Photo: © Matthew J. Roberts. Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud 17 April 2010. Flight with the Icelandic Coast Guards. http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2010/nr/1883

Takashi Y. Nakajima

nkjm@yoyogi.ycc.u-tokai.ac.jp

Observations of volcanic ashfrom space

Photo: © Matthew J. Roberts. Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud 17 April 2010. Flight with the Icelandic Coast Guards. http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2010/nr/1883

Observations of volcanic ashfrom space

Takashi Y. Nakajima

nkjm@yoyogi.ycc.u-tokai.ac.jp

©JMA

©Wikipedia

108 Volcanoesin Japan(13 active)

TOKYO NRT

Mt Fuji3,776 m

98 Airports in Japan(28 busy traffic)

Tokyo Narita

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/intro/gyomu/index95zu.htmlYochiren.pdf

Preface: Airports and Volcanoes in Japan

Nikkei 4/19 Mainichi. ｊｐ 4/19

Yomiuri online 4/18

Nikkei web 4/20News in April about Iceland eruption .

Contents (about 15 min. )

1. Impacts of volcanic ash and role of satellite observations

2. Scientific concept for ash observations3. Horizontal observations from CAI imager4. Vertical observation from CALIPSO lidar5. Future satellite missions in Japan6. Summary

Impacts of volcanic ashand role of satellite observations

Aviation impacts (= one of disasters)• Quick response is needed• Monitoring destination / broadening of volcanic ash• Assists numerical simulation of ash transportation using satellite-view. Qualitatively visualizations have high demand.

Climate impacts (months to years)• Year-to-decadal impact of eruption to climate.• Monitoring the background aerosol (ash and other ) environment. Quantitatively observations of the aerosol amount have high

demand.

Today’s talk

Scientific concept of ash observation from spaceSpectrum analysis • Using multi-spectral, to detect ash plumes.

ContaminationDiscrimination

• Some solutions – Japanese Imagers equip 0.38-µm (UV) channel.it distinguishes clouds and volcanic ash.

Volcano

Cloud

Ash

Latit

ude

Longitude

Concept 1: More reflection by ash over dark background

I. Sano (2010)

Bright Dark

Example: biomass burning in Asia captured by Midori-2 Global Imager (GLI)

GLI Ch. Wavelength

Red 13 0.678µm

Green 8 0.545µm

Blue 5 0.460µm

GLI Ch. Wavelength

Red 13 0.678µm

Green 8 0.545µm

Blue 1 0.380µm

Appeared in “Nature”

Cyranosky, D. and I. Fuyuno,news in Nature, 434, pp128, (2005).

Concept 2: Effective of 0.38-µm

2003/5/20

Channel specification of Wide-swath imagers in JAXA

0.38µm

ChannelLocationsof JapaneseImagers

1980’

1990’

2000’

2010’ has 0.38µm

Horizontal observation of Eyjafjallajokull eruption

byGOSAT(Ibuki) CAI sensor

CAI = Cloud and Aerosol ImagerPolar orbit, swath = 1000km

Spatial resolution = 500m

GOSAT CAI obs ：2010/4/15 （ expand ）

Ash plume and Cloudsdistinguished

GOSAT CAI observation ：2010/4/16

1000km

GOSAT CAI observatio

n2010/4/30Kikuchi and Matsunaga (2010, NIES)

Ash contaminated Clouds detectable by CAI

Vertical Observations

- NASA CALIPSO Lidar

NASA CALIPSO Lidar （ 2010/4/17 ）

http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/calipso6km6km

Some future Earth observing satellite missions

in Japan

EarthCARE by ESA/JAXA/NICT

17

An ESA’s Living Planet Programme

Launch in 2013

Four sensorsCloud Radar (CPR)

Lidar (ATLID)

Imager (MSI)

Broadband Radiometer (BBR)

GCOM-C SGLI by JAXA

Launch in 2014

An Global Change Observation Mission

SGLI sensor19 channels.

from NUV-TIR.

Incl. 0.38µm

SummaryHorizontal observation Satellite Imagers• Satellite imagers are suitable for volcanic ash monitoring.• GOSAT(Ibuki) CAI (2009~) discriminates ash and clouds by

use of 0.38µm. • UK government requests CAI observation images to Japan.

We are doing.• GCOM-C SGLI (2014 ~ ) also has 0.38µm.

Vertical observation Satellite and ground Lidar• CALIPSO measures vertical structure of volcanic ash.• EarthCARE (2013 ~ ) equips Lidar and Imager.

International science community networks (Satellites, Ground stations) are useful.

Science projects for satellite aerosol observations in Japan

Aerosol observations from space• GOSAT CAI Science Team (NIES-JAXA-MOE)

PI: Teruyuki Nakajima (U. Tokyo)• EarthCARE Science Team (JAXA)

PI: Teruyuki Nakajima (U. Tokyo)

• GCOM-C Atmosphere Science Team (JAXA)PI: Takashi Y. Nakajima (Tokai U.)

• SKYNET ground observation network. (Chiba-U, Tohoku-U) . Collaborate with AERONET and EARLINET.

PI: Tamio Takamura (Chiba U.) Tadahiro Hayasaka (Tohoku U.)

END