Protista - University of Rio Grande · Kingdom Protista Sunday, ... Chlamydomonas ﬁg 21.5 Often ﬂagellated, single, ... Amoeba Entamoeba - amoebic dysentery

Biology 2

Protista

Sunday, February 10, 2013

Domain Archaea

Domain Bacteria

Domain Eukarya

3 Domains

Fungi AnimalsPlants

Protists

Bacteria

Archaea


Domain/Kingdom Bacteria• prokaryotic

• peptidoglycan in cell walls

• mostly heterotrophic species - pathogens, saprotrophs, mutualistic

• a few autotrophic - cyanobacteria, chemoautotrophs


Domain/Kingdom Archaea

• prokaryotic

• no peptidoglycan in cell wall

• branched phospholipids

• many extremophiles - methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles


• Eukaryotic = have nucleus

• Single-cells or groups of similar cells.

• Variety of feeding types

• Sex cells not contained in organs.

Kingdom Protista


Protist Evolution: Endosymbiotic Theory

Textbook Fig. 21.1

•Protists obtained mitochondria and chloroplasts when cells engulfed prokaryotic cells.•Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membrane and their own DNA•Inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to prokaryotes, outer membrane to eukaryotes


• Animal-like - Protozoa

• Fungi-like - Water Molds & Slime Molds

• Plant-like - Algae

Kingdom Protista


•Photosynthetic•Generally aquatic•Several phyla

Algae


• Chlorophyll a & b (same as plants)Green Algae

Chlorophytes Charophytes

Volvoxfig 21.5

UlvaStonewort

CharaSpirogyrafig 21.8

Chlamydomonasfig 21.5

Often flagellated, single, colony

Filaments, reproduce like plants


• multicellular “sea weeds”• chlorophyll & red & blue pigments• source of agar• source of carrageenin

Red Algae

fig 21.10


• multicellular “sea weeds”

• Brown pigment as well as chlorophyll

Brown Algae

Fucus


• Brown pigment

• Silicon cell wall “etched glass”

Diatoms

fig 21.12


• Single cells• Plate-like armor (cellulose, silicon)• Flagella in grooves - horizontal, vertical

Dinoflagellates

fig 21.12


Amoeboid form Flagellate form Encysted form

Dinoflagellate - Pfeisteria“The Cell from Hell”


Red TideDinoflagellate - Gymnodinium

• produces neurotoxin• can cause massive fish kills• humans - paralytic shellfish poisoning

(stops respiration)

fig 21.15


Animal - Like ProtistsThe Protozoa

unicellularclassified by movement


• Move by cilia• Engulf food - oral groove

Ciliates

Paramecium Stentor

fig 21.16


• 2 flagella - 1 long and 1 short• eyespot• most autotrophic

Phacus

Euglenoids

Euglena

fig 21.18


• Flagella• 2 nuclei

Giardia - Giardosis

Diplomonads

fig 21.19


• flagellum along membrane• kinetoplast - mass of DNA in mitochondria

Trypanosoma - African Sleeping

Sickness

Kinetoplastids

fig 21.20


• flagellum within collar

Choanoflagellates

fig 21.23


• Move by pseudopods• Feed by phagocytosis

Amoeboids

Amoeba Entamoeba - amoebic dysentery

fig 21.21


• thin pseudopods and test

Other Amoeboids

fig 21.24


• Parasitic• Non-motile• Apical complex - organelle present at tip

when infective

Apicomplexans

Plasmodium - malaria Toxoplasma - litter box disease

fig 21.17


Fungi-Like ProtistsThe Water Molds

• many decomposers (saprotrophs)• some parasitic

fig 21.14


Water Moldspotato blight


Fungi-Like ProtistsSlime Molds


Documents

Protista - University of Rio Grande · Kingdom Protista Sunday, ... Chlamydomonas ﬁg 21.5 Often ﬂagellated, single, ... Amoeba Entamoeba - amoebic dysentery