)

Effort

Load

lever

2 State the classes of lever based on the given information.

Class of lever Information

(a) Second The is located

between the and the

(b) Third The is located

between the and the

(c) First The is located

between the and the

3 The force and the load act in opposite directions for the

and class of levers.

4 Determine the classes of levers for the tools below.(First-class: ‘1’, second-class: ‘2’, third-class: ‘3’).

(a) Crowbar:

(b) Paper cutter:(c) Wheelbarrow:

(d) Fishing rod:

(e) Scissors:

(f) Ice tongs:

(g) Bottle opener:

(h) Pliers:

5 What is the weight of the load if the effort exerted is60 N?

[Load x distance of the load = Force x distance of the

force] Effort

Load

15 cm

20 cm

Documents

PT3 Science PMR Highlightsd