Populists & Progressives

Essential Question

To what extent did the populists and progressives achieve their goals?

Farmers and the Populist MovementChapter 5, Section 3

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Video

Mary Elizabeth Lease

Farmers Unite to Address Common

Problems

What economic problems did many farmers face during the

late 1800s?

Crop prices

fall

Mortgage farm

Buy more land

Produce more crops

Vicious cycle

What economic problems did many farmers face during the

late 1800s?

Good farm land becomes scarce

Bank foreclose on mortgages

Railroads charging excessive prices for shipping and storage

Why did farmers favor “cheap money”?

Retired“greenbacks”

Less $ in circulation

Paid back loans with $ worth more than $ they borrowed

Crop prices falling1867-1887 bushel wheat fell from $2.00 to

$0.68

Banks foreclosing on mortgages

How did farmers try to address their problems and

grievances?

The Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange)Oliver Hudson KelleyOpposed banks,

railroadsSupported political

candidatesOriginally supposed to

be social organization

How did farmers try to address their problems and

grievances?

Farmers Alliances Included those

who sympathized with farmers

These organizations represented the PEOPLE not money

The Rise and fall of Populism

PopulismMovement of the People

Born with founding of Populist Party in 1892

Fought for rights of farmers and laborers and battled railroad companies

Represented a third political party

What reforms did the Populist Party promote?Economic Reforms

• Increase in money supply

• Graduated income tax

• Federal loan program

Governmental Reforms

• Direct election of senators by popular vote

• Single terms for President and VP

• Secret ballot to end voter fraud

• Restrictions on immigration

What reforms did the Populist Party promote?Economic Reforms

• Increase in money supply

• Graduated income tax

• Federal loan program

Governmental Reforms

• Direct election of senators by popular vote

• Single terms for President and VP

• Secret ballot to end voter fraud

• Restrictions on immigration

What were the causes and consequences of the Panic of

1893?

Causes

Railroads went bankrupt

Government gold supply running thin

People panicked and traded money for gold

Consequences

Wall Street stocks fell

By end of year, 15,000 businesses & 500 banks collapsed

3 million jobs lost 5% of the population Today 9.1%

unemployed

Why did the Populist movement collapse?

Argument over which metal would be basis of money system

Gold Bugs Republicans

Bankers, businessmen, city people

Gold Standard $ backed only by gold

Effects: Less $ in circulation Prices fall Value of $ increases

1896 Presidential Nominee William McKinley

Silverites Democrats & Populists

Farmers and Laborers

Bimetallism $ backed by gold &

silver

Effects: More $ in circulation Prices increase Value of $ decreases

1896 Presidential Nominee William Jennings Bryan

“Cross of Gold” speechWilliam Jennings Bryan

McKinley vs. Bryan

Why did the Populist movement collapse?

McKinley won election of 1896

McKinley carried East and Industrial Midwest

Bryan carried South and farmers of Midwest

Industrial Midwest elected McKinley

Populism collapsed

Taking NotesIdentify the causes of the rise of the

Populist Party and the effects the party had.

Causes

?

?

?

Effects

?

?

?

Taking NotesIdentify the causes of the rise of the

Populist Party and the effects the party had.

Causes

Falling prices for crops

Inability to repay loans

Excessive railroad prices

Effects

New ideas that later became law

Political forum for addressing special interests

Message of hope to downtrodden

The Origins of ProgressivismChapter 9, Section 1

Four Goals of Progressivism

What were the four goals of progressivism?

Protecting Social Welfare Social Gospel Movement Settlement House Movement YMCA Salvation Army Florence Kelley

Advocate for women and children Illinois Factory Act of 1893 Prohibited child labor/limited women’s work hrs.

What were the four goals of progressivism?

Promoting Moral ImprovementProhibition – 18th Amendment (1919)Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

(WCTU)Became largest woman’s group in nations

historyAnti Saloon League –“the Church in action

against the Saloon”

Carry Nation

What were the four goals of progressivism?

Creating Economic ReformPanic of 1893 caused some to question

capitalismEugene V. Debs organized American

Socialist Party in 1901Muckrakers

Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair

Journalists who wrote about corruption in business and public life

Muckrakers

Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell

What were the four goals of progressivism?

Fostering efficiencyFaith in experts and scientific

principles to make society betterScientific management studiesIntroduction of assembly lines

How did Prohibition fit into the

reform movement?It was believed

that alcohol was undermining

America morals.18th Amendment

Cleaning Up Local Government

How did natural disasters help launch the movement to reform

local government?

1900, Galveston, TX – hurricane and tidal wave Adopted the commission idea as a form of

government 5 member commission of experts in charge of

city departments

1913, Dayton, OH – flood Adoption of council-manager form of

government City council make laws

How did reform mayors clean up their local

governments?

Hazen Pingree of Detroit, MI Fairer tax structure, lowered fairs for public

transportation, rooted out corruption, and set up a system of work relief for unemployed

Tom Johnson of Cleveland, OH Converting the utilities to publicly owned

enterprises

Reform at the State Level

Robert La Follette“Fighting Bob”

Wisconsin governor and US Senator

Major target railroadsTaxed at same rate as other business propertySet up commission to regulate ratesForbade railroads to issue free passes to state

officials

Led the way in regulating big business and reducing control of big business over state legislators

How did reforms protect children?

National Child Labor Committee (1904) Gathered evidence of children working in harsh

conditions

Keating-Owen Act (1916) Prohibited the transportation across state line

of goods produced with child labor 1918 – Supreme Court declared act

unconstitutional due to inference with states’ rights

How did reform change working conditions?

Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limit women to 10 hour work day

Bunting v. Oregon (1917) Limit men to 10 hour work day

Workers’ compensation Aid the families of workers hurt or killed on the

job

What kinds of political reforms took place at the

state level?

Progressive Era reform legislation provided for increased direct participation in government. Initiative – a bill originated by the people on the ballot Referendum – a vote on the initiative Recall – enabled voters to remove public officials from

elected positions by forcing them to face another election

The Direct Primary – gave citizens a way to participate in the selection of a presidential candidate

Secret Ballot – candidates are selected from a single, uniform ballot

What kinds of political reforms took place at the

state level?

17th AmendmentRatified 1913Direct election of senators

Video

Taking NotesFill in the web with examples of

organizations that worked for reform in the areas named.

Progressives Reform

Economic

Moral

Political

Social Welfar

e

Taking NotesFill in the web with examples of

organizations that worked for reform in the areas named.

Progressives Reform

Economic

American Socialist

Party

muckrakers

Moral

WCTC

Anti-Saloon League

Political

National Child Labor

Committee

Social Welfare

YMCA

Salvation Army

Women Lead Reform

How did the opening of women’s colleges help create new opportunities for women?

Marriage was no longer a woman’s only alternative.

Many applied their skills to social reform

Why were there women leaders in the movements to reform social welfare, public morals, and race

relations?

The participation of educated women often strengthened the existing reform groups and provided leadership for new ones.

Susan B. Anthony

• Leading proponent of woman’s suffrage

• Founded National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)

• 3 part strategy• State legislatures• Court cases to test

14th Amendment• Pushed for

national constitutional amendment

Health and the Environment

What legislation passed during Roosevelt’s presidency

protected citizens?

Meat Inspection Act (1906) Cleanliness requirements for meatpackers Created federal meat inspection

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Stopped sale of contaminated food and

medicines Truth in labeling

What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?

ConservationPrimary concern John Muir – naturalist and writerSet aside 148 million acres of forest reserveAppointed Gifford Pinchot as head of US

Forest Service Convinced TR to conserve forests and grazing lands by

making them exempt from public sale

National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act) Money from sale of public lands in West funded

large scale irrigation projects

Roosevelt and Civil Rights

Who was W.E.B.

DuBois?• Published The

Souls of Black Folk in 1903

• Advocated higher education of the “talented tenth” of black youth

• Only way to progress was to “educate and agitate”

• 1909 helped establish NAACP

Wilson Wins Financial Reforms

How did Wilson reform banking?

Federal Reserve Act (1913) Decentralized private banking system under

federal control 12 districts with a regional central bank Issue paper currency in emergency Transfer funds to member banks in trouble

Women Win Suffrage

How did women finally win the vote?

Increased activism of local groups

The use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm for the movement

The rebirth of the national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt

What was the Nineteenth

Amendment?Granted women right to vote (1920)

72 years after the Seneca Falls convention in 1848.