Progressives:Progressives:A Reaction to A Reaction to Excesses of Excesses of

IndustrializationIndustrialization1900-19201900-1920

Tuesday, February 7Tuesday, February 7

Quiz ProgressivesQuiz ProgressivesReview TestReview TestGradesGradesProject?Project?

Quiz:Quiz:

1.1. List basic ideas students know List basic ideas students know about the Progressives?about the Progressives?

2.2. Who are “Muckrakers”Who are “Muckrakers”

3.3. What issues are important to What issues are important to women in this period?- describe at women in this period?- describe at least three.least three.

Progressive EraProgressive EraWhat to knowWhat to know

Origins of Progressivism Origins of Progressivism Progressive attitudes and Progressive attitudes and

motives motives Muckrakers Muckrakers Social Gospel Social Gospel

Municipal, state, and Municipal, state, and national reforms national reforms Political: suffrage Political: suffrage Social and economic: Social and economic:

regulation regulation Socialism: alternatives Socialism: alternatives Black America Black America

Washington, Du Bois, and Washington, Du Bois, and Garvey Garvey

Urban migration Urban migration Civil rights organizations Civil rights organizations

Women's role: family, Women's role: family, work, education, work, education, unionization, and suffrage unionization, and suffrage

Roosevelt's Square Deal Roosevelt's Square Deal Managing the trusts Managing the trusts Conservation Conservation

Taft Taft Pinchot-Ballinger Pinchot-Ballinger

controversy controversy Payne-Aldrich Tariff Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Wilson's New Freedom Wilson's New Freedom Tariffs Tariffs Banking reform Banking reform Antitrust Act of 1914Antitrust Act of 1914

Key Terms to MemorizeKey Terms to Memorize ProgressivesProgressives MuckrakersMuckrakers- examples- examples Social GospelSocial Gospel McCluresMcClures Social WorkSocial Work ReformersReformers Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage ProhibitionProhibition 19th Amendment19th Amendment Political ReformsPolitical Reforms City ManagerCity Manager InitiativeInitiative ReferendumReferendum RecallRecall Child Labor Child Labor Antitrust Act of 1914Antitrust Act of 1914 Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair The JungleThe Jungle A.C.L.U.A.C.L.U.

Black America Black America Washington Washington DuBois, DuBois, GarveyGarvey T. Roosevelt Square DealT. Roosevelt Square Deal Managing the trusts Managing the trusts Conservation Conservation Taft Taft Pinchot-Ballinger controversy Pinchot-Ballinger controversy Payne-Aldrich Tariff Payne-Aldrich Tariff WCTUWCTU 18th Amendment18th Amendment Wilson's New Freedom Wilson's New Freedom Tariffs Tariffs Banking reform Banking reform 1616thth , 17 , 17thth, 18, 18thth, 19, 19thth

AmendmentsAmendments

Monday 2-6Monday 2-6

1.1. Teen Court Survey 5 minutesTeen Court Survey 5 minutes

2.2. DBQ Review Tuesday-DBQ Review Tuesday-

3.3. Grades see me after schoolGrades see me after school

4.4. May 5 is the “D-Day” You need to May 5 is the “D-Day” You need to know your history… key people, know your history… key people, places, events, ideas…places, events, ideas…

5.5. Using Categories to study historyUsing Categories to study history

6.6. Debrief last 15 minutesDebrief last 15 minutes

Categorizing InformationCategorizing Information

1.1. Categorize Categorize information from information from the first 10 pages of the first 10 pages of reading based on reading based on the following:the following:

2.2. In pairs review your In pairs review your reading notesreading notes

3.3. Create a chartCreate a chart

4.4. Some categories Some categories may not be may not be representedrepresented

PoliticalPolitical ReligiousReligious IntellectualIntellectual CulturalCultural Economic Economic Technological Technological ArtisticArtistic SocialSocial

Progressives=Reform Progressives=Reform MovementMovement

Progressive movement comes out as a Progressive movement comes out as a reaction to the excesses of reaction to the excesses of industrialization.industrialization. PovertyPoverty CorruptionCorruption Working conditionsWorking conditions Immigrant living conditionsImmigrant living conditions Immigrant “Degeneracy” social issues Immigrant “Degeneracy” social issues

associated with immigrants, associated with immigrants, pejorative-pejorative- dirty, dirty, non-English speakers, Alcohol abuse… non-English speakers, Alcohol abuse…

WASP movement- concerned with changes- a WASP movement- concerned with changes- a movement to regain control…movement to regain control…

Progressives Rise Progressives Rise BecauseBecause

Rapid industrialization (Laissez Faire Rapid industrialization (Laissez Faire economics) and urbanization (Social economics) and urbanization (Social Darwinism) causes intolerable Darwinism) causes intolerable problemsproblems

Middle class WASPs were driving Middle class WASPs were driving force behind movementforce behind movement

Need for Need for reformreform Need for orderNeed for order Need to remedy industrial problemsNeed to remedy industrial problems

Progressive Constitutional Progressive Constitutional AmendmentsAmendments

1616thth Amendment= Income Taxes Amendment= Income Taxes 1717thth Amendment= Direct Election of Amendment= Direct Election of

SenatorsSenators 1818thth Amendment= Prohibition of Amendment= Prohibition of

AlcoholAlcohol 1919thth Amendment= Women’s Vote Amendment= Women’s Vote

Central IdeasCentral Ideas

Optimistic-Optimistic- Bi-Partisan- Both parties had memebersBi-Partisan- Both parties had memebers Progress – things are getting betterProgress – things are getting better Society was capable of improvementSociety was capable of improvement Intervention was needed- Intervention was needed-

to limit big Businessto limit big Business To end political corruptionTo end political corruption Solve social problems of alcohol abuseSolve social problems of alcohol abuse

Issues:Issues:

Social Reforms- Prohibition, support Social Reforms- Prohibition, support for immigrationfor immigration

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage Anti-Political Corruption- Federal, Anti-Political Corruption- Federal,

State, City ReformState, City Reform Trust Busting- limiting businessTrust Busting- limiting business

Reciprocal TeachingReciprocal Teaching

Do the following for the 10 pages you Do the following for the 10 pages you readread

Summarize-Summarize- main ideas and key points main ideas and key points of reading assignment.of reading assignment.

Question-Question- What questions can be What questions can be answered from this section of reading?answered from this section of reading?

Clarify-Clarify- Was there any info clarified for Was there any info clarified for you?you?

Predict-Predict- what will you learn about next? what will you learn about next?

MuckrakersMuckrakers

McluresMclures Lincoln Steffen'sLincoln Steffen's Jacob RiisJacob Riis

Political ReformsPolitical Reforms

City State and FederalCity State and Federal City Managers- City Managers- Commission- appointed community members Commission- appointed community members

to Government bodies- to reduce corruption to Government bodies- to reduce corruption (outside party politics)(outside party politics)

Goal to expand Democracy and counter Goal to expand Democracy and counter Corruption Corruption Initiative- citizens can bring Initiative- citizens can bring Referendum- vote of the citizens on an issueReferendum- vote of the citizens on an issue Recall- voters can remove an elected official from Recall- voters can remove an elected official from

office-office-

Women’s IssuesWomen’s Issues Poverty, Alcoholism, Child Labor, Prostitution, Poverty, Alcoholism, Child Labor, Prostitution,

Public Health, Birth Control, ProhibitionPublic Health, Birth Control, Prohibition Middle class, more educated, different Middle class, more educated, different

vocations, nurses, teaching, medicine, social vocations, nurses, teaching, medicine, social work…work…

LeadersLeaders Susan B. Anthony (Early Suffragette)Susan B. Anthony (Early Suffragette) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Early Suffragette)Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Early Suffragette) Jane Addams- Hull House (Social Reformer)Jane Addams- Hull House (Social Reformer) Ida B. Wells (protested lynching)Ida B. Wells (protested lynching) Margaret Sanger (Birth Control advocate)Margaret Sanger (Birth Control advocate)

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

National American Women’s Suffrage National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)Association (NAWSA)

Long movementLong movement Begins as a state movement- Southern Begins as a state movement- Southern

opposition and Northern citiesopposition and Northern cities Changes to Federal Constitutional Changes to Federal Constitutional

Amendment 19Amendment 19thth Amendment Amendment Wilson (Democrat) will back the Wilson (Democrat) will back the

amendment 1917amendment 1917 Becomes part of Constitution 1920Becomes part of Constitution 1920

ProhibitionProhibition

WCTU- Women’s Christian WCTU- Women’s Christian Temperance Union long time Temperance Union long time advocate of anti-alcohol movementadvocate of anti-alcohol movement

1818thth Amendment Passed during WWI Amendment Passed during WWI

Social GospelSocial Gospel ChristianChristian movement- movement-

contrast to Gospel of contrast to Gospel of Wealth Wealth

Task of Christianity is to Task of Christianity is to rescue the poor”rescue the poor”

Create the kingdom of Create the kingdom of god on Earthgod on Earth

Salvation Army- exampleSalvation Army- example ““Salvation ws not merely Salvation ws not merely

an individual matter but an individual matter but also a question of also a question of Constituting a just Constituting a just Society.”Society.”

Gospel of WealthGospel of Wealth View of WealthyView of Wealthy God rewards with God rewards with

wealthwealth Individual should work Individual should work

hard to get aheadhard to get ahead Philanthropy-wealthy Philanthropy-wealthy

return wealth to up lift return wealth to up lift society- Universities…society- Universities…

““It’s your duty to get It’s your duty to get rich”rich”

(IWW) International (IWW) International Workers of the WorldWorkers of the World

WobbliesWobblies Socialists Socialists Big Bill Haywood- leaderBig Bill Haywood- leader Eugene Debs- Socialist runs for Eugene Debs- Socialist runs for

President 3 timesPresident 3 times

African American African American LeadersLeaders

Different ApproachesDifferent Approaches Booker T. Washington- early Booker T. Washington- early

moderate 1880’smoderate 1880’s W.E.B. Dubois- progressive period- W.E.B. Dubois- progressive period-

more activismmore activism Marcus Garvy: Marcus Garvy:

African American IssuesAfrican American Issues Booker T. Washington-Booker T. Washington-

Early African American Early African American leader, former slaveleader, former slave

““Agitation of questions of Agitation of questions of Racial equality is extremist Racial equality is extremist folly”folly”

Moderate Moderate 1881 Founded Tuskegee 1881 Founded Tuskegee

Institute-Vocational school Institute-Vocational school for blacksfor blacks

Worked for African American Worked for African American progress, economic priorityprogress, economic priority

Wanted economic growth- Wanted economic growth- learn skills, work hard, learn skills, work hard, Acquire propertyAcquire property

The Atlanta Compromise- The Atlanta Compromise- famous speechfamous speech

Whites liked his ideasWhites liked his ideas

W. E. B. Dubois-W. E. B. Dubois- NAACP NAACP PHD HarvardPHD Harvard Militant leaderMilitant leader Advocated political and Advocated political and

social change for blackssocial change for blacks Wanted to end Wanted to end

discrimination for blacksdiscrimination for blacks Niagara movement leads Niagara movement leads

to the NAACPto the NAACP National Association for National Association for

the Advancement of the Advancement of Colored PeopleColored People

The The Souls of Black FolksSouls of Black Folks

Wed, 2-08Wed, 2-08

Check HomeworkCheck HomeworkQuizQuizReading: Reading: The JungleThe Jungle and Triangle Fire and Triangle FireMake 10 question test on AP outline-Make 10 question test on AP outline-Can be fill in the blank, or multiple Can be fill in the blank, or multiple

choice (5 choices) or matching- choice (5 choices) or matching- needs to be typed.needs to be typed.

Bring two copies- one for me with Bring two copies- one for me with answer key (Due Fri)answer key (Due Fri)

QuizQuiz

How is Roosevelt associated with the How is Roosevelt associated with the following (Summarize)following (Summarize)

““Square Deal”Square Deal”ConservationConservationBig BusinessBig Business

The JungleThe Jungle by Upton by Upton SinclairSinclair

1906 1906 Highlighted the problems associated with the Highlighted the problems associated with the

Meat Packing Industry in ChicagoMeat Packing Industry in Chicago Exploitation of immigrantsExploitation of immigrants Poor working conditionsPoor working conditions Spurred Changes:Spurred Changes: Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act Food and Drug Administration -Test and Food and Drug Administration -Test and

Certify DrugsCertify Drugs Meat Inspection Act- Inspection and labeling Meat Inspection Act- Inspection and labeling

of Meatof Meat

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Spanish American War Hero- Cuba- Spanish American War Hero- Cuba- Rough Riders-San Juan Hill Governor Rough Riders-San Juan Hill Governor of New York- Secretary of Navy- of New York- Secretary of Navy- McKinley’s-Vice President 1900.McKinley’s-Vice President 1900.

Assassination of McKinley 1901- by Assassination of McKinley 1901- by Anarchist- TR becomes youngest Anarchist- TR becomes youngest presidentpresident

Activist Conservative-wants to reform Activist Conservative-wants to reform but not too much-not radical changebut not too much-not radical change

TRTR

Interventionist- Government can Interventionist- Government can helphelp

Believed in Gospel of WealthBelieved in Gospel of Wealth Feared Social RevolutionFeared Social Revolution ““Bully Pulpit” platform from which Bully Pulpit” platform from which

to persuasively advocate an agenda. to persuasively advocate an agenda. Roosevelt often used the word "bully" Roosevelt often used the word "bully"

as an adjective meaning as an adjective meaning superb/wonderful. superb/wonderful.

““Square Deal”Square Deal”

Roosevelt’s agenda for the Roosevelt’s agenda for the country – “a Square Deal for all” country – “a Square Deal for all” involved progressive legislation:involved progressive legislation:

Fair treatment of Labor and Fair treatment of Labor and BusinessBusiness

Steps in to help mediate a Coal Steps in to help mediate a Coal Miners strikeMiners strike

TR SupportedTR Supported

11

Trust BustingTrust Busting

TR wanted to limit the trustsTR wanted to limit the trusts Used Sherman Anti-Trust ActUsed Sherman Anti-Trust Act Supported the Department of CommerceSupported the Department of Commerce Bureau of Corporations-Bureau of Corporations- to regulate to regulate

corporationscorporations In 1902 Roosevelt ordered the break up In 1902 Roosevelt ordered the break up

of the massive Northern Securities of the massive Northern Securities Company and in 1904 he was supported Company and in 1904 he was supported by the Supreme Court which ordered the by the Supreme Court which ordered the company dissolvedcompany dissolved

ConservationConservation

TR was a proponent of saving the TR was a proponent of saving the wildernesswilderness

New lands Reclamation Act (set New lands Reclamation Act (set aside National Forests and reserves)aside National Forests and reserves) Gifford Pinchot – forest conservationistGifford Pinchot – forest conservationist Created the Forrest RangersCreated the Forrest Rangers

TaftTaft

Hand picked successor to RooseveltHand picked successor to Roosevelt Conservative Republican-Pro Conservative Republican-Pro

business (Less Progressive)business (Less Progressive)

TR and the Election of TR and the Election of 19121912

TR comes out of retirementTR comes out of retirement ““New Nationalism” = more radical reform New Nationalism” = more radical reform

agenda than before (Bull Moose Party agenda than before (Bull Moose Party (mod Republicans)(mod Republicans)

Social Justice can only occur through Social Justice can only occur through government interventiongovernment intervention More regulation of businessMore regulation of business Tariff reductionTariff reduction Regulate Women and child laborRegulate Women and child labor Raise taxes- Inheritance and income taxesRaise taxes- Inheritance and income taxes

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Election 1912Election 1912

WilsonWilson PHD-Professor then President of PHD-Professor then President of

Princeton- Political SciencePrinceton- Political Science Governor of New JerseyGovernor of New Jersey Agenda= “New Freedom”Agenda= “New Freedom”

Economic policy- regulate trusts – Economic policy- regulate trusts – Destroy MonopolyDestroy Monopoly Lower tariffLower tariff Federal Reserve Act 1913Federal Reserve Act 1913 Federal Trade commission- regulate business – Federal Trade commission- regulate business –

prosecute unfair tradeprosecute unfair trade Supported Clayton Anti Trust ActSupported Clayton Anti Trust Act

1616thth Amendment= Amendment= Income TaxesIncome Taxes

AMENDMENT XVIAMENDMENT XVI Passed by Congress Passed by Congress July 2, 1909. Ratified February 3, 1913.July 2, 1909. Ratified February 3, 1913.

NoteNote: Article I, section 9, of the : Article I, section 9, of the Constitution was modified by Constitution was modified by amendment 16.amendment 16.

The Congress shall have power to lay The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.census or enumeration.

1717thth Amendment= Direct Amendment= Direct Election of SenatorsElection of Senators

AMENDMENT XVIIAMENDMENT XVII Passed by Congress May 13, 1912. Passed by Congress May 13, 1912. Ratified April 8, 1913.Ratified April 8, 1913.

NoteNote: Article I, section 3, of the Constitution was modified : Article I, section 3, of the Constitution was modified by the 17th amendment.by the 17th amendment.

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: ProvidedProvided, That , That the legislature of any State may empower the executive the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.valid as part of the Constitution.

1818thth Amendment= Amendment= Prohibition of AlcoholProhibition of Alcohol

AMENDMENT XVIIIAMENDMENT XVIII Passed by Congress December 18, Passed by Congress December 18, 1917. Ratified January 16, 1919. Repealed by amendment 21.1917. Ratified January 16, 1919. Repealed by amendment 21.

Section 1.Section 1.After one year from the ratification of this article the After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.prohibited.

Section 2.Section 2.The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3.Section 3.This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

1919thth Amendment= Women’s Amendment= Women’s SuffrageSuffrage

AMENDMENT XIXAMENDMENT XIX Passed by Congress June 4, 1919. RaPassed by Congress June 4, 1919. Ratified August 18, 1920.tified August 18, 1920.

The right of citizens of the United The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.any State on account of sex.

Congress shall have power to Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate enforce this article by appropriate legislation.legislation.