PROCEDURE1. The dye injector was lowered until it is seen in the
glass tube.2. The inlet valve, V1 was opened in order to allow the
water to enter the stilling tank.3. A small overflow spillage
through the over flow tube was ensured to maintain a constant
level. 4. The water was allowed to settle for a few minutes. 5. The
flow control valve was opened fractionally to allow the water to
flow through the visualizing tube. 6. The dye control needle valve
was adjusted slowly until a slow flow with dye injection is
achieved. 7. The water valve, V1 and outer valve, V2 was regulated
until a straight identifiable dye line was achieved. 8. The time
was set to constant at 10 second for one flow. The first flow that
develops was laminar flow. The outlet volume was collected for
three times to get more accurate reading and the average of the
flow was calculated. 9. The flow rate was measured using volumetric
method. 10. The experiment was repeated to producing the
transitional and turbulent flow by changed the valve, V1 and outlet
valve, V2. 11. The data was recorded.
OBJECTIVE The objective for this experiment was:1. To
investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation applied to the
steady flow of water in a tapered duct. 2. To measure the flow
rates, both static and total pressure heads in a rigid
convergent/divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady
flow rates. 3. To compute Reynoldss number and determine Reynoldss
number.4. To observe the characteristic of fluid whether laminar,
transitional or turbulent flow 5. To determine the upper and lower
critical velocities at transitional flow
APPENDIX
Laminar flowTransitional flow
Turbulent flow
ABSTRACT/SUMMARYInlet Valve, V1StopwatchOsborne Reynolds
Demonstration Unit
The main aim for this experiment was to investigate the type of
flow of the fluid whether laminar, transitional or turbulent flow
by observing the dye line and using the calculation of the
Reynoldss number to determine the flow of fluid. The apparatus used
in this experiment was stopwatch, measuring cylinder, and Osborn
Reynolds Demonstration unit By doing this experiment, the flow of
fluid can be observed by using the dye plus water in the head tank.
The outlet volume was collected three times with constant time of
10 second. Using the flow rate from the water, the Reynolds number
was determined. When the Reynolds number, Re < 2000 the flow is
Laminar but when Re > 4000 the flow is turbulent and when 2000
< Re < 4000 it is called transition flow. From the data that
was collected, this experiment shows that all these three types of
flow were existed.
