Penology Final Presentation

8/3/2019 Penology Final Presentation

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Community Penalties


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Is it effective?

Re-offending Cost

What do the number show?

Re-offending rates young offenders

Re-offending rates adults
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kimrichter.com/Blog/uploaded_images/Jail-bars-lo-788877.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.kimrichter.com/Blog/2006_04_01_archive.html&h=168&w=153&sz=11&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=3a6vgFo_1F__TM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kimrichter.com/Blog/uploaded_images/Jail-bars-lo-788877.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.kimrichter.com/Blog/2006_04_01_archive.html&h=168&w=153&sz=11&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=3a6vgFo_1F__TM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kimrichter.com/Blog/uploaded_images/Jail-bars-lo-788877.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.kimrichter.com/Blog/2006_04_01_archive.html&h=168&w=153&sz=11&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=3a6vgFo_1F__TM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/archives/Morgan%2520jail%25202.JPG&imgrefurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/&h=2100&w=1400&sz=751&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ZJNWLkpWyxqw8M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/archives/Morgan%2520jail%25202.JPG&imgrefurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/&h=2100&w=1400&sz=751&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ZJNWLkpWyxqw8M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/archives/Morgan%2520jail%25202.JPG&imgrefurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/&h=2100&w=1400&sz=751&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ZJNWLkpWyxqw8M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/archives/Morgan%2520jail%25202.JPG&imgrefurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/&h=2100&w=1400&sz=751&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ZJNWLkpWyxqw8M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/archives/Morgan%2520jail%25202.JPG&imgrefurl=http://blogs.indiewire.com/morganspurlock/&h=2100&w=1400&sz=751&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ZJNWLkpWyxqw8M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djail%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/Image3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/index.html&h=368&w=226&sz=84&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=piVzfEKJG-OPMM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcommunity%2Bpenalty%26start%3D100%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/Image3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/index.html&h=368&w=226&sz=84&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=piVzfEKJG-OPMM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcommunity%2Bpenalty%26start%3D100%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/Image3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/index.html&h=368&w=226&sz=84&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=piVzfEKJG-OPMM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcommunity%2Bpenalty%26start%3D100%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/Image3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/index.html&h=368&w=226&sz=84&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=piVzfEKJG-OPMM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcommunity%2Bpenalty%26start%3D100%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/Image3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geocities.com/doctor_5/tibet12/index.html&h=368&w=226&sz=84&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=piVzfEKJG-OPMM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcommunity%2Bpenalty%26start%3D100%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElementhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElementhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElementhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElementhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElementhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElementhttp://asiapacific.amnesty.org/apro/aproweb.nsf/pages/ASA360012004/$File/STG15436/STG15436?OpenElement


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Discouraging examples:

Adult drug treatment penaltiesalmost 90% re-offend

Curfew orders among young offendersalmost 80% re-offend
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eupm.org/FCKeditor/Images/Image/Drugs%2520250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eupm.org/Clanci.asp%3FID%3D1032%26lang%3Deng&h=167&w=250&sz=19&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=FDZD0ry60R45QM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddrug%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


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Encouraging examples

Staffordshirereduced to half the re-offending rates

BedfordCut the re-offending rates by 58%,bringing an overall drop of 6% in the local crime rate

Hartlepool2/3 of those who completed the project

have not re-offended (07-2006)
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/images/maps/Staffordshire.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Staffordshire/index.html&h=1718&w=1398&sz=509&hl=en&start=30&tbnid=eGlTw2lz1hKXyM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstaffordshire%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/images/maps/Staffordshire.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Staffordshire/index.html&h=1718&w=1398&sz=509&hl=en&start=30&tbnid=eGlTw2lz1hKXyM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstaffordshire%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bedford-iowa.com/images/couthouserev.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bedford-iowa.com/&h=425&w=600&sz=132&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=Tpv5w5FvGF89aM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbedford%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bedford-iowa.com/images/couthouserev.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bedford-iowa.com/&h=425&w=600&sz=132&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=Tpv5w5FvGF89aM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbedford%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teesside.org/admin/images/hartlepool.jpg2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.teesside.org/article.php%3Fid%3D27&h=300&w=400&sz=52&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=nfRvorSRMSh07M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhartlepool%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.surf-forecast.com/locationmaps/Hartlepool.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.surf-forecast.com/breaks/Hartlepool.shtml&h=286&w=500&sz=28&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=yv8rxKOlQDQBqM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhartlepool%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DXhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.surf-forecast.com/locationmaps/Hartlepool.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.surf-forecast.com/breaks/Hartlepool.shtml&h=286&w=500&sz=28&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=yv8rxKOlQDQBqM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhartlepool%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DX


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Approximate costs of prison:

Cost of adult prison sentence (year) 23,00038,000Cost of keeping an under 18-year-old in custody - 42,000

Approximate costs of community sentences:

Community rehabilitation order - 3,000

Community punishment order - 2,000Community punishment and Rehab - 4,000

Drug treatment and Testing order - 8000

ISSP - 8000


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What do the numbers show?

Effectiveness changes between different penalties and offenders

The cost of a community sentence is lower

but can there be unaccounted costs?
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.linknot.com/images/Iceland_Photos/South-Iceland-14.jpg&imgrefurl=http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Duser.viewprofile%26friendid%3D42710669&h=491&w=655&sz=55&hl=th&start=6&tbnid=A-569HM1BKQNiM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=138&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D


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Community Penalties in Iceland
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.laynekennedy.com/iceland-4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.laynekennedy.com/iceland.html&h=379&w=286&sz=41&hl=th&start=10&tbnid=xfF8rmO9O1fitM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.linknot.com/images/Iceland_Photos/South-Iceland-14.jpg&imgrefurl=http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Duser.viewprofile%26friendid%3D42710669&h=491&w=655&sz=55&hl=th&start=6&tbnid=A-569HM1BKQNiM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=138&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://www.decadevolcano.net/photos/iceland/misc_1/island_24116.jpg


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Community Penalties in Iceland

Capacity in Iceland 300,000 people.

Most people live in Reykjavik, 75%

Definition:

....temporary unpaid labour of some sort.Offenders who have been fined or convicted of a

sentence of maximum 6 months, which is noteligible for parole, can apply to serve their sentence

in the form of a community penalty.(www.fangelsi.is)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.isep.org/nus/iceland/uiceland.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.isep.org/nus/iceland/index.html&h=112&w=175&sz=5&hl=th&start=21&tbnid=5lRIU1DvMDHN2M:&tbnh=64&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bsymbol%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bamjam.net/Iceland/images/skafta01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bamjam.net/Iceland/waterval.html&h=225&w=300&sz=14&hl=th&start=5&tbnid=LaJiTeXJx8Nu5M:&tbnh=87&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.simnet.is/gardarj/birds/landsb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.simnet.is/gardarj/birds/falcon.htm&h=190&w=250&sz=9&hl=th&start=1&tbnid=41_L6Cvp5irmdM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iceland.pl/wyprawy/w2/50_36_d.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.iceland.pl/artyk/050930artyk1.html&h=467&w=700&sz=49&hl=th&start=9&tbnid=1oFtzps6NpcV4M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41149000/jpg/_41149018_child_afp203.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4552010.stm&h=152&w=203&sz=14&hl=th&start=7&tbnid=aqBjzoQH9xV5fM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=105&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bpopulation%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D


9/33

Offenders who served community

penalties in Iceland from 1995-2005
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/2002_0807_174245AA.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/&h=188&w=250&sz=19&hl=th&start=34&tbnid=x_3epGIMlAbscM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThe%2BCircle%2B(Hringurinn)%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN


10/33

The Circle (Hringurinn)

A project between the Police in

Reykjavik and the Social Services

Aim: New ways in convicting youngoffenders

Offender cooperation

Ideology: Restorative justice Offender and victim meet
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.7522.com/vendor/2239/572-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.scantraditions.com/index.php%3Finfo%3D572&h=300&w=249&sz=22&hl=th&start=7&tbnid=U3bczCfDygFheM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bmyth%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/2002_0807_174245AA.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/&h=188&w=250&sz=19&hl=th&start=34&tbnid=x_3epGIMlAbscM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThe%2BCircle%2B(Hringurinn)%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/2002_0807_161722AC.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/&h=188&w=250&sz=10&hl=th&start=11&tbnid=bf8TJkh96YLcBM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThe%2BCircle%2B(Hringurinn)%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/parentingteens/1/0/B/A/icelandflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://parentingteens.about.com/library/sp/gs/blswapstd8.htm&h=163&w=220&sz=6&hl=th&start=29&tbnid=cm7S2--FWFwUbM:&tbnh=79&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2Bflag%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/2002_0807_164017AA.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.raunvis.hi.is/~ardise/digicam/2002/08/07/&h=188&w=250&sz=17&hl=th&start=17&tbnid=pGpESeSIXEBbyM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DThe%2BCircle%2B(Hringurinn)%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG


11/33

Circle (Hringurinn)

Inform the young offender of his

wrongdoings, and seek solutions.

Advantages:

Quick

Inexpensive

outside judicial system

preventive affects
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nordicstore.net/Files/Runes/Viking%2520Silver%2520Jewelry%2520Ring%2520Rune%2520Text%2520Iceland%2520image.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nordicstore.net/shopexd.asp%3Fid%3D1608&h=195&w=300&sz=20&hl=th&start=43&tbnid=VXD8kai2-Db6YM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nordicstore.net/Files/Runes/Viking%2520Silver%2520Jewelry%2520Ring%2520Rune%2520Text%2520Iceland%2520image.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nordicstore.net/shopexd.asp%3Fid%3D1608&h=195&w=300&sz=20&hl=th&start=43&tbnid=VXD8kai2-Db6YM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nordicstore.net/Files/Runes/Viking%2520Silver%2520Jewelry%2520Ring%2520Rune%2520Text%2520Iceland%2520image.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nordicstore.net/shopexd.asp%3Fid%3D1608&h=195&w=300&sz=20&hl=th&start=43&tbnid=VXD8kai2-Db6YM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40637000/jpg/_40637909_reykjavik_pa203x200.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4102367.stm&h=200&w=203&sz=8&hl=th&start=8&tbnid=wPXZzJA0zNxG0M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=105&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2B%2Bhistory%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://aqua.tvrl.lth.se/NRBsymposia/Photos/History/1999b.jpg&imgrefurl=http://aqua.tvrl.lth.se/NRBsymposia/History.html&h=760&w=1173&sz=170&hl=th&start=18&tbnid=447fCoCjRGb7QM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIceland%2B%2Bhistory%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3Dhttp://www.humanities-interactive.org/newworld/columbus/ex020_13c.htmhttp://www.humanities-interactive.org/newworld/columbus/ex020_13a.htm


12/33

That all for the Community Penalties in Iceland
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN


13/33

Community Penalties in Portugal
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


14/33

The offender needs to have a clean criminal record.

Eligibilities to apply to

The Community Penalties

The offender cannot be sentenced for more than 1 year.

The offender needs to work between 36 and 380 hours per year.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theviking.lu/logos/VikingHead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theviking.lu/home.html&h=1331&w=1296&sz=38&hl=th&start=85&tbnid=OyeIz-dFmRDOvM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diceland%2Bviking%26start%3D80%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dth%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.escolavesper.com.br/lendasbrasileiras/figuras/ogalod8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.youhaventlived.com/qblog/2005/QBlog250405A.html&h=292&w=199&sz=10&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=YeV7VVZvrdziAM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dportugal%2Bsymbol%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


15/33

Medium to Low Level Crime

Petty juvenile street crime

Vandalism
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Offenders who served community penaltiesFrom 1995-2005*

Non-pay work

Substitution of the fine for non-pay work

* Provisory data collected between 01-01-05 to 31-05-05 from Ministry of Justice.


17/33

Evolution of Non-paid work

(1995-2005*)



18/33


Graph displaying the increase in offenders choosing

fines over non-paid work as a punishment to crimes

(1995-2005*)


19/33

There is nothing inside the prison that I should learn.

I feel like all the doors will be closed for me in the next few years.

(Testimony of a prisoner sentenced to 7 years in prison, 2006)


20/33

Community Penalties in Poland
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21/33

Different Popular Perspectives

Not painful enough

Public in general cancontrol the offender

More easy to integrate Institution change people

for worse

Outcomes in courts

Conditional discharge

Suspended prison sentence

Fines (the most common ofcommunity penalties)

Nonpayable work (veryrare)

Programmes andtreatments are used onlyin closed institutions

Drug rehabilitationprogrammese.gMONAR

The probation service
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22/33

Probation and supervisioncommonly used with young offenders

33,012 probation officers for 755,555 offenders558,934 convicted by law courts

196,621 convicted by juvenile courts

More than 22 offenders per Probation Officer
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Community Penalties in Cyprus


24/33

Community Penalties in Cyrus

Not common

Still trying to catch up

Underdevelopment of Criminal Justice System

Crime control isnt a governments and populationpriority concern

The few existing cases are regulated by Cyprus

Social Welfare System


25/33

Community Penalties in Cyprus

Unpaid work (youngoffenders)

Specific activities (youngoffenders)

Programmes (youngoffenders)

Mental and healthtreatment

Drug and alcohol rehab Prohibitions, curfew,

exclusions

Cyprus as a small country

Most of the communitypenalties are not imposedby courts

Less serious offences are'solved' inside thecommunities

High levels of socialcontrol

Punishment is decidedand imposed by thecommunity itself


26/33

Life in Prisons

(The Lament of Innocent)
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Prisons are detrimental for

Homo Sapiens's Health.

TB can be more 100 times more common in

prison than outside and HIVinfection can be 75

timesmore likely in prisons

(Vivien S., 2001)

Mental illness in Prisons : New York

On early every site visit we encountered

individuals in states of extreme desperation:

men weeping in their cells, men who had

smeared faces on their bodies or lit their cells

on fir,prisoners who cut their own flesh,

inmates who rambled incoherently and paced

about their cells like caged animals

(Correction Assoc. of NY, 2004:54)
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:&tbnh=93&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreen%2Bbutter%2Bfly%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://images.slboutique.com/images/items/4458_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.slboutique.com/index.php%3Fp%3Dbuy%26phrase%3Dother%2520decorations%26n%3D12%26itemid%3D4458&h=228&w=350&sz=16&hl=en&start=38&tbnid=6zdyjyst20dq0M:&tbnh=78&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpool%2Bof%2Bblood%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/az/images/Yuma%2520dark%2520cell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/az/yumaterritorialprison.html&h=343&w=300&sz=28&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=W9AgVoTcniBieM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=105&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddark%2Bprison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


28/33

Life After Prison How Easy Is it?

References:

Stern, V. (2006)Behind the Bars: The Injustice of Prison in Stem, V. Creating Criminals: Prisons and People in aMarket Society, London; Zed Books, 43-44 .

It is not easy!!!!!

I often feel Ive got ex-prisoner stamped on my forehead.

(Goulding, 2004)

A criminal record prevents them from taking up many jobs.

In 14 states almost all criminal convictions are listed on the Internet for

anyone to see.

Some states ban people with certain convictions from public housing.

(Stern, 2006)

Driving license can be suspended or revoked in 27 states from some

drug offences. (Legal action centre New York, 2004)

It is not wonder why imprisonment does not work

Reconviction rate is high.
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29/33

Money matter !?

How much we have to spend our tax to this matter?The lesser, the better!?

W ld 10 hi h I i ( i l i 100 000 f h i l
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rev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bcoin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/images/2002-one-tenth-gold-australian-horse-coin-2.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/Foreign-Coins.htm&h=260&w=262&sz=18&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=rzlXEM2XLvQYSM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bcoin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/images/2002-one-tenth-gold-australian-horse-coin-2.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/Foreign-Coins.htm&h=260&w=262&sz=18&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=rzlXEM2XLvQYSM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bcoin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/images/2002-one-tenth-gold-australian-horse-coin-2.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/Foreign-Coins.htm&h=260&w=262&sz=18&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=rzlXEM2XLvQYSM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bcoin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/images/2002-one-tenth-gold-australian-horse-coin-2.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.fastcoin.com/Foreign-Coins.htm&h=260&w=262&sz=18&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=rzlXEM2XLvQYSM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bcoin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D


30/33

Worlds 10 highest Imprisoners (prison population rates per 100,000 of the national

population)

United States of America

Russian Federation

Belarus

TurkmenistanCuba

Suriname

Belize

Ukraine

St. Kitts and Nevis

Maldives Islands.

724 *

550

532

489487

437

420

416

415

414

Worlds 10 lowest Imprisoners

489Burkina Faso

487Nepal

I437ndia

Nigeria

Gambia

Mali

Sudan

Republic of Guinea

Indonesia

Monaco

23

29

29

31

32

34

36

37

38

39

Reference: The statistics were taken from World Prison Brief Online, 28 June 2005. (Cited in Stem, V. (2006) p.48.

Latest figure

(end 2004)
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