PORTUGALBY: NIBEN PADRIQUE

CAPITAL CITY

THE CAPITAL CITY OF PORTUGAL IS LISBON.

PRIMARY LANGUAGE AND RELIGION• PRIMARY LANGUAGE OF PORTUGAL IS PORTUGUESE.

• 75% OF THE POPULATION IS ROMAN CATHOLIC.

• 20% OF THE POPULATION INCLUDES CHRISTIANS BELONGING TO THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH, MORMONS, THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS, AND BRAZILIAN UNIVERSAL CHURCH OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD.

• 3% OF THE POPULATION DON’T HAVE ANY RELIGION

• 2% IS MADE UP OF MUSLIMS, JEWS, BUDDHISTS, TAOISTS, ZOROASTRIANS, JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES, SCIENTOLOGISTS, AND HINDUS.

CASTELO DOS MOURO(CASTLE OF THE MOORS)

• THE CASTELO DOS MOUROS SITS ON A HIGH HILL COVERED WITH RICH VEGETATION AND OVERLOOKING THE VILLAGE OF SINTRA

• THE CASTLE WAS BUILT IN THE 8TH OR 9TH CENTURY

• KING AFONSO HENRIQUES ORDERED TO DEVELOPED THE CASTLE

• VISITORS CAN HAVE A BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF THE ROYAL PALACE AND THE PENA NATIONAL IN SINTRA

MOSTEIRO DE SANTA MARIA DE ALCOBACA(MONASTERY OF ALCOBACA)

• EARLIEST MEDIEVAL BUILDINGS IN PORTUGAL

• KING AFONSO HENRIQUES ORDERED TO BUILT THE MONASTERY IN 1252

• MONASTERY WAS BUILT IN THE EARLY GOTHIC ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

• THE MONASTERY CONSISTS OF A CHAPEL, ROYAL TOMBS, ROYAL PANTHEON, DORMITORY, AND SACRISTY

NATIONAL CUISINECALDEIRADA:

• MIXED FISH STEW

• SEASONED WITH TOMATOES, PEPPER, PARSLEY, AND WHITE WHINE

ARROZ DE MARISCO (SEAFOOD RICE):

• IT HAS AN ASSORTMENT OF SHELLFISH.

• RICE IS COOKED WITH WHITE WHINE AND FISH BROTH.

• RICE HAS MORE LIQUID CONSISTENCY COMPARED TO OTHER COUNTRIES.

STEREOTYPESSICK MAN OF EUROPE:

• PORTUGAL IS VERY UNPRODUCTIVE AND HAS DONE VERY LITTLE WITH THE FUNDING IT HAS RECEIVED SINCE JOINING THE EUROPEAN UNION (E.U.)

• PORTUGAL HAS 1/6 OF THE GDP GROWTH RATE AND ½ THE GDP PER CAPITA.

COLONIAL RESIDUE:

• THE PORTUGUESE LIVE IN DENIAL ABOUT THE DAMAGE THEY DID TO THE COUNTRIES THEY COLONIZED

• PORTUGAL ABANDONED ITS COLONIES TO THEIR OWN DEVISES WITHOUT A SUITABLE TRANSITION PERIOD.

SUPERSTITIONS

• BURNT SNAKESKIN CAN CURE WOUNDS. SNAKESKIN POWDER WAS ALSO BELIEVED TO PROTECT YOU FROM DISEASES SUCH AS LEPROSY

• PLACE A ROSTER’S HEAD OVER THE DOOR OF THE ROOM WHERE THE BIRTH WILL OCCUR, SO THE DELIVERY OF THE BABY WILL GO SMOOTHLY

• WASHING HAIR OR TAKING A BATH ON A FRIDAY IS A BAD LUCK

HAND GESTURES

• NEVER POINT WITH YOUR FINGER

• DO NOT BE OVERLY DEMONSTRATIVE WITH YOUR HANDS WHILE TALKING

• CORNA: THIS GESTURE MEANS THAT YOUR WIFE IS UNFAITHFUL, A DEEP INSULT TO A MAN. IT’S CLOSE TO THE AMERICAN SIGN FOR “ROCK ON”.

BUSINESS CULTURE:ETIQUETTE AND BODY LANGUAGE

ETIQUETTE:

• APPOINTMENTS SHOULD BE MADE ONE TO TWO WEEKS IN ADVANCE.

• IT IS IMPERATIVE TO ARRIVE ON TIME AS PUNCTUALITY IS RESPECT.

• SHAKING HANDS OR AN EMBRACE AND PAT ON THE BACK IS ACCEPTABLE

• MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT AND USE FORMAL INTRODUCTIONS

BODY LANGUAGE:

• IT’S IMPOLITE TO POINT AT SOMEONE OR OBJECTS, INSTEAD MAKE A CIRCULAR MOTION WITH HAND OPEN.

• DON’T USE A LOT OF HAND GESTURES WHILE SPEAKING.

BUSINESS CULTURE:RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

• A WELL RESPECTED THIRD PARTY SHOULD MAKE THE INTRODUCTIONS AND ASSIST WITH THE INITIAL STAGES

• EXPECT TO INVEST A GREAT DEAL OF TIME TO DEVELOP CONNECTIONS

• MEETINGS ARE PREFERRED TO BE FACE TO FACE, EXPECT A LOT OF TRAVELING FROM DIFFERENT MEETING LOCATIONS

• TREAT PEOPLE WITH RESPECT AND DON’T EMBARRASS THEM

BUSINESS CULTURE:COMMUNICATION STYLE IN DECISION MAKING

• MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT AND ADDRESS IN FORMAL. SENHOR FOR MEN AND SENHORA FOR WOMEN.

• CONVERSATION AIMED AT GETTING TO KNOW YOU BEFORE BUSINESS DISCUSSIONS.

• DO NOT INTERRUPT WHILE PEOPLE ARE TALKING. ASK QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS AFTER THEY ARE DONE.

• SAVING FACE IS CRUCIAL FOR DOING BUSINESS IN PORTUGAL.

BUSINESS CULTURE:POWER STRUCTURES IN DECISION MAKING

• THE PORTUGUESE MAINTAIN A HIERARCHICAL CULTURE

• THEY RESPECT AGE AND POSITION

• DECISIONS WILL MOST LIKELY BE MADE BY THE MOST SENIOR MEMBER(S)

PORTUGAL VS. U.S.A. BODY LANGUAGE

• PORTUGAL:

• SHAKING HANDS OR AN EMBRACE AND PAT ON THE BACK IS ACCEPTABLE

• MAKE DIRECT EYE CONTACT

• DON’T MAKE A LOT OF HAND GESTURES WHILE TALKING

• FORMAL WHILE TALKING TO EACH OTHER

• U.S.A.:

• A HANDSHAKE IS MORE THAN SUFFICIENT.

• NOT KNOWN TO BE PHYSICALLY DEMONSTRATIVE

• REQUIRE A LOT OF PERSONAL SPACE

• INFORMAL WHILE TALKING TO EACH OTHER

PORTUGAL VS. U.S.A.COMMUNICATION STYLE

• PORTUGAL:

• COMMUNICATION IS FORMAL AND MAKE EYE CONTACT AT ALL TIMES

• CONVERSATION AIMED AT GETTING TO KNOW YOU BEFORE BUSINESS DISCUSSIONS

• PREFER FACE TO FACE MEETINGS RATHER THAN EMAIL OR PHONE CALL

• U.S.A.:

• TEND TO BE DIRECT. OVERTLY FRIENDLY WHEN INTRODUCED

• FACE TO FACE MEETINGS ARE APPRECIATED BUT NOT REQUIRED

• CONVERSATIONS ARE BRIEF AND ON THE POINT

PORTUGAL VS. U.S.A.POWER STRUCTURES

• PORTUGAL:

• HIERARCHICAL CULTURE THAT RESPECTS AGE AND POSITION

• MANY ORGANIZATIONS ARE GOVERNMENT RUN OR FAMILY OWNED

• DECISIONS ARE MADE BY THE MOST SENOR MEMBER(S)

• U.S.A:

• HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE IN WHICH DECISIONS ARE MADE BY TOP LEVEL EXECUTIVES

• TEND TO BE MORE CONSENSUS. OPINIONS ARE SOUGHT BEFORE MAKING A DECISION

INTERNET PENETRATION RATE AND MOST POPULAR SOCIAL NETWORK

• THE INTERNET PENETRATION RATE IS 62.1% PER IWS

• THE MOST POPULAR SOCIAL NETWORK IS FACEBOOK

POWER DISTANCE

• POWER DISTANCE: THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE LESS POWERFUL MEMBERS OF INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN A COUNTRY EXPECT AND ACCEPT THAT POWER IS DISTRIBUTED UNEQUALLY.

• PORTUGAL’S SCORE ON THIS DIMENSION (63) REFLECTS THAT HIERARCHICAL DISTANCE IS ACCEPTED AND THOSE HOLDING THE MOST POWERFUL POSITIONS ARE ADMITTED TO HAVE PRIVILEGES FOR THEIR POSITION.

• THE BOSS REQUIRES INFORMATION FROM HIS SUBORDINATES AND THESE EXPECT THEIR BOSS TO CONTROL THEM.

MASCULINITY

• MASCULINITY: THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUE HERE IS WHAT MOTIVATES PEOPLE, WANTING TO BE THE BEST (MASCULINE) OR LIKING WHAT YOU DO (FEMININE).

• PORTUGAL SCORES 31 ON THIS DIMENSION AND IS A COUNTRY WHERE THE KEY WORD IS CONSENSUS.

• CONFLICTS ARE RESOLVED BY COMPROMISE AND NEGOTIATION.

• FOCUS IS ON “WORKING IN ORDER TO LIVE”

INDULGENCE• INDULGENCE: THE EXTENT TO WHICH PEOPLE TRY TO CONTROL THEIR

DESIRES AND IMPULSES, BASED ON THE WAY THEY WERE RAISED.

• A RELATIVELY LOW SCORE OF 33 INDICATES THAT PORTUGAL HAS A CULTURE OF RESTRAINT.

• DO NOT PUT MUCH EMPHASIS ON LEISURE TIME AND CONTROL THE GRATIFICATION OF THEIR DESIRES.

• HAVE THE PERCEPTION THAT THEIR ACTIONS ARE RESTRAINED BY SOCIAL NORMS AND FEEL THAT INDULGING THEMSELVES IS SOMEWHAT WRONG.

UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE • UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE: THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE MEMBERS OF A CULTURE FEEL

THREATENED BY AMBIGUOUS OR UNKNOWN SITUATIONS AND HAVE CREATED BELIEFS AND INSTITUTIONS THAT TRY TO AVOID THESE

• PORTUGAL SCORES 99 ON THIS DIMENSION AND THUS HAS A VERY HIGH PREFERENCE FOR AVOIDING UNCERTAINTY.

• MAINTAIN RIGID CODES OF BELIEF AND BEHAVIOR AND ARE INTOLERANT OF UNORTHODOX BEHAVIOR AND IDEAS.

• TIME IS MONEY

• PEOPLE HAVE AN INNER URGE TO BE BUSY AND WORK HARD

COMPARE AND CONTRAST: POWER DISTANCE

• U.S.A. SCORED A 40. PORTUGAL SCORED A 63

• THE AMERICAN PRINCIPLE OF “LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL.” THIS IS EVIDENCED BY AN EXPLICIT EMPHASIS ON EQUAL RIGHTS IN ALL ASPECTS OF AMERICAN SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT.

• THE PORTUGUESE BELIEVE THAT THE MOST POWERFUL POSITIONS ARE ADMITTED TO HAVE PRIVILEGES FOR THEIR POSITION.

• HIERARCHY IS ESTABLISHED FOR CONVENIENCE, SUPERIORS ARE ACCESSIBLE AND MANAGERS RELY ON INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEES AND TEAMS FOR THEIR EXPERTISE.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST:MASCULINITY

• THE SCORE OF THE US ON MASCULINITY IS HIGH AT 62. PORTUGAL SCORES 31 ON THIS DIMENSION.

• U.S.A. HAS A LOT OF POLARIZATION. POLARIZATION IS NOT WELL CONSIDERED.

• BOTH COUNTRIES FOCUS IS ON “WORKING IN ORDER TO LIVE” MENTALITY

• PORTUGAL RESOLVE CONFLICTS BY COMPROMISE AND NEGOTIATION. U.S.A. RESOLVE CONFLICTS BY GOING TO COURT CASES.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST:INDULGENCES

• THE UNITED STATES SCORES AS AN INDULGENT (68) SOCIETY. A RELATIVELY LOW SCORE OF 33 INDICATES THAT PORTUGAL HAS A CULTURE OF RESTRAINT.

• WORK HARD AND PLAY HARD IS U.S.A. MENTALITY. PORTUGAL DO NOT PUT MUCH EMPHASIS ON LEISURE TIME AND CONTROL THE GRATIFICATION OF THEIR DESIRES.

• IT IS A PRUDISH SOCIETY YET EVEN SOME WELL-KNOWN TELEVANGELISTS APPEAR TO BE IMMORAL.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST: UNCERTAINTLY AVOIDANCE

• THE US SCORES BELOW AVERAGE, WITH A LOW SCORE OF 46. PORTUGAL SCORES 99 ON THIS DIMENSION AND THUS HAS A VERY HIGH PREFERENCE FOR AVOIDING UNCERTAINTY.

• THERE IS A FAIR DEGREE OF ACCEPTANCE FOR NEW IDEAS, INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS AND A WILLINGNESS TO TRY SOMETHING NEW OR DIFFERENT, WHETHER IT PERTAINS TO TECHNOLOGY, BUSINESS PRACTICES OR FOOD.

• HIGH UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE MAINTAIN RIGID CODES OF BELIEF AND BEHAVIOR AND ARE INTOLERANT OF UNORTHODOX BEHAVIOR AND IDEAS.

• AMERICANS DO NOT REQUIRE A LOT OF RULES AND ARE LESS EMOTIONALLY EXPRESSIVE THAN HIGHER-SCORING CULTURES.

• THERE IS AN EMOTIONAL NEED FOR RULES (EVEN IF THE RULES NEVER SEEM TO WORK)

CURRENT EVENTS• THE PORTUGAL MASTERS GOLF TOURNAMENT IS ALREADY UNDERWAY IN

SPITE OF SOME HEAVY RAIN OVERNIGHT. PORTUGUESE GOLFER TIAGO CRUZ WAS IN THE FIRST GROUP TO TEE-OFF THIS MORNING AT 8 O’CLOCK AT THE OCEANICO VICTORIA COURSE IN VILAMOURA.

• PORTUGAL'S MINISTER OF HEALTH SAID ON WEDNESDAY THAT THE COUNTRY'S PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES HAVE BEEN GIVEN GUARANTEES THAT THEY WILL HAVE ACCESS TO THE EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT THAT HAS BEEN ADMINISTERED TO PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM EBOLA IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

CITATIONS

BOSROCK, M. (NEUROPEAN UNION INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014, FROM HTTP://WWW.INTERNETWORLDSTATS.COM/EUROPA.HTM.D.). PORTUGAL - CULTURAL ETIQUETTE - E DIPLOMAT. RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014, FROM HTTP://WWW.EDIPLOMAT.COM/NP/CULTURAL_ETIQUETTE/CE_PT.HTM

EUROPEAN UNION INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014, FROM HTTP://WWW.INTERNETWORLDSTATS.COM/EUROPA.HTM

HE HOFSTEDE CENTRE. (N.D.). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014.

LATEST HEADLINES. (N.D.). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014, FROM HTTP://WWW.THEPORTUGALNEWS.COM/

THESE 10 GESTURES MAY SEEM INNOCENT. BUT DO THEM IN THE WRONG PLACE AND YOU'LL GET PUNCHED IN THE NOSE. (2014, MARCH 9). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014, FROM HTTP://WWW.VIRALNOVA.COM/RUDE-HAND-GESTURES/

THE HOFSTEDE CENTRE. (N.D.). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 13, 2014, FROM HTTP://GEERT-HOFSTEDE.COM/PORTUGAL.HTML