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Afghan Opiate Trade and Africa- A Baseline Assessment
(Working title)
February 2016
PREFACE TO THE PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFT Enhancing the knowledge on patterns and trends of the Afghan opiate trade remains an important area for
the Afghan Opiate Trade Project (AOTP) (GLOV20). AOTP has released several project reports such as The
Global Afghan Opium Trade (2011), The Afghan opiate trade through the Southern Route (2015) on the flow
of Afghan opiates in which the findings identified the need for a further study focusing on opiate trafficking
to and through Africa. The objective is to enhance knowledge on trafficking of Afghan opiates from
Afghanistan, through the Southern Route, to the African Continent and further trafficking from Africa to
Europe.
Afghan Opiate Trade and Africa- a baseline assessment involves the study of opiate trafficking through the
Southern Route to Africa. It includes an analysis of the latest available statistical data and trends regarding
the illicit trafficking of opiate, the trafficking modus operandi and beneficiaries to Africa.
The majority of data used in the report was obtained from the UNODC’s Drugs-Monitoring Platform (a joint
AOTP & Paris Pact Initiative), the Annual Response Questionnaires (ARQ), submitted by Member States on
an annual basis, and the Individual Drug Seizure (IDS) database. Unless specified otherwise, data in this
document considers only those cases where information for all required parameters (such as departure
country / destination country / method of transport) was available.
The present document containsstatistical material that will be used for the preparation of the Afghan
Opiate Trade and Africa – A baseline assessment report. Member States are encouraged to review the
statistical material contained in this pre-publication document and forward any comments to the UNODC.
Only comments received by 26- January- 2016 will be taken into account for the finalisation of the report,
which is scheduled to be published in February 2016.
This document is to be used exclusively for review by Member States and is not for quotation or
dissemination.
Please send comments to: Statistics and Surveys Section UNODC, Vienna International Centre P.O. Box 500 A-1400 Vienna, Austria E-Mail: [email protected]
2
Explanatory Notes This report has been produced without formal editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The names of territories and administrative areas are in italics. Countries and areas are referred to by the names that were in official use at the time the relevant data were collected. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Dashed lines represent undetermined boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. The final boundary between the Sudan and South Sudan has not yet been determined.
3
Contents
PREFACE TO THE PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFT .............................................................. 1
Explanatory Notes ..................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 6
2. Opiate trafficking to and through Africa ............................................................. 9
2.1. Eastern Africa ..................................................................................................................................17
2.2. West and Central Africa ...................................................................................................................23
2.2.1. Other countries in West and Central Africa ..............................................................................25
2.3. Northern Africa ...............................................................................................................................26
3. Impact and challenges ....................................................................................... 33
4
Glossary
AA Acetic Anhydride
AGE Anti-Government Element
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AND Anti-Narcotic Department, Jordan
ANSF Afghanistan’s National Security Force
ANF Anti Narcotics Forces, Pakistan
AOTP Afghan Opiate Trade Project
ARQ Annual Report Questionnaire
AFTA Asia Free Trade Area
APTA Asia Pacific Trade Agreement
ATS Amphetamine-Type Stimulants
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
BKA Bundeskriminalamt, Germany
CARICC Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre
CCP UNODC Global Container Control Programme
CEN Customs Enforcement Network
CEWG Community Epidemiology Work Group
CID Central Investigation Department, Nigeria
CMF Combined Maritime Forces
CNP Cuerpo Nacional de Policia, Spain
CNPA Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan
COAFG UNODC Country Office for Afghanistan
DEA Drug Enforcement Administration, United States of America
DELTA Database on Estimates and Long Term Trend Analysis
GBP British Pound Sterling
GDP Gross Domestic Product
DMP Drugs Monitoring Platform
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
EMCDDA European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
EU European Union
EUROPOL European Police Office
FC Frontier Corps, Pakistan
gm Grams
ha Hectares
HDI Human Development Index
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
5
I.R. Islamic Republic
IDS Individual Drug Seizures
IDU Injecting drug use
INCB International Narcotics Control Board
INSCR International Narcotics Control Strategy Report
INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization
ISAF International Security Assistance Force
kg Kilograms
km Kilometres
mt Metric ton
MCN Ministry of Counter Narcotics, Afghanistan
MAR-INFO An information system executed by the EU Council Customs Working Party
MOI Ministry of Interior
No. Number
NCA National Crime Agency, United Kingdom
NCB Narcotics Control Bureau, India
NDLEA National Drug Law Enforcement Agency, Nigeria
PDR People’s Democratic Republic
RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police
RILO Regional Intelligence Liaison Office
ROSA Regional Office for South Asia
ROSEN Regional Office for West and Central Africa
S.A.R Special Administrative Region
SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Area
SOCA Serious Organised Crime Agency
TTP Tehreek-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNDSS United Nations Department of Safety and Security
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
USD U.S. dollar
WCO World Customs Organization
ZKA Zollkriminalamt
6
1. Introduction
Map 1: Indicative Afghan heroin trafficking routes
Source: UNODC elaboration, based on seizure data from Drug Monitoring Platform (DMP), Individual Drug Seizures (IDS) and Annual Report
Questionnaires (ARQ), supplemented by national government reports and other official reports.
7
Map 2: Member states in Africa that provided annual reports questionnaire drug supply data for 2013
Source: UNODC, based on responses to Annual Report Questionnaire (2013) and supplemented by national government reports and other official reports, World Drug Report 2015
8
Map 3: Opium cultivation in Afghanistan, 2014
Source: Afghanistan Opium Survey 2014, UNODC
Figure 1: Seizures of opium, morphine and heroin in Afghanistan 2004-2013
Source: UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ) and Database on Estimates and Long-term Trend Analysis (DELTA)
9
2. Opiate trafficking to and through Africa
Map 4: Reported heroin seizures in Africa (2009-2013)
Source: UNODC, based on drug seizure data from Drug Monitoring Platform (DMP), Individual Drug Seizures (IDS) and
Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ), supplemented by national government reports and other official reports
10
Figure 2: Overview of opiate users in Africa
Source: World Drug Report, UNODC (2015)
Figure 3: Quantity of heroin seized in Africa 2003-2013
Source: UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ) and Database on Estimates and Long-term Trend Analysis (DELTA) supplemented by national government reports and other official reports
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
East Africa North Africa Southern Africa West and CentralAfrica
United States ofAmerica
Nu
mb
er o
f o
pia
te u
sers
(in
hu
nd
red
th
ou
san
ds)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
Qu
anti
ty o
f her
oin
sei
zed
(kilo
gram
s)
East Africa
West and Central Africa
Africa (total)
11
Image 1: Seizure of 981 kg of heroin off the eastern coast of Africa in June 2015
(Left) One of the dhows boarded by CMF. (Right) Seized drugs prior to being destroyed.
Source: Combined Maritime Forces
Figure 4: Laboratories Seized in South Africa (2005-2010)
0
10
20
30
40
50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Nu
mb
er o
f La
bo
rato
ries
Methcathinone Methamphetamine
12
Map 5: Prevalence of opioid use in Africa
Source: World Drug Report 2015
13
Figure 5: Distribution of opiate users in the main markets of the Western and Central Europe, 2013
Source: ARQs; Government data (United Kingdom); UNODC World Drug Report 2015
Figure 6: Departure regions for heroin seized in Italy 2013
Source: Annual Report 2013, Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga (Italy)
18%
10%
16%
30%
26%
France
Germany
Italy
UK
Rest of West andCentral Europe
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Am
ou
nt
of
her
oin
sei
zed
(kg
)
14
Table 1: Heroin seizures in Belgian airports identified as departing from Africa in 2011-2013
Year Qty
(kg) Departure Transit Destination arrests Route
2011 1.12 Uganda Belgium Spain Cameroon
national
Entebbe - Brussels
2012 7.26 Tanzania Ethiopia Belgium
Estonian
national
Kilimanjaro - Addis
Abeba - Brussels
2012 2.43 Benin n/a Belgium Nigerian
national
Cotounou - Brussels
2012 2.36 Kenya Belgium Slovenia Tanzanian
national
Nairobi - Brussels -
Ljubljana
2012 5.115 Burundi Belgium Italy British
national
Bujumbura - Brussels -
Italy
2012 2.46 Kenya n/a Belgium
Tanzanian
national
Nairobi - Brussels
2012 2.08 Kenya Belgium Italy
Tanzanian
national
Nairobi - Brussels -
Rome
2013 5.44 Kenya Belgium Hungary
Nairobi – Brussels -
Budapest
Source: Belgian Federal Police and Kenya national authorities
15
Figure 7: Departure countries for heroin seized in Italy, 2011
Source: Adapted from DCSA, Annual Report, 2011
Figure 8: Main destination countries for heroin seized at MMIA Airport (Lagos) in 2011-2012
Source: National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Nigeria
Greece29%
Tanzania21%Uganda
16%
Albania13%
Pakistan8%
Kenya4%
Cameroon3%
Benin3%
Ghana2%
Belgium1%
18%
10%
2% 7%
63%
United States
Spain
South Africa
Cameroon
Unknown
16
Figure 9 Seizures at Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in 2014
Source: National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Nigeria1
1 National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Nigeria, 2015 http://www.ndlea.gov.ng/v1/?q=content/ndlea-
arrest-rises-1622percent-mmia
120.44
107.855
10.83
108.645
51.01
37.285
10.83
Cocaine
Cannabis sativa
Ephedrine
Methamphetamine
Heroin
Psychotropic substances
Ephedrine
17
2.1. Eastern Africa
Map 6: Eastern Africa
18
Map 7: Heroin Seizures in Eastern Africa 2009 – 2013
19
Map 8:Indicative Afghan heroin trafficking routes to Eastern Africa
Source: UNODC elaboration, based on drug seizure data from Drug Monitoring Platform (DMP) ,Individual Drug
Seizures (IDS) and Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ), supplemented by national government reports and other
official reports
20
Figure 10: Quantity of heroin seized in Eastern Africa 1990- 2012
Source: UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ) and Database on Estimates and Long-term Trend Analysis (DELTA)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Uganda
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Seychelles
Rwanda
Mauritius
Madagascar
Kenya
Ethiopia
Djibouti
Burundi
21
Map 9: Reported heroin seizures, including seaports and main ferry lines across the Persian Gulf, as reported to UNODC presented in government reports and the media, 2010-2013
Source: UNODC Drugs Monitoring Platform (DMP) and Individual Drug Seizures (IDS)
Figure 11: Quantity of heroin seized by Combined Maritime Forces (2012-2014)
Source: Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2012 2013 2014
Wei
ght o
f her
oin
seize
d (k
g)
22
Figure 12: Number of drug seizure made by the CMF in 2014 (by month)
Source: Combined Maritime Forces
Image 2: Dhow from which 449kg of heroin was seized by CMF in May 2014.
Source: CMF
Narcotics Seizures 2014
NE MonsoonNE Monsoon SW Monsoon
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Nu
mb
er o
f N
arco
tics
Sei
zure
s p
er
mo
nth
23
2.2. West and Central Africa
Map 10: Locations of reported heroin seizures in West Africa as reported to UNODC, presented in government reports or in the media, 2009-2013
Source: UNODC, based on seizure data from Drug Monitoring Platform (DMP), Individual Drug Seizures (IDS) and Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ), supplemented by national government reports and other official reports
24
Map 11 : Average size (kg) of heroin seizures per country in West and Central Africa, 2010-2013
Source: UNODC Database on Estimates and Long-term Trend Analysis (DELTA)
25
2.2.1. Other countries in West and Central Africa
Figure 13: Average heroin amount seized annually in West and Central Africa by countries, 1990-2011
Source: UNODC Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ) and Database on Estimates and Long-term Trend Analysis (DELTA)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Congo
Congo (Dem. Rep. of the)
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Aver
age
amou
nt se
ized
26
2.3. Northern Africa2
Figure 14: Quantity of heroin seized in Northern Africa (1990-2013)
Source: DELTA
Map 12: Indicative drug trafficking routes from Afghanistan (through Balkan route) through Northern Africa and the Middle East.
Source: Based on the seizure data from ARQ, DMP and Country reports
2 Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, South Sudan, Sudan and Tunisia
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Egypt Rest ofNorth Africa
27
Figure 15: Quantities of heroin and herbal cannabis seized in Egypt 1990 – 2013 3
Source: DELTA database
Figure 16: Quantities of heroin and Hashish (resin) seized in Isreal 1990 – 2013
Source: DELTA
3 Egyptian ANGA Annual Reports 2006 -2013
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
0.00
50,000.00
100,000.00
150,000.00
200,000.00
250,000.00
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Qu
anti
ty o
f h
ero
in s
eiz
ed
(kg
)
Qu
anti
ty o
f h
erb
al c
ann
abis
se
ize
d
(kg)
Herbal Cannabis Heroin
0.00
500.00
1,000.00
1,500.00
2,000.00
2,500.00
3,000.00
3,500.00
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013Q
uan
titi
es o
f h
ero
in &
has
his
h s
eize
d
(kg)
Hashish (resin) Heroin
28
Map 13: Indicative heroin entry, crossing and storage locations in Egypt
Source: ANGA, Egypt
29
Map 14: Heroin seizures in the Indian Ocean by CMF (2010-2014)
Source: Combined Martime Forces (CMF)
30
Figure 16: Heroin seizures in Libya 1990-201145
Source: Libyan ANGA
Table 2: Heroin/cocaine prices in selected countries in Africa, US and Western and Central Europe and average monthly incomes in US $, 2012 or as reported
Country/territory
Reported retail
price per gram of
heroin
Reported retail
price per gram of
cocaine
Reported year
Average annual
income (2013
PPP)
Kenya 1.86* 31.8 2007 2,796.1
Egypt 17.29 82.44 2012 11,086.2
Algeria 130.64 143.70
2012 13,320.0
South Africa 35.01 32.67
2009 12,866.7
Nigeria 6.78 32.45 2009/2007 5,602.3
US 250.0 2.1 2012 52,980.0
Belgium 36.96 75.30 2011 42,725.3
Germany 65.48 83.63 2011 43,887.3
France 46.67 83.76 2012 37,594.7
Netherlands 60 58.67 2010 46,162.1
UK 63.31 63.31 2012 38,255.2
Source: WDR 2015 Note * heroin no. 3 and World Bank
4 Source: Libya Anti Narcotic Department (data on file)
5 Source: Libya Anti Narcotic Department (data on file)
31
Table 3: Reported average retail heroin purity in selected countries in Africa and Western and Central Europe, 2010-2013, or as reported
Country/territory Heroin purity at street level (percentage)
Nigeria 50
Côte d'Ivoire 27
Australia 27
Ghana 50
USA 12
Canada 50
Germany 11
Sweden 18
Russia 7
France 11
Source: DELTA
Figure 17: Average wholesale and retail price of heroin in Egypt (EGP) 2008-2014
Source: ANGA Annual report 2008-2014
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Seizures (in Kg) Retail average Wholesale average
32
Table 4: Forensics testing on seizures in the Indian Ocean show adulterated heroin that still manages to keep a high level of purity.
Date Approx.
location
Suspected Narcotic
Seized (from initial
test)
Results of laboratory testing
13-Apr-
12
Indian
Ocean
Between:
10° & 14°
N
56° & 60°
182kg heroin
The seized chunky off-white material was
found to contain 59.5% (+/-2.7%) & 60.8%
(+/-2.8%) (2 samples) Heroin
Hydrochloride & caffeine & Methorphan.
Heroin classified as SW Asian Type C.
29-Mar-
13
Indian
Ocean
Between:
02° & 06° S
46° & 50° E
500kg heroin
The seized chunky off-white material was
found to contain 57.7% (+/-2.7%) Heroin
Hydrochloride & caffeine & Methorphan.
Heroin classified as SW Asian Type C.
6-May-
13
Indian
Ocean
Between:
05° & 09° S
39° & 43° E
317kg heroin
7kg cannabis resin
The seized chunky off-white material was
found to contain 57.7% (+/-2.7%) Heroin
Hydrochloride & caffeine & Methorphan.
Heroin classified as SW Asian Type C.
14-
May-13
Indian
Ocean
Between:
01° & 05° S
45° & 49° E
195kg heroin
The seized chunky off-white material was
found to contain 64.0% (+/-2.8%) Heroin
Hydrochloride & caffeine & Methorphan.
Heroin classified as SW Asian Type C.
33
3. Impact and challenges
Figure 5: Estimated number of opiate users (global) 2015
Source: World Drug Report , 2015
Figure 6: Estimated number of opiate users by region in Africa, 2015
Source: World Drug Report , 2015
11%
10%
61%
18%
0%
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
12%
17%
16%
55%
East Africa North Africa
Southern Africa West and Central Africa
34
Figure 8: Retail prices of drugs in Nigeria and Tanzania, 2009*
Source: World Drug Report, 2015
*Marijuana price from Nigeria is reported in 2013
Figure 18: Estimated number of opiate usuers in the main markets of Western Europe compared with West Africa, 2013
Source: ARQ data;
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
Heroin Cocaine base Marijuana (herb)Re
tial
pri
ce p
er
gram
pe
r $U
S d
olla
r
United Republic of Tanzania Nigeria
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
UK (Englandand Wales)
Italy France Germany West andCentralAfrica
Nu
mb
er o
f o
pia
te u
sers
35
Table 6: Opiate prevalence in East, West and Central Africa 2013 and prevalence globally
Country Annual
prevalence
Estimated population of
users 15-64
Estimated number of
users
Year of
estimate
Cape Verde 0.18 308,000 554 2004
C.A.R. 0.05 2,448,000 1,224 2004
Chad 0.22 5,802,000 12,764 2004
Congo 0.13 2,253,000 2,928 2004
DRC 0.13 33,678,000 43,781 2004
Ghana 0.14 14,049,000 19,668 N/A
Liberia 0.17 2,145,000 3,646 2004
Niger 0.2 7,575,000 15,154 2004
Nigeria 0.7 85,213,000 596,491 2004
Senegal 0.08 6,707,000 5,365 2006
Sierra Leone 0.17 3,233,000 5,496 2004
Eastern Africa
Kenya 0.22 22,237,980 48,923 2012
Mauritius 0.91 925,000 8,417 2007
Rwanda 0.14 5,811,000 8,135 2004
Seychelles 2.30 61,000 1,403 2011
Somalia 0.16 4,884,000 7,814 2004
Uganda 0.05 16,397,000 8,198 2004
Western and Central
Europe 0.36 1,100,000
Global 0.4
Source : UNODC Word Drug Report 2015
6 UNODC best estimate for opiate users see World Drug Report 2013
36
Figure 19: Comparison of estimated number of opiate users across Africa with United States of America
Source: World Drug Report 2015
Map 15: Opiate use prevalence in Northern Africa
Country
Annual
prevalence
Estimated
population of
users 15-64
Estimated
number of
users
Year of
estimate
Algeria 0.6 24,246,280 145,475 2010
Egypt 0.44 51,459,570 226,419 2006
Libya 0.14 4,148,360 5,800 2004
Morroco 0.08 21,247,000 16,997 2011
Tunisia 0.12 7,293,000 8,751 2011
Source : UNODC Word Drug Report 2015
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
East Africa North Africa SouthernAfrica
West andCentral Africa
NorthAmerica
Nu
mb
er
of
op
iate
use
rs
37
Map 16 : Prevalence of lifetime drug use in total population
Source: The Mental Health Secretariat, Ministry of Health; The National Research on Addiction (2009-2011-2013).
Figure 20 Country of citizenship for foreign nationals arrested on heroin trafficking charges in Pakistan in 2013
Source: Anti Narcotics Force, Pakistan7
7 Foreigners arrested in Pakistan - http://www.anf.gov.pk/foreignarrests.php
26
9 7
14.8 12.7
3.6 2.7 2.8
05
1015202530
Hashish Opioids Psychotropics Polydrug use
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Cairo
Coastal Cities
3%
46%
4%
21%
18%
4% 4%
Oman
Nigeria
Zambia
Afghan
UK
Netherlands
Mozambique
38
Figure 21 Wholesale price of heroin (of unkown purities) as it is smuggled along the southern route
Table 7 140kg heroin seizure in Egypt (2014)
Date Amount Method Route Remarks
03/02/2014 140 kg heroin
Sea
transport
Pakistan -
Egypt
A UAE national setup
the cargo outside
Egypt, 3 Egyptians
were involved in
receiving the
consignment and its
promotion in Egypt.
One Greek facilitated
the maritime
transport of the drugs
on board of a floater
with the aid of 8 crew
member (2 Syrians
and 6 Indians)
Source: http://www.moi.gov.eg/Arabic/Departments+Sites/Media+and+public+Relation/News/n030220141.htm
39
Figure 22Drug related arrests in Egypt 2008 – 2014
Source: ANGA Annual report 2008 – 2014
Figure 23Top10 nationalities arrested in Egypt over drug related offences 2008-2014
Source: ANGA Annual report 2008 – 2014
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Nu
mb
er
of
arr
est
Total drug related arrests Total heroin related arrests
0
50
100
150
200
250
Nu
mb
er o
f ar
rest
40
Figure 24 Foreign drug related arrests by nationality in Algeria 2005 – 2014
Figure xx: Top 10 foreign drug-trafficking related arrests in Algeria by nationality (totals 2005-2014)
Source: ARQ 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 & Office National de Lutte Contre la Drogue et la Toxicomanie; Bilan
Annuel des Saisies de Stupefiants et de Substances Psychotropes a L’echelle Nationale Par Les Trois Services
(G.N, D.G.S.N et Douane) 2005-2009 and 2011
WA 63%
NA 25%
CA 3%
Others 9%
WA
NA
CA
Others
0
50
100
150
200
250
Nu
mb
er o
f ar
rest
