Peace Corps Department of State Information Resource Center IRC

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Department of State Information Resource Center IRC

1/22

Tljtdb _tetds Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bjpimceoy

Cey 4, 6;54

[TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1[rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs


2/22

Omvdr [hmtm1 5;;;:??4: (6;;4), jlstljtd eohd, OO FZ-LZ-_E


3/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs ?

RVEL_CJRREI IDRRDV

CEZ 4, 6;54

Rhd Tljtdb _tetds Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bjpimceoy (EO[B), euthmrjzdb pursuelt tm [ufijoIew 556-6?: W_do.S 568;(e)-(o), hdrdfy sufcjts thjs whjtd pepdr, ’[ufijo Bjpimceoy Et Vjsg1 [rmtdot-

jl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs.– EO[B js e fjpertjsel peldi ordetdb fy Oml`rdss jl 5:28 tmnmrcuietd elb rdomccdlb pmijojds elb prm`recs tm oerry mut thd pufijo bjpimceoy nulotjmls vdstdb jlT._. `mvdrlcdlt dltjtjds elb tm epprejsd thd dnndotjvdldss mn thmsd eotjvjtjds. Jt wes rdeuthmrjzdb jlAeluery 6;5? tm omcpidtd thd Omcprdhdlsjvd Elluei Vdpmrt ml [ufijo Bjpimceoy elb JltdrletjmleiFrmeboestjl` Eotjvjtjds, elb tm prmbuod mthdr rdpmrts elb whjtd pepdrs thet suppmrt dnndotjvd pufijobjpimceoy.

Rhjs whjtd pepdr js e nmiimw up tm thd 5:84 EO[B rdpmrt, ’Rdrrmrjsc elb _dourjty1 Rhd Oheiidl`d nmr[ufijo Bjpimceoy,– whjoh wes sufcjttdb jl rdeotjml tm thd Jlcel _telberbs elb thdjr pmssjfid dnndotml thd T._. Jlnmrcetjml E`dloy (T_JE). Rmbey, EO[B js omlodrldb efmut thd pdlbjl` shuttdrjl` mn 65Ecdrjoel Odltdrs. Rhdsd Odltdrs erd dssdltjei pietnmrcs nmr omrd pufijo bjpimceoy eotjvjtjds, suoh

es eiuclj dlè`dcdlt, dbuoetjml ebvjsjl` nmr T._. uljvdrsjtjds, Dlìjsh-ielùe`d dbuoetjml, ouitur-ei prm`reccjl`, elb spdegdrs elb nmrucs ml T._. pmijoy jssuds. Rhdy erd eism imoetdb jl ojtjds theterd fdomcjl` jlordesjlìy jcpmrtelt jloufetmrs nmr dcpmwdrcdlt elb erd hmcd tm hj`hiy ldtwmrgdbsmojdtjds, suoh es Adruseidc7 Fdjajl` elb _hel`hej7 Cdxjom Ojty7 elb Ldw Bdihj.

Pd `rdetiy ebcjrd thd tdleojty elb thd teidlt mn mur pufijo bjpimcets, whm smcdtjcds wmrg jl hj`h-rjsg, hj`h-thrdet dlvjrmlcdlts tm dlè`d nmrdj`l pufijos jl thd ebvelodcdlt mn T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy.Pd erd eism `retdnui tm thd cely _tetd Bdpertcdlt mnojeis whm hdipdb us ulomvdr bete nmr thjsrdpmrt.

Vdspdotnuiiy _ufcjttdb,

Pjiijec A. Hyfi, Ohejr(Omimrebm)

_jc Nerer, ^jod Ohejr(Oeijnmrlje)

Iylbml I. Misml, ^jod Ohejr(Rdxes)

[dlld Gmrth [deomog(Rdxes)

Elld Pdbldr(Jiijlmjs)

Idzidd A. Pdstjld(^jr`jlje)


4/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs2

Ecdrjoel _peods ‟ mvdrsdes physjoei pietnmrcstm jlnmrc elb dlè`d nmrdj`l eubjdlods -- prm-vjbd e nulbecdltei nmulbetjml nmr T._. pufijobjpimceoy dnnmrts. Rhd T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjmlml [ufijo Bjpimceoy bddpiy ulbdrstelbs hmw bjn-ouit jt js tm feielod thd lddb nmr sdourjty wjth thdcjssjml mn nmrdj`l pufijo dlè`dcdlt, dspdojeiiyjl hj`h-rjsg, hj`h-thrdet dlvjrmlcdlts. Rhd herb-dljl` mn mur pmsts thrmu`h thd _dourd DcfessyOmlstruotjml elb Omultdrtdrrmrjsc Eot mn 5:::(_DOOE) wes e im`joei elb pre`cetjo rdspmlsdtm e hmst mn bdvestetjl` etteogs eèjlst T._.dcfessy speods jl thd 5:8;s elb 5::;s. Zdt jtjs jcpdretjvd thet wd rdomlsjbdr hmw thd rdimoe-

tjml mn nrdd-stelbjl` Ecdrjoel Odltdrs tm T._.dcfessy, omlsuietd elb elldx omcpmulbs oelomcpijoetd thd dssdltjei `meis mn pufijo bjpim-ceoy tm ulbdrstelb, jlnmrc elb dlè`d nmrdj`leubjdlods tm ebvelod T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy. Mlodthd Ecdrjoel Odltdrs cmvd tm thdsd omcpmulbs,thdy trelsnmrc jltm idss eoodssjfid JlnmrcetjmlVdsmurod Odltdrs (JVOs) thet ettreot sjx tjcdsndwdr vjsjtmrs thel Ecdrjoel Odltdrs.

Rhdrd erd ourrdltiy 054 Ecdrjoel _peods wmrib-

wjbd. Mn thdc, aust 50 pdrodlt erd T._.-omltrmiidbspeods1 Ecdrjoel Odltdrs (?6) elb Jlnmrce-tjml Vdsmurod Odltdrs (80). Rhd rdcejljl` 8?pdrodlt erd pertldr speods1 Fjletjmlei Odltdrs(550) elb Ecdrjoel Omrldrs (20:). Rhd prd-ndrrdb Ecdrjoel _peod js thd stelb-eimld Ecdr-joel Odltdr, whjoh js pufijoiy evejiefid jl urfelodltdrs efrmeb elb eiimws nmr e frmeb rel`d mnpufijo bjpimceoy prm`reccjl`, suoh es Dbuoe-tjmlT_E ebvjsjl`, ouiturei prm`recs, elb nmrucsml T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy jssuds.

Jl thd pest 5; yders, dj`ht mn thdsd odltdrs hevdcmvdb nrmc urfel odltdrs tm sdourd omcpmulbs,bmwlsjzjl` jltm JVOs thet hevd strjotdr sdourjtyrdùietjmls nmr nmrdj`l ojtjzdls. Jl thd ldxt 5;yders, wd ulbdrstelb thet 65 mn thd rdcejljl` ?6Ecdrjoel Odltdrs erd neojl` pmssjfid rdimoetjmlbud tm thd omlstruotjml mn ldw dcfessy, oml-suier, elb elldx omcpmulbs. Phjid T._. pufijobjpimceoy mnodrs wmribwjbd mntdl rdeoh ter`dt

eubjdlods thrmu`h pertldr speods suoh es Ecdr-joel Omrldrs elb Fjletjmlei Odltdrs, thd suoodssmn thdsd speods hjl`ds ml thd wjiijl`ldss mn hmstjlstjtutjmls tm wmrg wjth thd T._. `mvdrlcdlt, jlebbjtjml tm mthdr verjefids mutsjbd mn thd mnodrs‚omltrmi.

EO[B fdijdvds thet thd omlstruotjml elb sdou-rjty cejltdlelod mn T._. neojijtjds cust omlsjb-dr thd cjssjml `meis elb mfadotjvds, mn whjohdlè`dcdlt wjth pufijos js mntdl vjtei. Pd erdomlodrldb thet _DOOE cey fd eutmcetjoeiiyelb esyccdtrjoeiiy eppijdb tm T._.-omltrmiidbpufijo bjpimceoy pietnmrcs, Ecdrjoel Odltdrs

elb JVOs, rdèrbidss mn thd ohereotdrjstjos mnjlbjvjbuei oesds. Rhjs js el jssud thet hes fddlmn omlodrl tm EO[B sjlod 5:84, whdl thd Jlcel_telberbs wdrd rst jltrmbuodb entdr thd etteogseèjlst thd T._. cjssjml jl Idfelml.5 _jlod thddleotcdlt mn _DOOE jl 5:::, thd shuttdrjl` mnEcdrjoel Odltdrs elb oimsdb eoodss mn JVOshes fddl rejsdb fy thd _dletd Nmrdj`l VdietjmlsOmccjttdd elb thd @mvdrlcdlt EoomultefjijtyMnod. Rmbey, wd erd wmrrjdb thet thd oimsjl` mnEcdrjoel Odltdrs js eoodidretjl` elb dcphesjzd

thd lddb nmr sdidotjvd elb dxjfid eppijoetjml, mle oesd-fy-oesd fesjs, mn sdourjty stelberbs.

Mn omursd, jl dxtrdcd oesds whdrd el dveiuetjmlfy thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt elb thd dcfessy bdtdr-cjlds thet thd thrdet ielbsoepd oellmt suppmrt epufijo bjpimceoy speod, oimsjl` odltdrs cust fdomlsjbdrdb. Fut tm gddp Ecdrjoel Odltdrs stelb-jl` elb JVOs mpdl elb eoodssjfid, whdrdvdrpmssjfid, EO[B cegds nmur omrd rdomccdlbe-tjmls1

• Oml`rdss1 Dleot e ’_dlsd mn Oml`rdss–tm Gddp Ecdrjoel Odltdrs Mpdl elb JVOsEoodssjfid. Rhd prdsucptjml thet pufijobjpimceoy pietnmrcs shmuib eutmcetjoeiiyfd om-imoetdb wjthjl omcpmulbs, fesdb ml_DOOE, shmuib fd rdvdrsdb.6 Pd ebvjsdthd ordetjml mn e ’_dlsd mn thd Oml`rdss– jlnuturd _tetd Bdpertcdlt Euthmrjzetjml fjiisthet oideriy jlbjoetd thet thd _dordtery mn

DXDOTRJ^D _TCCEVZ


5/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs 4

_tetd shmuib `jvd nevmrefid omlsjbdretjml tmrdqudsts nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs tm rdcejl jlurfel imoetjmls elb dxdrojsd hjs/hdr wejvdreuthmrjty ulbdr sdotjml >;>(e)(6)(F) mn thd_dourd Dcfessy Omlstruotjml elb Omul-tdrtdrrmrjsc Eot mn 5::: (66 T._.O. 28>4(e)(6)(F)) jl mrbdr tm pdrcjt Ecdrjoel Odltdrstm rdcejl sdperetd nrmc T._. dcfessjdsefrmeb elb dlsurd thet JVOs ml T._. dc-fessy, omlsuietd elb elldx omcpmulbsrdcejl mpdl elb eoodssjfid.? Rhjs wmuibhdip tm sjcpijny om-imoetjml wejvdr rdqudstset thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt elb dcphesjzd thdlddb nmr e dxjfid, oesd fy oesd epprmeoh

thet tegds jltm omlsjbdretjml thd odltreijty mnpufijo bjpimceoy tm nuiiijl` T._. cjssjmls.2

• _tetd Bdpertcdlt1 Ejc tm Cegd Dxjstjl`JVOs Mpdl elb Eoodssjfid Rhrmu`h Ldw[mijoy. JVOs, dspdojeiiy jl omultrjds theterd pjvmtei tm T._. letjmlei sdourjty, custfdomcd cmrd dlè`jl` tm ettreot eubjdlods.E wmribwjbd pmijoy nmr mpdl eoodss tm JVOsthet eppijds tm eii pmsts js ldodssery. Rhjswmuib ijnt ’fy eppmjltcdlt mliy– rdstrjotjmls

whdrd thdy dxjst7 ordetd e sdperetd sdourjtysorddljl` nrmc thd cejl ohelodry7 pdrcjtuldsomrtdb eoodss7 elb eiimw usd mn pdrsml-ei didotrmljo bdvjods elb wjrdidss jltdrldteoodss. Phdrdvdr pmssjfid, T._. dcpimyddsshmuib hevd mnods jl thd JVOs sm thdy oelrdùieriy jltdreot wjth vjsjtmrs. EcdrjoelOdltdrs thet trelsnmrc jltm JVOs shmuib per-tjouieriy ebhdrd tm thdsd prjlojpids tm rdtejlrdietjmlshjps elb ldtwmrgs.

• _tetd Bdpertcdlt1 Omlbuot e _tuby mn thdJcpeot mn Ecdrjoel Odltdrs, JVOs, Fjle-tjmlei Odltdrs elb Ecdrjoel Omrldrs. Ese rdsuit mn thd 6;5; @mvdrlcdlt Eoomult-efjijty Mnod (@EM) rdpmrt ml Ecdrjoel_peods, thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt hes omlbuot-db twm ceamr stubjds thet hevd suppmrtdbthd jcprmvdb cele`dcdlt mn thdsd _peods1e 6;52 stuby ml thd usdr dxpdrjdlod mnEcdrjoel Odltdrs elb e 6;54 stuby ml thdveiud mn ’fy eppmjltcdlt mliy– JVOs. Pdeism rdomccdlb e thjrb stuby ml thd jcpeotelb veiud mn thdsd speods -- Ecdrjoel Odl-tdrs, JVOs, Fjletjmlei Odltdrs elb Ecdrjoel

Omrldrs -- nmr T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy `meis, ds-pdojeiiy jl thd JJ[-bdtdrcjldb ’tmp tjdr– speo-ds. Rhd epprejseis shmuib ijlg thdjr dnnmrts tmcjssjml `meis elb bdvdimp e rdsderoh-fesdbstretd`jo piel nmr deoh speod, jbdltjnyjl`gdy pufijos elb thd pufijo bjpimceoy jcpeotmfadotjvds nmr deoh gdy pufijo.4

• _tetd Bdpertcdlt1 Omltjlud Bjeimùd Fd-twddl [ufijo Bjpimceoy, Furdeu mn Mvdr-sdes Fujibjl` Mpdretjmls elb thd Furdeu

mn Bjpimcetjo _dourjty Idebdrshjp. Pd erddlomure`db thet Bjpimcetjo _dourjty elb thdMvdrsdes Fujibjl` Mpdretjmls Furdeus hevdeirdeby ordetdb e wmrgjl` `rmup wjth pufijobjpimceoy idebdrshjp tm ebbrdss sdvdrei pmi-joy, pielljl` elb nulbjl` omlodrls wjth thdrdcejljl` nrdd-stelbjl` Ecdrjoel Odltdrselb thd JVOs. Pd hmpd thet thdsd omlvdr-setjmls wjii omltjlud tm fd omlstruotjvd elbteogid thd eoodssjfjijty mn thdsd speods ml eoesd-fy-oesd fesjs.


6/22


7/22


8/22


Ecdrjoel _peods64 erd physjoei pietnmrcsbdsj`ldb tm dlè`d wjth pdmpid whm ceyldvdr trevdi tm thd T._., fut oel usd thdspeod tm iderl efmut Ecdrjoel ouiturd,smojdty elb nmrdj`l pmijoy. Rhd Mnod mn thdJlspdotmr @dldrei hes dcphesjzdb thet thdspeods erd prdndrefid tm bj`jtei pietnmrcs,es thdy eiimw bjpimcets tm jlnmrc elb dl-è`d nmrdj`l pufijos ’jl e cmrd helbs-mlepprmeoh … WwhjohS oel hdip fujib cdel-

jl`nui pdrsmlei rdietjmlshjps upml whjohnuturd nmrdj`l pmijoy rdietjmlshjps oel fdnmrcdb, elb thus essjst jl eoomcpijshjlìml` tdrc pmijoy mfadotjvds.–6> Rhdrd erd054 Ecdrjoel _peods jl 54? omultrjds.Ecml` thdc erd T._.-omltrmiidb speods, ?6Ecdrjoel Odltdrs (2%) elb 80 JlnmrcetjmlVdsmurod Odltdrs (56%)7 elb pertldr speo-ds, 550 Fjletjmlei Odltdrs (5>%) elb 20:Ecdrjoel Omrldrs (>0%).60

BDNJLJRJML_ MN ECDVJOEL _[EOD_

T._.-OMLRVMIIDB _[EOD_

Ecdrjoel Odltdrs erd stelb-eimld, T._.`mvdrlcdlt-mwldb mr -idesdb neojijtjds im-oetdb mutsjbd mn thd cejl T._. ohelodry mromlsuietd‚s fujibjl` thet erd eoodssjfid tmthd pufijo. Rhdy erd stenndb fy T._. dcfes-sy dcpimydds mr T._. `mvdrlcdlt-nulbdbomltreot stenn elb erd ulbdr thd bjrdotjml mnthd [ufijo Ennejrs Mnodr. Rhd Odltdrs typj-oeiiy hmusd e ijfrery, jl ebbjtjml tm e frmebrel`d mn pufijo bjpimceoy eotjvjtjds suoh esDbuoetjmlT_E ebvjsjl`, ouiturei prm`recs,spdegdrs elb nmrucs ml T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy,

jl ebbjtjml tm prmvjbjl` mpdl Jltdrldt eo-odss elb vjbdm-omlndrdlods. ^jsjtmrs tm elEcdrjoel Odltdr cey omcd nmr mld eotjvjty,suoh es dbuoetjmlei ebvjsjl`, elb thdl steynmr mthdrs, suoh es peldi bjsoussjmls mrndeturdb spdegdrs ml pmijoy jssuds.

Jlnmrcetjml Vdsmurod Odltdrs erd sceii-dr thel Ecdrjoel Odltdrs elb lmrceiiypieodb wjthjl T._. dcfessy, omlsuietd mrelldx omcpmulbs. Rhd JVOs prmvjbd jl-nmrcetjml sdrvjods tm thd pufijo, jloiubjl`

EN DE[ DTV LDE _OE PHE MEI

Ecdrjoel Odltdr 0 56 ? 4 2 5 ?6

JVOs 5? 5? 5: 4 > 56 80

Ecdrjoel Omrldr :8 >5 54: 22 8> ?5 20:

Fjletjmlei Odltdr ; ; 5; ; ; 5;0 550

MEI 5?0 8> 5:5 42 :> 545 054

Pdstdrl Hdcjsphdrd

_muth & Odltrei Esje

Lder Dest Esje

Durmpd

Dest Esje [eojsto

Enrjoe

Fjletjmlei Odltdrs

Ecdrjoel Omrldrs

JVOs

Ecdrjoel Odltdrs

_peods fy Vd`jml _peods fy Rypd


9/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs :

eoodss tm thd Jltdrldt, elb tm T._. Dcfes-sy stenn. Rhdy oel eism fd e pietnmrc nmrouiturei mr spdegdrs prm`recs. Jl ebbjtjml,smcd prmvjbd DbuoetjmlT_E ebvjsjl`. Jlomultrjds whdrd thdrd erd Fjletjmlei odl-

tdrs mr Ecdrjoel Omrldrs, JVOs prmvjbd elebcjljstretjvd ijlg fdtwddl thd dcfessyelb thd ldtwmrg mn Ecdrjoel _peods.

Lmtd1 80 erd mpdl tm thd pufijo wjth sdthmurs, ?0 erd ’fy eppmjltcdlt mliy–, elb>5 erd oimsdb. Rhd _tetd Bdpertcdlt jsourrdltiy omlbuotjl` e rdvjdw mn fy eppmjlt-cdlt-mliy JVOs tm bdtdrcjld whjoh erdcddtjl` mpdretjl` stelberbs, elb whjohshmuib fd oimsdb. Nmr thd purpmsd mn thjs

pepdr, wd erd mliy omultjl` thd 80 thet erdmpdl tm thd pufijo wjth sdt hmurs.

[EVRLDV _[EOD_

Fjletjmlei Odltdrs erd prjvetd, eutmlm-cmus, lml-prmt jlstjtutjmls thet erd eu-tmlmcmus, sdin-sustejljl` mrèljzetjmls,ordetdb thrmu`h e`rddcdlts fdtwddl thdhmst `mvdrlcdlt elb thd Tljtdb _tetds.

Rhdy lmrceiiy nmous ml prmvjbjl` Dl-

ìjsh-ielùe`d dbuoetjml nmr e ndd, whjohcegds thdc sdin-lelodb. Rhd 550 FLOserd cmstiy omlodltretdb jl ceamr ojtjds jl58 omultrjds jl Odltrei Ecdrjoe, _muthEcdrjoe, elb thd Oerjffdel. Rdl mn thdc

erd imoetdb jl Durmpd. Rhdy oel suppmrtdbuoetjmlei ebvjsjl` nmr stuby jl thd T._.,sdrvd es ldtwmrg odltdrs nmr T_@ eiuclj,hmusd ijfrerjds wjth jlnmrcetjml ml thd T._.,elb prmvjbd speod nmr T._. ouiturei prm-`reccjl`.

Ecdrjoel Omrldrs erd omiidotjmls mnEcdrjoel cetdrjeis elb prm`reccjl`speods wjthjl e imoei hmst jlstjtutjml, suohes e ijfrery mr uljvdrsjty, whjoh prmvjbds

jlnmrcetjml efmut thd Tljtdb _tetds vjefmmgs, ceèzjlds, elb cuitj-cdbje smuro-ds, jloiubjl` eoodss tm rdsderoh betefes-ds elb thd Jltdrldt. Rhdy erd stenndb elbcele`db fy thd hmst jlstjtutjml. EcdrjoelOmrldrs mpdretd jl imoetjmls whdrd fub`dtelb sdourjty omlstrejlts hevd cebd nuii jl-nmrcetjml odltdrs ulndesjfid elb whdrd thdpufijo oel mntdl lmt eoodss JVOs. Jl smcdimoetjmls, thdy oel prmvjbd ebvjsjl` nmr

stuby jl thd T._. elb ouiturei prm`reccjl`.

FEOG@VMTLB

Rhd jssud mn feielojl` thd eoodssjfjijty mn Ecdr-joel _peods wjth sdourjty lddbs wes rst ertjou-ietdb jl thd T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijoBjpimceoy‚s 5:84 rdpmrt, ’Rdrrmrjsc elb _dourjty1Rhd Rhrdet tm [ufijo Bjpimceoy.–8 Rmbey, EO[B

js `reppijl` wjth thd secd bjidcce es jt bjb ?;yders e`m1 Hmw bmds thd Tljtdb _tetds omlbuotpufijo bjpimceoy efrmeb elb, et thd secd tjcd,prmtdot thd sdourjty mn jts pdrsmlldi elb neojijtjds=

Rhd 5:8? etteogs ml thd T._. Dcfessy elb Ce-rjld ferreogs jl Fdjrut, whjoh gjiidb 50 Ecdrjoelojvjijels elb 625 Cerjlds, es wdii es thd etteogml thd T._. Dcfessy jl Guwejt, whjoh gjiidb lmEcdrjoels, bdvestetdb thd bjpimcetjo omcculj-

ty elb idb tm e rdvjdw mn thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt‚ssdourjty pmsturd. Rhd Ebvjsmry [eldi ml Mvdr-sdes _dourjty et thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt, mr thd’Jlcel [eldi– (es jt wes glmwl jl hmlmr mn jtsOhejrcel, Ebcjrei Fmffy Vey Jlcel) ordetdb

thd Furdeu mn Bjpimcetjo _dourjty elb prmpmsdbthd Jlcel _telberbs, whjoh stetdb thet eii dc-fessjds shmuib fd sdt feog et idest 5;; nddt nrmcthd strddt elb fd imoetdb ml pimts mn 54 eordsmr cmrd, elb prdndrefiy mutsjbd mn ojty odltdrs.Jt wes eism rdomccdlbdb thet T._. JlnmrcetjmlE`dloy (T_JE) ijfrerjds eism rdimoetd nrmc ojtyodltdrs tm thd nmrtjdb dcfessy omcpmulbs.:

EO[B, whjoh suppmrtdb thd T_JE et thd tjcd,


10/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs5;

prmtdstdb thet thd peldi bjb lmt tegd jltm oml-sjbdretjml thd uljqud rmid thet pufijo bjpimceoypieys jl stetdorent elb thd lddb nmr ijfrerjds elbmthdr pufijo pietnmrcs tm rdcejl eoodssjfid tmnmrdj`l ojtjzdls. Jt dcphesjzdb thet sjlod thrdetsoel repjbiy ohel`d elb very nrmc omultry tm

omultry, elb smcdtjcds ojty tm ojty, dxjfjijty elbulbdrstelbjl` mn thd rmid pufijo bjpimceoy pieysjl deoh cjssjml js dssdltjei. Jl el Motmfdr 5:84mp-db jl thd Peshjl`tml [mst, ’Bml‚t Idt _dourjtyHjbd Mur Ij`ht,– Dbwjl Nudildr, [rdsjbdlt mn thdHdrjte`d Nmulbetjml elb Ohejrcel mn thd EO[B,wrmtd1 ’T_JE‚s pufijo ennejrs mnodrs glmw thet fyrdtrdetjl` … thd e`dloy wjii fdomcd jleoodssj-fid tm cmst mn thd pdmpid jt js tryjl` tm rdeoh …whmidseid rdtrdet tm send, fut jleoodssjfid, dl-oievds js lmt thd elswdr. [drsmlei omlteot wjthìmfei mpjljml idebdrs js dssdltjei tm thd omlbuotmn Ecdrjoel nmrdj`l pmijoy.–5;

Rhd hmrrjo tdrrmrjst etteogs eèjlst thd T._. dc-fessjds jl Lejrmfj elb Ber ds _eieec jl 5::8 idbtm thd pessjl` mn thd _dourd Dcfessy Omlstruo-tjml elb Omultdrtdrrmrjsc Eot mn 5::: (_DOOE)55,whjoh jlstjtutjmleijzdb cely mn Jlcel _telberbs,jloiubjl` thd rdqujrdcdlt mn thd 5;; nmmt sdtfeogmn T._. `mvdrlcdlt neojijtjds fdtwddl thd fujibjl`

dxtdrjmr elb pdrjcdtdr mn thd prmpdrty ml whjohthd neojijty js sjtdb.56 Jt rdqujrdb thet eii T._. bjp-imcetjo neojijtjds om-imoetd ml thd dcfessy, oml-suietd mr elldx omcpmulb, jloiubjl` EcdrjoelOdltdrs.5? _dotjml >;>(e)(?) mn _DOOE hmwdvdr,rdqujrdb thet Oml`rdss prmvjbd smcd dxjfjijty jlthd stetutd fy eiimwjl` thd _dordtery mn _tetd tmwejvd thd rdstrjotjmls jn s/hd oel odrtjny thet sdou-rjty omlsjbdretjmls pdrcjt thd wejvdr.

Jl 6;;?, _dletmr Vjoherb Iuèr, Ohejrcel mn thd

Omccjttdd ml Nmrdj`l Vdietjmls et thd T._. _dl-etd (_NVO), rst rejsdb thd dnndot _DOOE weshevjl` ml nmrdj`l pufijo dlè`dcdlt eotjvjtjdspufijoiy. Phjid qudstjmljl` @dldrei Oherids Pji-ijecs, Bjrdotmr mn thd Mnod mn Mvdrsdes Fujibjl`Mpdretjmls, elb Ecfessebmr Nrelojs Reyimr, Es-sjstelt _dordtery mn _tetd nmr Bjpimcetjo _dourjty,et thd Ceroh 6;;? hderjl`, ’_endr Dcfessjdsjl Tlsend [ieods,– hd qudstjmldb hmw dvdrybeypdmpid omuib glmw efmut T._. pufijo bjpimceoy

rdsmurods whdl thdy wdrd fdhjlb ferrjdrs. Hdstetdb, ’Pd erd jl thd pufijo bjpimceoy erdle,elb ymu cey fd bmjl` fdttdr jl sdourjty thel wderd bmjl` jl pufijo bjpimceoy, eithmu`h thjs jserùefid. Fmth erd vdry tmu`h oheiidl`ds, futldvdrthdidss, thdy erd fmth jcpmrtelt, elb tryjl`

tm bdtdrcjld hmw tm bm thdsd thjl`s sjcuiteld-musiy js e oheiidl`d.–>5

Jl 6;;:, _dletmr Iuèr, ulbdr _dletmr Amhl Gdr-ry‚s Ohejrcelshjp, sufcjttdb thd _NVO rdpmrt,’T._. [ufijo Bjpimceoy ‟ Rjcd tm @dt Feog jl thd@ecd,– wrjttdl fy [rmndssjmlei _tenn Cdcfdr,[eui Nmibj.52 Rhd rdpmrt stetdb thet fy om-imoetjlÈcdrjoel Odltdrs ml ldw dcfessy, omlsuietdelb elldx omcpmulbs, ’wd hevd ordetdb e vj-ojmus oyoid1 nrustretdb fy mur jlefjijty tm omlldot

wjth eubjdlods mvdrsdes whm lm iml`dr trust us,wd hevd jl neot wdegdldb mur dnnmrts et [ufijo Bj-pimceoy fy bdlyjl` thdc eoodss tm fmth Ecdr-joel mnojeis es wdii es ulodlsmrdb jlnmrcetjmlefmut us.–54

Rhd rdpmrt dcphesjzdb thet thd _tetd Bdpert-cdlt, Oml`rdss elb hmst `mvdrlcdlts shmuibwmrg tm`dthdr tm rd-ordetd thd Ecdrjoel Odltdrsystdc jl sdourd neojijtjds mutsjbd T._. dcfessyomcpmulbs nrmc whjoh T._. mnojeis oel oml-ldot wjth nmrdj`l pufijos. Ecml` thd rdpmrt‚s56 rdomccdlbetjmls wes e oeii nmr _DOOE‚som-imoetjml rdqujrdcdlt tm fd rd-vjsjtdb sm thetrdcejljl` Ecdrjoel Odltdrs oel rdcejl esnrdd-stelbjl`, elb ldw Ecdrjoel Odltdrs oel fddstefijshdb mnn-omcpmulb es iml` es epprmprjetdsdourjty cdesurds erd jl pieod.50

Rhd nmiimwjl` yder, thd @mvdrlcdlt Eoomultefji-jty Mnod (@EM) nmulb thet mld-thjrb mn thd JVOs

thdy dxecjldb ml thd sdourd omcpmulbs hebjlsunojdlt speod mr wdrd jl el jleoodssjfid im-oetjml nmr thd pufijo. Jl cely imoetjmls, JVO stennlmtdb tm @EM thet sdourjty prmodburds rdstrjotdbvjsjtmrs elb jcpdbdb thdjr efjijty tm omlbuot rd-sderoh efmut thd Tljtdb _tetds.58 Rhd rdpmrt rdebthet sdourjty rdstrjotjmls ’pmrtrey T._. dcfessjdselb omlsuietds es ulwdiomcjl` pieods. ^jsjtmrstm pufijo bjpimceoy neojijtjds cey eism fd bd-tdrrdb fy sorddljl` cdesurds thdy cust ulbdr-


11/22


`m prjmr tm dltry.–5: Omlodrls efmut nmrtrdss-ijgdomcpmulbs elb hmw thdy oel rdpdi pufijos nrmcdlè`jl` wjth thd T._. hevd fddl dohmdb jl sdv-drei pjdods mn omccdltery, jloiubjl` nrmc nmrcdrT._. E`dloy nmr Jltdrletjmlei Bdvdimpcdlt (T_-EJB) Ebcjljstretmr Elbrdw Letsjms, whm iecdlt-

db, ’Jt‚s herb tm oerry mut mur nmrdj`l pmijoy nrmcfdhjlb thjog omlordtd weiis.–6;

Vdodltiy, _tetd Bdpertcdlt idebdrshjp hesrdom`ljzdb thd lddb nmr `rdetdr rjsg tmidrelod tmeohjdvd T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy `meis. Ml Eprji 50,thd Tlbdr _dordtery nmr Cele`dcdlt ellmulodbthd pufijoetjml mn e ldw Vjsg Cele`dcdlt [mijoyjl thd Nmrdj`l Ennejrs Celuei (;6 NEC ?;), whjohdcphesjzds thet ’_tetd Bdpertcdlt dcpimyddselb idebdrs cust lmt sjcpiy evmjb rjsg1 thdy cust

prmeotjvdiy cele`d jt jl pursujt mn T._. nmrdj`lpmijoy mfadotjvds.–6? Rhd 6;54 Uuebrdlljei Bjpim-ceoy elb Bdvdimpcdlt Vdvjdw (UBBV) stetdbml Eprji 6: thet thd _dordtery mn _tetd elb mthdrBdpertcdlt idebdrs wjii fd`jl omlvdrsetjmls wjthOml`rdss elb thd Ecdrjoel pdmpid efmut ’thd rd-eijtjds mn rjsg jl mur wmrg elb thd lddb nmr `rdetdrrjsg-tmidrelod– jl ebbjtjml tm prmvjbjl` ’idebdrselb dcpimydds wjth e omlsjstdlt epprmeoh tmcegjl` bdojsjmls jl thd neod mn oheiidl`jl`, ujb,

elb uloider ojroucstelods, whjid rdom`ljzjl`thet thdrd erd lm mld-sjzd-ts‟eii smiutjmls.–65 Jlebbjtjml, e ldw tdec mn _tetd Bdpertcdlt mn-

ojeis, eiml` wjth thmsd nrmc T_EJB, wjii ’rdvjdwpest elb ourrdlt mpdretjmls jl bel`drmus dlvj-rmlcdlts– jl mrbdr tm ’dxpimrd weys tm strdec-ijld mpdretjmls elb jlordesd dxjfjijty jl WthmsdSdlvjrmlcdlts.–66

EO[B eppieubs thdsd pmijoy ohel`ds es thdyeppiy bjrdotiy tm hmw wd epprmeoh pufijo bjpim-ceoy. Rhd lddb nmr thjs ldw bjrdotjml jltdrsdotswjth lbjl`s nrmc mur 6;52 queijtetjvd rdsderohwjth cmrd thel >; stegdhmibdrs ml rjsg tmidrelodelb cele`dcdlt, jl ommrbjletjml wjth thd T._.Jlstjtutd mn [deod, thd CoOejl Jlstjtutd nmr Jltdr-letjmlei Idebdrshjp, elb thd Rrucel Letjmlei_dourjty [rmadot/Odltdr nmr Letjmlei [mijoy. Rhdomlsdlsus ecml` ojvjijels whm omlbuot verjmusbjpimcetjo elb bdvdimpcdlt eotjvjtjds wes thet

thdy erd wjiijl` tm tegd rjsgs tm eohjdvd cjssjml`meis jn thdy nddi thet rdesmlefid prdoeutjmlshevd fddl tegdl nmr thdjr sendty. Jl ebbjtjml,thd mvdrwhdicjl` ceamrjty mn thmsd jltdrvjdwdbstetdb thet rdiyjl` ml bj`jtei tmmis tm jlnmrc elbjludlod nmrdj`l eubjdlods bmds lmt sunojdltiyrdpieod jl-pdrsml dlè`dcdlt.62 Jl thjs cmbdrl,bj`jtei dre, Ecdrjoel Odltdrs rdcejl dssdltjeiphysjoei pietnmrcs nmr T._. mnojeis tm dstefijshelb cejltejl rdietjmlshjps wjth nmrdj`l ojtjzdls,

elb ouitjvetd ldtwmrgs thet oel hdip tm ebvelodT._. nmrdj`l pmijoy `meis.

ECDVJOEL ODLRDV_ ER VJ_G

Odltdrs et Vjsg1 Escere7 Eshèfet7 Fdjajl`7 Oesefieloe7 Ohjsjleu7 Omimcfm7 Helmj7 Hererd7 Hm Ohj Cjlh Ojty7 Dest Adruseidc7 Pdst Adruseidc7 Gjlshese7 Gmigete7 Ceputm7 Cdxjom Ojty7 Ldw Bdihj7 Ljecdy7

Veceiieh7 _hel`hej7 _dmui7 Pjlbhmdg.


12/22


Mpdl elb eoodssjfid Ecdrjoel _peods prmvjbd epietnmrc nmr T._. mnojeis tm bjrdotiy dlè`d wjthevdre`d ojtjzdls efrmeb, cely mn whmc hevd lmomlteot wjth Ecdrjoels. Rhdy prmvjbd rmmc nmrvd omrd pufijo bjpimceoy eotjvjtjds jl suppmrtmn T._. cjssjml prjmrjtjds1 ouiturei prm`reccjlèlb dvdlts7 ldws elb jlnmrcetjml efmut thd T._.7Dlìjsh ielùe`d dbuoetjml mppmtuljtjds7 stubdltebvjsjl` vje DbuoetjmlT_E7 elb rdorujtcdlt elbeiuclj dlè`dcdlt mn T._. dxohel`d prm`recpertjojpelts.68 Dspdojeiiy jl pieods whdrd thdJltdrldt js rdstrjotdb, thd speods erd cdelt tmprmvjbd ulodlsmrdb, mpdl eoodss wjth thd fdstevejiefid frmebfelb oepeojty.

Rhd Furdeu mn Jltdrletjmlei Jlnmrcetjml [rm-`recs (JJ[) et thd T._. Bdpertcdlt mn _tetdmvdrsdds wmribwjbd Ecdrjoel _peods nrmcPeshjl`tml. Rhmu`h JJ[ prmvjbds e ceamrjty mnnulbjl` elb rdsmurods nmr Ecdrjoel _peods jlJJ[, omltrmi mvdr bey-tm-bey cele`dcdlt mn thdspeods js ier`diy rdtejldb fy thd cjssjml. JlNZ52, thd Mnod mn Ecdrjoel _peods mpdretdbwjth e $: cjiijml fub`dt. Jl ebbjtjml, thd mnodbjstrjfutds rmu`hiy $54 cjiijml mn nulbs tm pmsts

tm cmbdrljzd elb cejltejl speods thet prmvjbd ehj`h veiud pufijo bjpimceoy dxpdrjdlod. Jl mrbdrtm bdtdrcjld thd fdst eiimoetjml mn thdsd rdsmuro-ds, JJ[ omiiefmretdb wjth rd`jmlei pmijoy dxpdrtstm jbdltjny thd cmst stretd`joeiiy jcpmrtelt Ecdr-joel _peods nmr thd T._. Rhdsd >; speods (sddebbdlbuc), 5; jl deoh rd`jml, wdrd bdtdrcjldbfy thd jcpmrtelod mn thd pietnmrc es omcperdb tmmthdr pufijo bjpimceoy tmmis jl thd omultry. Rhdsd’tmp tjdr– speods rdodjvd rmu`hiy >; pdrodlt mnthd $54 cjiijml jl dxtre lelojei suppmrt.6: Jlsmcd oesds, JJ[ hes pertldrdb wjth thd _cjth-smljel Jlstjtutjml tm cegd cexjcuc usd mn thdspeod, shmwoesjl` Ecdrjoel hjstmry, ouiturd,jllmvetjml elb pmijoy. _mcd mn thdsd stretd`jospeods erd Ecdrjoel Omrldrs jn thdrd erd lmtEcdrjoel Odltdrs jl omultry, mr jn JVOs erd jljleoodssjfid imoetjmls.?;

Jl e 6;52 stuby mn thd usdr‚s dxpdrjdlod mn Ecdr-joel Odltdrs, 6; pdrodlt stetdb thdy jltdltjml-

eiiy wdlt tm e Odltdr tm dlè`d elb iderl cmrdefmut thd T._.?5 Rhd rdcejljl` 8; pdrodlt wdrdbrewl tm thd speods nmr thdjr verjmus rdsmurods,whjoh sj`leis thet Ecdrjoel Odltdrs prmvjbd eldltry pmjlt nmr thd rdcejljl` 8; pdrodlt tm iderlefmut T._. pmijoy, smojdty, ouiturd elb thd verjmusmppmrtuljtjds tm trevdi tm thd Tljtdb _tetds. Fdimwerd smcd mn thd T._. pufijo bjpimceoy eotjvjtjds-thet omlvdr`d jl Ecdrjoel _peods1

T._. Dbuoetjml Ebvjsjl`1 Cmrd thel 82;,;;;jltdrletjmlei stubdlts omcd tm stuby et T._. hj`h-dr dbuoetjml jlstjtutjmls deoh yder ml verjmusvjses. Jl 6;5?/52, thdsd stubdlts omltrjfutdb $60

fjiijml tm thd Ecdrjoel domlmcy, eoomrbjl` tmthd Bdpertcdlt mn Omccdrod.?6 Rm hdip neojijtetdthjs, thdrd erd 2;; DbuoetjmlT_E odltdrs wmrib-wjbd thet suppmrt stubdlts jl thdjr eppijoetjmls tmEcdrjoel omiid`ds elb uljvdrsjtjds. Rwdlty-vdpdrodlt mn DbuoetjmlT_E ebvjsmrs erd imoetdbjl Ecdrjoel _peods elb elmthdr 64 pdrodlt jlJVOs7 5; pdrodlt erd imoetdb jlsjbd Nuifrj`htOmccjssjmls7 elb ?; pdrodlt jl imoei uljvdrsjtjdselb ijfrerjds.?? Jl 6;52, thd ebvjsmrs cebd jl-pdr-sml omlteot wjth ?.> cjiijml pmtdltjei stubdlts

wmribwjbd thrmu`h thdsd speods elb el ebbjtjml-ei ?.> cjiijml thrmu`h vjrtuei omlteot.?2

Eiuclj Dlè`dcdlt1 Rhdrd erd cmrd thel 5cjiijml eiuclj mn T._. dbuoetjmlei, ouiturei elbprmndssjmlei dxohel`ds wmribwjbd.?4 Cejltejl-jl` rdietjmlshjp wjth thdc vje Ecdrjoel Odltdrs,JVOs elb mthdr Ecdrjoel _peods js e prjcdmppmrtuljty tm omcculjoetd jlnmrcetjml elbpmijojds efmut thd T._. wjth eubjdlods whm erdeirdeby necjijer wjth thd Tljtdb _tetds. Rhd

Dbuoetjmlei elb Ouiturei Ennejrs Furdeu‚s (DOE)Eiuclj Ennejrs Bjvjsjml hes suppmrtdb cmrd thel5,;;; prmadots thet jlvmivdb cmrd thel 26;,;;;dxohel`d eiuclj efrmeb.?> Rhd Ecdrjoel _peo-ds mnndr pietnmrcs nmr thd T._. tm cejltejl elbstrdl`thdl thdsd rdietjmlshjps, elb tm nmstdr eldtwmrg mn jlbjvjbueis whm hevd pdrsmlei dxpdrj-dlod wjth thd T._. elb Ecdrjoel veiuds.

Dlìjsh Ielùe`d Dbuoetjml1 [rmvjbjl` Dl-

_RVERD@JO JC[MVRELOD MN ECDVJOEL _[EOD_


13/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs 5?

ìjsh-ielùe`d dbuoetjml js e prjmrjty mn T._.pufijo bjpimceoy dnnmrts. Ecdrjoel _peods mnndroel prmvjbd Dlìjsh-ielùe`d cetdrjeis elbe speod nmr T._. Vd`jmlei Dlìjsh Ielùe`dMnodrs (VDIMs), Dlìjsh Ielùe`d Ndiimwselb _pdojeijsts, Cessjvd Mpdl Mlijld Omursds(CMMOs), elb mthdr omursds prmvjbdb fy pmsts,tm hdip stubdlts èjl jlsj`ht jltm T._. ouiturd elbveiuds, elb el dcphesjs ml eotjvd iderljl` elborjtjoei thjlgjl`.

Mthdr omultrjds erd dqueiiy ewerd mn thd jc-pmrtelod mn physjoei pietnmrcs tm prmcmtd thdjrouiturd elb ielùe`d elb tm prmcmtd stuby

elb trevdi tm ‟ elb sherd jlnmrcetjml elb ldwsefmut -- thdjr letjmls. Durmpdel nmrdj`l ouitureimrèljzetjmls suoh es thd Eiijelod Nrelàejsd,Frjtjsh Omuloji, elb @mdthd Jlstjtut mpdretd jlbd-pdlbdltiy mn thdjr rdspdotjvd dcfessjds7 Ohjle‚sOmlnuojus Jlstjtutds erd ebcjljstdrdb jlstjtutjmlsenijetdb wjth thd Ohjldsd Cjljstry mn Dbuoetjml,jloiubjl` cmrd thel :4 hmusdb jl Ecdrjoel ulj-vdrsjtjds.

Ohjle1 Omlnuojus Jlstjtutds -- Cmrd thel 28;

jlstjtutds mpdretd wmribwjbd tm prmcmtd Ohjldsdielùe`d elb ouiturd.?0

@drcely1 @mdthd Jlstjtut -- 54: jlstjtutds

wmribwjbd thet prmcmtd thd stuby mn thd @drcelielùe`d efrmeb elb dlomure`d jltdrletjmleiouiturei dxohel`d elb rdietjmls wjth @drcely.?8

Nrelod1 Eiijelod Nrelàejsd -- 84; odltdrs jl5?0 omultrjds thet prmcmtd Nrdloh ielùe`d elbouiturd.?:

TG1 Frjtjsh Omuloji -- 5:> odltdrs jl 55; omul-trjds thet prmcmtd Dlìjsh ielùe`d jlstruotjml,Frjtjsh ouiturd, erts elb smojdty, jl ebbjtjml tm

stuby jl thd TG7 thd odltdrs prmvjbd e ijfrery elbJltdrldt imoetjmls. 2;

Phjid thd dxeot ecmult mn thdc js ulglmwl,Jrel js eism eotjvdiy prmcmtjl` Jreljel OuitureiOdltdrs jl Enrjoe, Esje, thd Cjbbid Dest elb thdPdstdrl Hdcjsphdrd thet mnndr [drsjel ielùe`doiessds, ijfrery rdsmurods, Jrel stubjds prm`recs,ouiturei prm`recs, elb rdij`jmus dvdlts.25 Eoomrb-jl` tm thd _NVO 6;;: rdpmrt, thd odltdrs eotjvdiyprmcmtd eltj-Ecdrjoel prmpeèlbe.26

_DOTVJRZ ELB ECDVJOEL _[EOD_

Jl 6;52, e tmtei mn ?5.0 cjiijml pdmpid vjsjtdbthd 054 Ecdrjoel _peods wmribwjbd.2? Pjth thddxodptjml mn thd 550 Fjletjmlei Odltdrs (FLOs)jl thd Pdstdrl Hdcjsphdrd Vd`jml elb Durmpd,nmrdj`l jlstjtutjmls jlbdpdlbdlt mn thd T._. `mv-drlcdlt, cmst nmrdj`l ojtjzdls vjsjtdb thd stelb-eimld ?6 Ecdrjoel Odltdrs. Rhmsd Odltdrs

rdodjvdb lderiy sjx tjcds thd ecmult mn vjsjtmrsomcperdb tm 80 JVO‚s (pius ?0 ’fy eppmjltcdltmliy– JVOs) imoetdb ml thdsd omcpmulbs.22

Rhd oimsjl` elb rdimoetjml mn Ecdrjoel Odltdrstm ldw dcfessy, omlsuier elb elldx omcpmulbs(LDOs, LOOs, LMXs) sdvdrdiy bjcjljshds thdjreoodssjfjijty tm nmrdj`l ojtjzdls.24 Nrdd-stelbjlÈcdrjoel Odltdrs erd imoetdb jl urfel odltdrs,hevd rdesmlefid ydt omlsjstdlt sdourjty nmr vjs-

jtmrs elb eiimw thmsd vjsjtmrs tm cejltejl usd mnthdjr odii phmlds elb mthdr didotrmljo bdvjods,whjid dlamyjl` uldsomrtdb eoodss. Ecdrjoel Omr-ldrs elb Fjletjmlei Odltdrs eism, bdpdlbjl` mlthd hmst pertldr, oel eiimw nmr ier`diy ulndttdrdbeoodss. JVOs, ml thd mthdr helb, erd lmrceiiyimoetdb jlsjbd T._. omcpmulbs sjtuetdb mutsjbd

mn ojty odltdrs, whdrd pufijo trelspmrtetjml jsijcjtdb, elb rdqujrd rdstrjotjvd sdourjty cdesurds.Jl eii fut e ndw JVOs, vjsjtmrs cust tdcpmrerjiysurrdlbdr thdjr cmfjid elb mthdr didotrmljo bdvjo-ds, whjoh cdels thet thmsd vjsjtmrs oellmt desjiyelb bj`jteiiy trelsndr jlnmrcetjml, tegd phmtmselb/mr sherd thdjr dxpdrjdlods wjth mthdrs.2> Rhjsbjsomure`ds thd oesuei vjsjtmr nrmc dlè`jl` wjththd Tljtdb _tetds.


14/22


Jl ebbjtjml, nmr thd ?0 JVOs thet erd ’fy eppmjlt-cdlt mliy,– thd lddb tm sohdbuid el eppmjltcdltjltrmbuods e ie` fdtwddl jljtjei vjsjtmr jltdrdstelb eotuei eoodss. Eppmjltcdlt tjcds oel verynrmc 62 tm 28-hmur ebvelod lmtjod. Phjid thdeppmjltcdlts hdip strdecijld sdourjty sorddljl`

et thd dcfessy, jt bdtdrs thd purpmsd mn e pufijodlè`dcdlt pietnmrc.20

Es cdltjmldb, dj`ht Ecdrjoel Odltdrs hevdshuttdrdb sjlod 6;;2.28 Jl Njsoei Zder 6;56, thdMnod mn Ecdrjoel _peods fdèl tm gddp ste-

tjstjos ml vjsjtmrs tm Ecdrjoel Odltdrs elb JVOs.Rhdy nmulb thet prm`rec ettdlbelod brmppdb fy:; pdrodlt (nrmc 62,;>6 tm 6,??5 pdmpid) entdrthd @uel`zhmu Ecdrjoel Odltdr omlvdrtdb jltmel JVO. Jl Jlbje, whdl thd Cucfej EcdrjoelOdltdr, whjoh heb fddl mpdl jl thd Ohurohètd

bjstrjot nmr cmrd thel >; yders, cmvdb jltm thdLOO thet js rdcmtd nrmc thd ojty odltdr elb nernrmc ceamr trelspmrtetjml ijlds, thd nmmt trenobrmppdb 40 pdrodlt (nrmc 6:,045 vjsjtmrs jl 6;55tm 56,>24 jl 6;56). Rhd [ufijo Ennejrs _dotjml([E_) jl Cucfej omlbuotdb ceamr dnnmrts tm ter-

`dt ymuth elb, es e rdsuit, thd Cucfej EcdrjoelIjfrery hes stdebjiy jlordesdb jts vjsjtmr retd. Zdt

jt hes ldvdr rdturldb tm thd idvdi jt heb prdvjmusiydlamydb es e sdperetd Ecdrjoel Odltdr. Eoomrb-jl` tm thd [E_ jl Vjè, Ietvje, thd trelsnmrcetjmlmn jts Ecdrjoel Odltdr jl mib tmwl jltm el JVOjl e rdcmtd imoetjml hes frmu`ht nmmt treno tm estelbstjii. Jt js hmpjl` tm rd-cegd thd mib ohelodryjltm e stelb-eimld Ecdrjoel Odltdr, whjoh EO[Bdlomure`ds `jvdl thd pertjouier lddb tm dlè`dFeitjo pufijos jl thd neod mn Vussjel prmpeèlbednnmrts.

Jloiubdb jl thd 65 Ecdrjoel Odltdrs et rjsg nmrom-imoetjml thd ldxt 5; yders erd thd Fdlaecjl

Nrelgijl Ijfrery jl Cdxjom Ojty, whjoh hes fddlmpdl sjlod 5:26 elb js thd mliy nrdd-stelbjlÈcdrjoel Odltdr jl thd Pdstdrl Hdcjsphdrd72: thd Ecdrjoel Odltdrs jl Fdjajl` elb _hel`hej7thd Ecdrjoel Odltdrs jl Adruseidc7 elb thmsd jlmthdr ojtjds mn stretd`jo jcpmrtelod nmr thd T._.,ijgd Ohjsjleu, Cmibmve. Vdèrbidss mn thd thrdetidvdi, Ecdrjoel Odltdrs‚ rdimoetjmls tm sdourdomcpmulbs oel sj`lei tm imoei ojtjzdls thet thdT._. bmds lmt hevd omlbdlod jl thdjr omultry, mr

*FLOs dxoiubdb nrmc ohert. Rmu`h thdy hevd thd hj`hdst pertjojpetjml thdy ieog e ̀ imfei nmmtprjlt omcperefid tm mthdr pietnmrcs.

^J_JRMV_ FZ _[EOD ELB VD@JML


15/22


jl thdc es e pdmpid.4; Es thd _NVO rdpmrt stet-db jl 6;;:, ’Phdrd mlod Wthd T._. wesS sddl esthd wmrib‚s idebdr jl jltdiidotuei bjsomursd elbbdfetd, wd erd lmw vjdwdb es wjthbrewl elb ul-omlodrldb wjth ely vjdws mthdr thel mur mwl...Jn wd hmpd tm ohel`d mpjljmls tmwerbs us, wd

cust fd efid tm jltdreot wjth thd wmrib.–45 Ecdr-joel _peods hevd thd nulbecdltei purpmsd mnfujibjl` trust wjth imoei ojtjzdls. _huttdrjl` Ecdr-joel Odltdrs elb gddpjl` JVOs jleoodssjfid oeljsmietd pufijo bjpimceoy mnodrs nrmc thdjr eubj-dlods elb orjppid thdjr cjssjmls. [ertldr speodshevd fddl jcpmrtelt eitdrletjvds, ydt thd T._.cust rdiy ml hmst pertldrs elb thdjr mpdlldss tmfdjl` essmojetdb wjth T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy `meis.Njlbjl` ordbjfid pertldrs oel fd dspdojeiiy bjn-ouit jl pieods whdrd fjietdrei rdietjmls erd wdeg.

Rm cejltejl, elb pmssjfiy dxpelb, Ecdrjoe‚s

ldtwmrg mn pufijoiy eoodssjfid dxtdrlei pietnmrcs,thd _dordtery mn _tetd wmuib hevd tm wejvd thd_DOOE om-imoetjml rdqujrdcdlt nmr EcdrjoelOdltdrs. Rm dlsurd thet JVOs erd eoodssjfid elbettreotjvd tm nmrdj`l ojtjzdls, idebdrs et pmst --elb thmsd nrmc thd [ufijo Bjpimceoy Omld, thd

Furdeu mn Mvdrsdes Fujibjl`s Mpdretjmls elbthd Furdeu mn Bjpimcetjo _dourjty -- cust cddtrdùieriy tm bjsouss hmw tm prjmrjtjzd pufijo bjpim-ceoy stretd`y jl suppmrt mn cjssjml `meis. DeohEcdrjoel Odltdr elb JVO wjii prdsdlt verjmusoheiidl`ds elb mppmrtuljtjds tm rdcejl mpdlelb eoodssjfid. Jt wjii lmt cegd sdlsd nmr dvdryEcdrjoel Odltdr wmribwjbd tm rdcejl mpdl elbdvdry JVO tm fdomcd eoodssjfid elb ecdlefidtm vjsjtmrs‚ cmfjid tdohlmim`y. Fut jt js vjtei thetthmsd bjsoussjmls heppdl rdùieriy elb prdndre-fiy et thd mutsdt mn LDO/LOO/LMX omlstruotjml.

OMLOIT_JML

Rmbey‚s repjbiy ohel`jl` sdourjty dlvjrmlcdltrdqujrds omlstelt omiiefmretjml fdtwddl sdourjtyelb pufijo bjpimceoy. Rhjrty yders entdr EO[Brst ebvmoetdb gddpjl` Ecdrjoel _peods mpdl

elb eoodssjfid, wd omltjlud tm `reppid wjth thdrjsgs ojvjijels mntdl lddb tm tegd tm nuiii nmrdj`lpmijoy cjssjmls. Pd e`rdd wjth nmrcdr EO[BOhejr Db Nudildr‚s 5:84 stetdcdlt thet fy rd-trdetjl`, pufijo bjpimceoy mnodrs oel fdomcdjleoodssjfid tm thd vdry pufijos thet thdy erd es-sj`ldb tm jltdreot wjth, thet whmidseid wjthbreweitm dloievds js lmt thd smiutjml, elb thet rdùieromlteot wjth nmrdj`l pufijos js vjtei nmr T._. nmr-dj`l pmijoy.46 Pd erd omlodrldb thet thd trdlb mnoimsjl` Ecdrjoel Odltdrs js qujogiy eoodidretjl`.Pd dcphesjzd thd lddb nmr sdidotjvd elb dxjfideppijoetjml, ml e oesd-fy-oesd fesjs, mn sdourjtystelberbs tm pufijo bjpimceoy pietnmrcs.

Rmbey, pufijo bjpimceoy hes ldvdr fddl cmrdrdidvelt mr ldodssery tm eohjdvjl` T._. nmrdj`lpmijoy mfadotjvds elb mur prdsdlod jl ojtjds jsvjtei. Nmrdj`l ojtjzdls ‟ nrmc ojvji smojdty elbrdij`jmus idebdrs, tm trebjtjmlei elb smojei cdbje

prmbuodrs, tm eotjvjsts, tm ymuth -- erd jlordesjl`-iy shepjl` thd jltdrletjmlei systdc. Eoomrbjl` tmthd Letjmlei Jltdiij`dlod Omuloji‚s @imfei Rrdlbsrdpmrt, jlordesjl` urfeljzetjml cdels thet imoei

jssuds oel qujogiy fdomcd ìmfei mlds. Es thd_tetd Bdpertcdlt eoglmwidb`ds, bjpimcetjooerddrs dlteji jlhdrdlt rjsgs. Bjpimcets custjltdreot wjth stetd elb lml-stetd eotmrs tm bm thdjr

amfs elb oellmt fd dxpdotdb tm fujib `dldretjvdldtwmrgs nrmc jsmietdb omcpmulbs. ^jrtuei piet-nmrcs oellmt rdpieod jl-pdrsml dlè`dcdlt, elbsuoh dlè`dcdlt oel fd vdry bjnouit tm bm jlthd neod mn hdevy sdourjty cdesurds.4?

Feielojl` thd lddb nmr nmrdj`l dlè`dcdlt wjth

rjsg js omlstelt elb prmvjbds elb el jccdlsdoheiidl`d.42 Jn sdourjty omlbjtjmls pdrcjt, elbpufijo dlè`dcdlt js jl thd T._. jltdrdsts, thdlthd _dordtery, eiml` wjth thd Ohjdn mn Cjssjml,hevd thd euthmrjty tm jssud wejvdrs nmr _DOOEom-imoetjml prmvjsjmls.44 Pd dlomure`d thdsdbdojsjmls tm fd omltdxtuei elb dxjfid sm thetpufijo bjpimceoy mnodrs oel cmrd dnndotjvdiyoerry mut thdjr celbetds.


16/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs5>

VDOMCCDLBERJML_

OML@VD__1 Dleot e ’_dlsd mn Oml`rdss– tm Gddp Ecdrjoel Odltdrs Mpdl elb JVOs Eoodssjfid.

Rhd prdsucpml thet pufijo bjpimceoy piemrcs shmuib eutmceoeiiy fd om-imoetdb wjthjl

omcpmulbs, fesdb ml _DOOE, shmuib fd rdvdrsdb. Pd ebvjsd thd ordeml mn e ’_dlsd mn thd

Oml`rdss– jl nuturd _tetd Bdpertcdlt Euthmrjzeml fjiis thet oideriy jlbjoetd thet thd _dordtery

mn _tetd shmuib `jvd nevmrefid omlsjbdreml tm rdqudsts nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs tm rdcejl jl urfel

imoemls elb dxdrojsd hjs/hdr wejvdr euthmrjty ulbdr sdoml >;>(e)(6)(F) mn thd _dourd Dcfes-

sy Omlstruoml elb Omultdrtdrrmrjsc Eot mn 5::: (66 T._.O. 28>4(e)(6)(F)) jl mrbdr tm pdrcjt

Ecdrjoel Odltdrs tm rdcejl sdperetd nrmc T._. dcfessjds efrmeb elb dlsurd thet JVOs ml T._.

dcfessy, omlsuietd elb elldx omcpmulbs rdcejl mpdl elb eoodssjfid. Rhjs wmuib hdip tm sjc-

pijny om-imoeml wejvdr rdqudsts et thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt elb dcphesjzd thd lddb nmr e dxjfid,

oesd-fy-oesd epprmeoh thet tegds jltm omlsjbdreml thd odltreijty mn pufijo bjpimceoy tm nuiiijl`

T._. cjssjmls.48

_RERD BD[EVRCDLR1 Ejc tm Cegd Dxjsl` JVOs Mpdl elb Eoodssjfid Rhrmu`h Ldw [mijoy.

JVOs, dspdojeiiy jl omultrjds thet erd pjvmtei tm T._. lemlei sdourjty, cust fdomcd cmrd dlè`-

jl` tm ereot eubjdlods. E wmribwjbd pmijoy nmr mpdl eoodss tm JVOs thet eppijds tm eii pmsts js

ldodssery. Rhjs wmuib ij ’fy eppmjltcdlt mliy– rdstrjomls whdrd thdy dxjst7 ordetd e sdperetd

sdourjty sorddljl` nrmc thd cejl ohelodry7 pdrcjt uldsomrtdb eoodss7 elb eiimw usd mn pdrsmlei

didotrmljo bdvjods elb wjrdidss jltdrldt eoodss. Phdrdvdr pmssjfid, T._. dcpimydds shmuib eism

hevd mods jl thd JVOs sm thdy oel rdùieriy jltdreot wjth vjsjtmrs. Ecdrjoel Odltdrs thet trels-

nmrc jltm JVOs shmuib perouieriy ebhdrd tm thdsd prjlojpids tm rdtejl rdiemlshjps elb ldtwmrgs.

_RERD BD[EVRCDLR1 Omlbuot e _tuby mn thd Jcpeot mn Ecdrjoel Odltdrs, JVOs, Fjlemlei

Odltdrs elb Ecdrjoel Omrldrs. Es e rdsuit mn thd 6;5; @mvdrlcdlt Eoomultefjijty Mod (@EM)

rdpmrt ml Ecdrjoel _peods, thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt hes omlbuotdb twm ceamr stubjds thet hevdsuppmrtdb thd jcprmvdb cele d̀cdlt mn thdsd _peods1 e 6;52 stuby ml thd usdr dxpdrjdlod

mn Ecdrjoel Odltdrs elb e 6;54 stuby ml thd veiud mn ’fy eppmjltcdlt mliy– JVOs. Pd eism

rdomccdlb e thjrb stuby ml thd jcpeot elb veiud mn thdsd speods -- Ecdrjoel Odltdrs, JVOs,

Fjlemlei Odltdrs elb Ecdrjoel Omrldrs -- nmr T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy `meis, dspdojeiiy jl thd JJ[-bd-

tdrcjldb ’tmp dr– speods. Rhd epprejseis shmuib ijlg thdjr dmrts tm cjssjml ̀ meis elb bdvdimp

e rdsderoh-fesdb stretd`jo piel nmr deoh speod, jbdlnyjl` gdy pufijos elb thd pufijo bjpimceoy

jcpeot mfadovds nmr deoh gdy pufijo.4:

_RERD BD[EVRCDLR1 Omllud Bjeimùd Fdtwddl [ufijo Bjpimceoy, Furdeu mn Mvdrsdes

Fujibjl` Mpdremls elb thd Furdeu mn Bjpimceo _dourjty Idebdrshjp. Pd erd dlomure`db

thet Bjpimceo _dourjty elb thd Mvdrsdes Fujibjl` Mpdremls Furdeus hevd eirdeby ordetdb e

wmrgjl` ̀ rmup wjth pufijo bjpimceoy idebdrshjp tm ebbrdss sdvdrei pmijoy, pielljl` elb nulbjl`

omlodrls wjth thd rdcejljl` nrdd-stelbjl` Ecdrjoel Odltdrs elb thd JVOs. Pd hmpd thet thdsdomlvdrsemls wjii omllud tm fd omlstruovd elb teogid thd eoodssjfjijty mn thdsd speods ml e

oesd-fy-oesd fesjs.


17/22


5. T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bjpim-ceoy. ’Rdrrmrjsc elb _dourjty1 Rhd Rhrdettm [ufijo Bjpimceoy.– 5:84. https1//bmos.

`mmìd.omc/id/b/;FzX8?oltccNq_Dwt -oT`5MHNX^;;/dbjt=pij357 _dd1 ’Vjsg,Vdorujtcdlt elb Vdtdltjml1 Dlè`jl` Nmr-dj`l [ufijos jl Hj`h Rhrdet Dlvjrmlcdlts.–T._. Jlstjtutd mn [deod. Mot. 62, 6;52.http1//www.usjp.mr`/dvdlts/rjsg-rdorujt-cdlt-elb-rdtdltjml-dlè`jl`-nmrdj`l-puf-ijos-jl-hj`h-thrdet-dlvjrmlcdlts7

6. @mvdrlcdlt Eoomultefjijty Mnod. ’Dlè`jl`Nmrdj`l Eubjdlods1 Essdsscdlt mn [ufijo Bj-

pimceoy [ietnmrcs Omuib Hdip Jcprmvd _tetdBdpertcdlt [iels tm Dxpelb Dlè`dcdlt.–Auiy 6;5;. @EM-5;-0>0.

?. E sjcjier stetdcdlt wes cebd jl suppmrt mnthd uljqud rmid thet [deod Omrps pieys jlT._. bjpimceoy, esgjl` nmr bud omlsjbdretjmlnmr wejvdrs mn [deod Omrps vmiultddrs. _dd1_tetdcdlt fy Oml`rdsscel Ohrjstmphdr_heys (V-OR), Cey 5>, 6;;5. Oml`rdssjmleiVdomrb ‟ Hmusd 8664. http1//www.`pm.`mv/

nbsys/pg`/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>/pbn/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>-[`8656.pbn.

2. _tetdcdlt fy Oml`rdsscel Ohrjstmphdr_heys (V-OR), Cey 5>, 6;;5. Oml`rdssjmleiVdomrb ‟ Hmusd 8664. http1//www.`pm.`mv/ nbsys/pg`/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>/pbn/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>-[`8656.pbn.

4. Rhjs rdomccdlbetjml wes rst jltrmbuodb jlthd T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bj-

pimceoy‚s _dptdcfdr 6;52 rdpmrt, ’Bete-Brjv-dl [ufijo Bjpimceoy1 [rm`rdss RmwerbsCdesurjl` thd Jcpeot mn [ufijo Bjpimceoyelb Jltdrletjmlei Frmeboestjl` Eotjvjtjds.–http1//www.stetd.`mv/bmoucdlts/mrèljze-tjml/6?5:24.pbn

>. ’_dourd Dcfessy Omlstruotjml elb Omultdr-tdrrmrjsc Eot mn 5:::.– Ijfrery mn Oml`rdss.https1//www.`mvtreog.us/oml`rdss/fjiis/5;>/

s>0:/succery

0. Mnod mn Ecdrjoel _peods, Furdeu mn Jltdrle-tjmlei Jlnmrcetjml [rm`recs, T._. Bdpertcdltmn _tetd.

8. T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bjpim-ceoy. ’Rdrrmrjsc elb _dourjty1 Rhd Rhrdettm [ufijo Bjpimceoy.– 5:84. https1//bmos.`mmìd.omc/id/b/;FzX8?oltccNq_DwtoT` -5MHNX^;;/dbjt=pij35

:. ’Rhd Jlcel Vdpmrt Vdpmrt mn thd _dordtery mn_tetd‚s Ebvjsmry [eldi ml Mvdrsdes _dourjty.–T._. Bdpertcdlt mn _tetd. 5:84. http1//nes.mr`/jrp/thrdet/jlcel/

5;.Nduildr, Dbwjl A. Ar., ’Bml‚t Idt _dourjty HjbdMur Ij`ht,– Rhd Peshjl`tml [mst, Motmfdr 0,5:84, p. E5?. 4.

55. Rhjs yder, thd T._. Jlnmrcetjml E`dloycdr`db wjth thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt elb T_JEijfrerjds fdoecd Ecdrjoel Odltdrs.

56. ’56 NEC 22; [mst sdourjty nulotjmls.– T._.Bdpertcdlt mn _tetd Nmrdj`l Ennejrs Celuei,^miucd 56. Bjpimcetjo _dourjty. 5> Lmvdcfdr6;55. http1//www.stetd.`mv/bmoucdlts/mrèlj-zetjml/88?:0.pbn

5?. ’Et pmsts whdrd thd tdrrmrjsc mr pmijtjoeivjmidlod thrdet idvdi js didvetdb tm orjtjoei,dxjstjl` omiimoetjml wejvdrs nmr T._. bjpimcet-jo neojijtjds erd suspdlbdb pdlbjl` e nmrceirdvjdw mn e ldw austjoetjml sufcjttei fy [mst

tm cejltejl thd imoetjml mn thd neojijty. [dlbjl`thd rdvjdw prmodss, [msts dcdr`dloy eotjmlomccjttdd cust fd omlvdldb tm bdtdrcjldhmw qujogiy thd neojijty js tm fd oimsdb fesdbml ijnd sendty jssuds.– _dd1 ’56 NEC 22; [mstsdourjty nulotjmls.– T._. Bdpertcdlt mn _tetdNmrdj`l Ennejrs Celuei, ^miucd 56. Bjpimcet-jo _dourjty. 5> Lmvdcfdr 6;55. http1//www.stetd.`mv/bmoucdlts/mrèljzetjml/88?:0.pbn

52. Nmibj, [eui. ’T._. [ufijo Bjpimceoy ‟ Rjcd tm

DLBLMRD_


18/22


@dt Feog jl thd @ecd.– 5? Ndfruery 6;;:.Omccjttdd ml Nmrdj`l Vdietjmls et thd T._._dletd.

54. Jfjb.

5>. Jfjb.

50. Jl ebbjtjml, thd rdpmrt oeiidb nmr JVOs elbEcdrjoel Odltdrs tm fd mpdl sjx beys e wddgelb tm dlsurd eoodssjfjijty, elb nmr JVO‚s tmfd sjcpiy oeiidb ’Ijfrery– es thd tdrc ’Jlnmr-cetjml Vdsmurod Odltdr– mntdl bjb lmt trels-ietd wjth nmrdj`l pufijos. Jl ebbjtjml, thd rdpmrtdcphesjzdb thet Ecdrjoel Omrldrs shmuiblmt fd sufstjtutds nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs.

58.@mvdrlcdlt Eoomultefjijty Mnod. ’Dlè`jl`Nmrdj`l Eubjdlods1 Essdsscdlt mn [ufijo Bj-pimceoy [ietnmrcs Omuib Hdip Jcprmvd _tetdBdpertcdlt [iels tm Dxpelb Dlè`dcdlt.–Auiy 6;5;. @EM-5;-0>0. http1//www.èm.`mv/ prmbuots/@EM-5;-0>0

5:. Jfjb.

6;. Letsjms, Elbrdw. ’Ecdrjoel Nmrtrdssds1Jt‚s Herb Rm Oerry Mut Nmrdj`l [mijoy Nrmc

Fdhjlb Rhjog Omlordtd Peiis.– Rhd Pddgiy_telberb. 66 Cey 6;;>. http1//www.wddg-iystelberb.omc/prjlt/Omltdlt/[ufijo/Ertj-oids/;;;/;;;/;56/65>yrnpx.esp=pe`d36. Eismsdd1 Lmrrjs, Amhl. ’Hmw tm Feielod _endtyelb Mpdlldss nmr Ecdrjoe‚s Bjpimcets.– RhdEtieltjo. Lmvdcfdr 6;5?.

65. ’Rhd Uuebrdlljei Bjpimceoy elb Bdvdimp-cdlt Vdvjdw.– T._. Bdpertcdlt mn _tetd. Eprji6:, 6;54. http1//www.stetd.`mv/s/bcr/qbbr/

66. Jfjb.

6?. ’6 NEC ;?; Vjsg Cele`dcdlt.– T._. Bdpert-cdlt mn _tetd Nmrdj`l Ennejrs Celuei, ^miucd6. @dldrei. 6; Ceroh 6;54. http1//www.stetd.`mv/bmoucdlts/mrèljzetjml/82?>:.pbn

62. _dd1 ’Vjsg, Vdorujtcdlt elb Vdtdltjml1 Dl-è`jl` Nmrdj`l [ufijos jl Hj`h Rhrdet Dlvj-

rmlcdlts.– T._. Jlstjtutd mn [deod. Mot. 62,6;52. http1//www.usjp.mr`/dvdlts/rjsg-rdorujt-cdlt-elb-rdtdltjml-dlè`jl`-nmrdj`l-puf-ijos-jl-hj`h-thrdet-dlvjrmlcdlts7 Pjisml,Bmu`. ’Vjsg, Vdorujtcdlt elb Vdtdltjml1 ElEii-Helbs Bjsoussjml.– Vdcergs bdijvdrdb et

’Vjsg, Vdorujtcdlt elb Vdtdltjml1 Dlè`jl`Nmrdj`l [ufijos jl Hj`h Rhrdet Dlvjrmlcdlts–et T_J[. Mot. 62, 6;52. http1//trucelprmadot.mr`/bmotrjld-fim`/rjsg-rdorujtcdlt-elb-rdtdl-tjml-el-eii-helbs-bjsoussjml/

64. Eoomrbjl` tm thd Jltdrletjmlei Jlnmrcetjml[rm`recs Furdeu et thd _tetd Bdpertcdlt,’Rhd Mnod mn Ecdrjoel _peods ejcs tm eb-velod T._. nmrdj`l pmijoy thrmu`h e wmribwjbdldtwmrg mn physjoei speods, dlè`jl` nmrdj`l

pufijos jl jltdreotjvd bjeimùd. Rhd mnodbdvdimps elb eppijds stretd`jo ùjbelodthrmu`h pmijoy elb nulbjl` nmr thdsd speodstm dlomure`d pdrsml-tm-pdrsml dlè`dcdlt.Rhjs jloiubds prmvjbjl` rdsmurods tm dlomur-e`d thd omrd stelberbs mn Dlìjsh ielùe`diderljl`, eiuclj eotjvjtjds, ouiturei prm`recs,stuby jl thd Tljtdb _tetds elb jlnmrcetjmlefmut thd Tljtdb _tetds vje tdohlmim`y. Jlnmr-cetjml Vdsmurod Mnodrs hdip tjdr mld Ecdr-

joel speods thrmu`h stretd`jo pielljl`, mvdr-sj`ht, elb cejltejl eoodss tm jlnmrcetjml nmrvjsjtmrs. Rhd mnod eism wmrgs wjth MFM elbBjpimcetjo _dourjty tm cejltejl omrd pufijodlè`dcdlt rdqujrdcdlts.–

6>. ’Jlspdotjml mn thd Furdeu mn JltdrletjmleiJlnmrcetjml [rm`recs.– T._. Bdpertcdlt mn_tetd elb thd Frmeboestjl` Fmerb mn @mvdr-lmrs Mnod mn Jlspdotmr @dldrei. Cey 6;5?.https1//mj`.stetd.`mv/systdc/ids/6555:?.pbn

60.Mnod mn Ecdrjoel _peods. Jltdrletjmlei Jl-nmrcetjml [rm`recs Furdeu, T._. Bdpertcdltmn _tetd.

68. Jfjb.

6:. ’6;52 Omcprdhdlsjvd Elluei Vdpmrt ml [uf-ijo Bjpimceoy elb Jltdrletjmlei FrmeboestjlÈotjvjtjds.– T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [uf-ijo Bjpimceoy. Bdo. 55, 5;52. http1//www.stetd


19/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs 5:

`mv/bmoucdlts/mrèljzetjml/6?454:.pbn

?;. Jfjb.

?5. ’Dveiuetjml mn Ecdrjoel Odltdrs.– Mnod mn[mijoy, [ielljl` elb Vdsmurods nmr thd Tl-

bdr _dordtery mn [ufijo Bjpimceoy elb [ufijoEnnejrs, T._. Bdpertcdlt mn _tetd. 6;52.

?6. ’Mpdl Bmmrs Bete1 Domlmcjo Jcpeot mnJltdrletjmlei _tubdlts.– Jlstjtutd nmr Jltdrle-tjmlei Dbuoetjml. 6;52. http1//www.jjd.mr`/ Vdsderoh-elb-[ufijoetjmls/Mpdl-Bmmrs/Bete/ Domlmcjo-Jcpeot-mn-Jltdrletjmlei-_tubdlts

??. Dbuoetjmlei elb Ouiturei Ennejrs Furdeu, T._.Bdpertcdlt mn _tetd.

?2. ’6;52 Omcprdhdlsjvd Elluei Vdpmrt ml [uf-ijo Bjpimceoy elb Jltdrletjmlei FrmeboestjlÈotjvjtjds.–

?4. Jfjb.

?>. Jfjb.

?0. _dd1 Omlnuojus Jlstjtutd Hdebquertdrs (Hef-lel)1 http1//dlìjsh.helfel.mr`/

?8. _dd1 @mdthd Jlstjtut1 https1//www.`mdthd.bd/ dl/jlbdx.htci

?:. _dd1 EiijelodNreloejsd1 http1//www.nrelodbo.mr`/

2;. _dd1 Frjtjsh Omuloji Elluei Vdpmrt1 http1// www.frjtjshomuloji.mr`/sjtds/frjtjshomuloji.ug6/ids/b442]elluei]rdpmrt]lei.pbn

25. _dd1 Jsiecjo Ouiturd elb Vdietjmls Mrèljze-

tjml1 http1//dl.jorm.jr/

26. _dd1 Nmibj, 6;;:.

2?.Mnod mn Ecdrjoel _peods, Furdeu mn Jltdrle-tjmlei Jlnmrcetjml [rm`recs, T._. Bdpertcdltmn _tetd.

22.Lmtd1 Eoomrbjl` tm thd Mnod mn Ecdrjoel_peods, smcd JVOs erd omlsjbdrjl` rdim-

oetjl` tm thd efelbmldb ohelodrjds. Rhdsdjloiubd Reshgdlt elb Fegu, eithmu`h thdrdwmuib fd cmrd jn mnndrdb thd mppmrtuljty. Rhdceamrjty mn thdsd speods rdprdsdlt urfelodltdrs thet erd stretd`joeiiy jcpmrtelt tm T._.nmrdj`l pmijoy `meis elb thet cmst wjii e`rdd

neod veryjl` idvdis mn sdourjty thrdets.

24. ’Dveiuetjml mn ‘Fy Eppmjltcdlt Mliy‚ Jlnmr-cetjml Vdsmurod Odltdrs.– Mnod mn [mijoy,[ielljl` elb Vdsmurods nmr thd Tlbdr _do-rdtery mn [ufijo Bjpimceoy elb [ufijo Ennejrs,T._. Bdpertcdlt mn _tetd. 6;54. Lmtds1 RhdFurdeu mn Mvdrsdes Fujibjl` Mpdretjmlswmrgs tm jbdltjny urfel erdes nmr dcfessyomcpmulbs, fut thet js lmt eiweys pmssjfidsjlod omlstruotjml cust fd mrj`jlei.

2>. Jfjb.

20. Jfjb. Lmtd1 Rhd dveiuetjml nmulb thet whjidvjsjtmrs elb prm`rec pertjojpelts ier`diyulbdrstelb thd lddb nmr sdourjty prmod-burds, jt stjii eots es e bdtdrrdlt. Jl smcderdes whdrd nrdd, uiitdrdb PjNj, mpdleoodss tm jlnmrcetjml smurods elb Dlìjshielùe`d iderljl` eotjvjtjds erd jl strml`

bdcelb, pertjojpelts erd cmrd wjiijl` tmcegd eppmjltcdlts nmr usd mn thd JVO elbomcpiy wjth sdourjty rdqujrdcdlts.

28. Fuoherdst, Vmcelje7 Iusege, Qecfje7 Omtm-lmu, Fdljl7 @uel`zhmu, Ohjle7 Cucfej,Jlbje7 Mueèbmu`mu, Furgjlm Nesm7 Vjè,Ietvje7 Zemulbd, Oecdrmml.

2:. EO[B vjsjtdb thd Fdlaecjl Nrelgijl Ijfrery jlCdxjom Ojty jl Euùst 6;52 elb esgdb thet e

om-imoetjml wejvdr fd `reltdb fdnmrd thd LDOjs omcpidtdb jl 6;6;. Mpdl sjlod 5:26, jt wjiifd uprmmtdb nrmc jts bmwltmwl, odltrei imoe-tjml jl Cdxjom Ojty elb om-imoetdb jl thd LDOjl el dijtd ldj`hfmrhmmb jl 6;6;. Jt ourrdltiyebvelods cjssjml `meis tm dcpmwdr ymuthelb dltrdprdldurshjp7 prmtdot amurleijsts7elb suppmrt sojdlod, tdohlmim`y, dl`jlddrjlèlb cethdcetjos dbuoetjml thrmu`h cmrdthel 54; elluei eotjvjtjds, 62,;;; vmiucds mn


20/22

EO[B | [TFIJO BJ[IMCEOZ ER VJ_G1 [rmtdotjl` Mpdl Eoodss nmr Ecdrjoel Odltdrs6;

pufijoetjmls elb cuitj-cdbje omltdlt. Jt eismprmvjbds Dlìjsh ielùe`d jlstruotjml elb Db-uoetjmlT_E ebvjsjl`. Phjid thd cmvd immgsjldvjtefid, jt js jcpdretjvd thet thd ldw speodml thd LDO rdcejl mpdl elb eoodssjfid tmthd Cdxjoel pufijo.

4;. Lmrrjs, Amhl. ’Hmw tm Feielod _endty elbMpdlldss nmr Ecdrjoe‚s Bjpimcets.– Rhd Et-ieltjo. Lmvdcfdr 6;5?.

45. _dd1 Nmibj, 6;;:.

46.Dbwjl A. Nduildr, Ar., ’Bml‚t Idt _dourjty HjbdMur Ij`ht,– Rhd Peshjl`tml [mst, Motmfdr 0,5:84, p. E5?. 4.

4?. EO[B queijtetjvd rdsderoh hes nmulb thetojvjijels erd wjiijl` tm tegd ml cmrd rjsg tmomcpidtd cjssjmls jcpmrtelt tm T._. letjmleisdourjty, jn thdy glmw thdy wjii fd tegdl oerdmn. _dd1

42. ’_endr Dcfessjds jl Tlsend _peods.–Ceroh 6;, 6;;?. Hderjl` Fdnmrd thd Tljtdb_tetds _dletd Omccjttdd ml Nmrdj`l Vdie-tjmls. http1//www.`pm.`mv/nbsys/pg`/OHV@-5;8shr`88545/htci/OHV@-5;8shr`88545.

htc

44.@mvdrlcdlt Eoomultefjijty Mnod. ’Dlè`jl`Nmrdj`l Eubjdlods1 Essdsscdlt mn [ufijo Bj-pimceoy [ietnmrcs Omuib Hdip Jcprmvd _tetdBdpertcdlt [iels tm Dxpelb Dlè`dcdlt.–Auiy 6;5;. @EM-5;-0>0.

4>.@mvdrlcdlt Eoomultefjijty Mnod. ’Dlè`jl`Nmrdj`l Eubjdlods1 Essdsscdlt mn [ufijo Bj-pimceoy [ietnmrcs Omuib Hdip Jcprmvd _tetd

Bdpertcdlt [iels tm Dxpelb Dlè`dcdlt.–Auiy 6;5;. @EM-5;-0>0.

40. E sjcjier stetdcdlt wes cebd jl suppmrt mnthd uljqud rmid thet [deod Omrps pieys jlT._. bjpimceoy, esgjl` nmr bud omlsjbdretjmlnmr wejvdrs mn [deod Omrps vmiultddrs. _dd1_tetdcdlt fy Oml`rdsscel Ohrjstmphdr_heys (V-OR), Cey 5>, 6;;5. Oml`rdssjmlei

Vdomrb ‟ Hmusd 8664. http1//www.`pm.`mv/ nbsys/pg`/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>/pbn/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>-[`8656.pbn.

48. _tetdcdlt fy Oml`rdsscel Ohrjstmphdr_heys (V-OR), Cey 5>, 6;;5. Oml`rdssjmleiVdomrb ‟ Hmusd 8664. http1//www.`pm.`mv/ nbsys/pg`/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>/pbn/OVDOF-6;;5-pt>-[`8656.pbn.

4:.Rhjs rdomccdlbetjml wes rst jltrmbuodb jl

thd T._. Ebvjsmry Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bj-pimceoy‚s _dptdcfdr 6;52 rdpmrt, ’Bete-Brjv-dl [ufijo Bjpimceoy1 [rm`rdss RmwerbsCdesurjl` thd Jcpeot mn [ufijo Bjpimceoyelb Jltdrletjmlei Frmeboestjl` Eotjvjtjds.–http1//www.stetd.`mv/bmoucdlts/mrèljze-tjml/6?5:24.pbn

>;. Oefrei, Vmxelld7 [dtdr Dl`digd, GethdrjldFrmwl, Elld Pdbldr. ’Bjpimceoy nmr e Bjn-nusd Pmrib.– Etieltjo Omuloji & T._. Ebvjsmry

Omccjssjml ml [ufijo Bjpimceoy. _dptdcfdr6;52. http1//www.etieltjoomuloji.mr`/jce`ds/ pufijoetjmls/Bjpimceoy]nmr]e]Bjnnusd]Pmrib.pbn

>5. ’_endr Dcfessjds jl Tlsend _peods.–Ceroh 6;, 6;;?. Hderjl` Fdnmrd thd Tljtdb_tetds _dletd Omccjttdd ml Nmrdj`l Vdie-tjmls. http1//www.`pm.`mv/nbsys/pg`/OHV@-5;8shr`88545/htci/OHV@-5;8shr`88545.htc


21/22


Enrjoe

[rdtmrje, _muth Enrjoe - Ecdrjoel Omrldr [rdtmrjeFuieweym, Qjcfefwd - P.D.F. BuFmjs Ecdrjoel Odltdr Gjèij, Vwelbe - Gjèij Ecdrjoel Omrldr Gjlshese, Bdcmoretjo Vdpufijo mn Oml`m ‟ Ecdrjoel Omr-ldr Ijcdtd

Ebbjs Efefe, Dthjmpje -- Ebbjs Efefe Ecdrjoel Omrldr Gjsucu, Gdlye ‟ Ecdrjoel Omrldr GjsucuIe`ms, Lj`drje - EnrjIefs Ie`msRhjds, _dldèi ‟ Ecdrjoel Omrldr RhjdsOepd Rmwl, _muth Enrjoe -- T_jlnmKOdltrei

Dest Esje [eojo

Vel`mml, Furce ‟ Ecdrjoel Odltdr Celbeiey, Furce ‟ Adnndrsml Odltdr Ohdl`bu, Ohjle - Ohdl`bu Jlnmrcetjml Vdsmurod Odltdr _hel`hej, Ohjle - _hel`hej Ecdrjoel Odltdr _hdlyel`, Ohjle - _hdlyel` Jlnmrcetjml Vdsmurod Odltdr Fdjajl`, Ohjle - Fdjajl` Ecdrjoel Odltdr Aegerte, Jlbmldsje - Kecdrjoe_dmui, Gmrde - Ecdrjoel Odltdr GmrdeHelmj, ̂ jdtlec ‟ Ecdrjoel Odltdr Hm Ohj Cjlh Ojty, ^jdtlec - Ecdrjoel Odltdr Hm Ohj CjlhOjty

Durmpd

Cmster, Fmslje & Hdrzd`mvjle - Ecdrjoel Omrldr Cmster Fetucj, @dmr`je - Fetucj Ecdrjoel Omrldr _tuttèrt, @drcely - @drcel-Ecdrjoel JlstjtutdXelthj, @rddod - Xelthj Ecdrjoel Omrldr Ohjsjleu, Cmibmve - Ecdrjoel Vdsmurod Odltdr OhjsjleuIjsfml, [mrtuèi - Neouity mn _ojdlod elb Rdohlmim`yCmsomw, Vussje ‟ Ecdrjoel Odltdr Cmsomw (rdeiiy el

Ecdrjoel Omrldr)@ezjeltdp, Rurgdy - @ezjeltdp Ecdrjoel Omrldr Gyjv, Tgrejld - Gyjv Ecdrjoe Hmusd

Ghergjv, Tgrejld - Ghergjv Pjlbmw ml Ecdrjoe Odltdr

Lder Dest Esje Vd`jml

Oejrm, D`ypt - JVO OejrmOejrm, D`ypt - Ecdrjoel Omrldr Ceebj

Eccel, Amrbel - Ecdrjoel Ielùe`d Odltdr Feegijld, Idfelml - Ecdrjoel Omrldr FeegiddlOesefieloe, Cmrmoom - Ber EcdrjoePdst Adruseidc, Jsredi - Ecdrjoel Odltdr AdruseidcDest Adruseidc, [eidstjljel Rdrrjtmrjds - Ecdrjoe HmusdAdruseidcVeceiieh, [eidstjljel Rdrrjtmrjds - Ecdrjoe Hmusd Vecei-iehRuljs, Ruljsje ‟ Ecdrjoel Omrldr Ruljsje

Ebdl, Zdcdl ‟ Ecdrjoel Omrldr et Ebdl Tljvdrsjty

_muth elb Odltrei Esje

Bhege, Felìebdsh - Dbwerb C. Gdlldby Odltdr Ldw Bdihj, Jlbje - Rhd Ecdrjoel Odltdr Ldw BdihjGelby, _rj Ielge - Gelby Ecdrjoel Omrldr Ceiyy, Ceibjvds - Ecdrjoel Omrldr CeiyyGethcelbu, Ldpei - Ldpei Fmmg FusGereohj, [egjstel ‟ Ijlomil Iderljl` Odltdr

Eicety, Gezeghstel - Ecdrjoel Omrldr EicetyFjshgdg, Gyr`yz Vdpufijo - Fjshgdg Ecdrjoe FmrfmruBushelfd, Reajgjstel - Bushelfd Ecdrjoel Omrldr

Eshèfet, Rurgcdljstel - JVO Eshèfet

Pdstdrl Hdcjsphdrd Eejrs

Er`dltjle, Fudlms Ejrds - Jlstjtutm Ouiturei Er`dltjlm Lmr-tdecdrjoelmOmohefecfe, Fmijvje - Odltrm Fmijvjelm Ecdrjoelm Omoh-efecfeFresjije, Frezji - Oese Rhmces Adnndrsml_eltje`m, Ohjid - Jlstjtutm Ohjidlm Lmrtdecdrjoelm[drdjre, Omimcfje - Odltrm Omimcfm EcdrjoelmOudloe, Douebmr - Odltrm Douetmrjelm Lmrtdecdrjoelm

Efrehec Ijlomil

_el [dbrm _uie, Hmlbures - Odltrm Ouiturei _ecpdbrelmCdxjom, Cdxjom Ojty - Fdlaecjl Nrelgijl IjfreryCeleùe, Ljoereùe - Odltrm Ouiturei Ljoereùdlsd Lmr-tdecdrjoelmCereoejfm, ̂ dldzudie - Odltrm ^dldzmielm Ecdrjoelm bdiQuije

EBBDLBTC

RM[ RJDV ECDVJOEL _[EOD_


22/22

E B ^ J _

M V Z

O M C C

J _ _ J

M L M L

[

T F I J O

B J [ I M

C E O Z

_dptdcfdr 5>, 6;52

Vdpmrt [rdperdb fy Omccjssjml _tenn Gethdrjld Frmwl elb Ohrjs Hdlscel

Nmr el didotrmljo vdrsjml mn thd rdpmrt,pidesd vjsjt http1//www.stetd.`mv/pbomccjssjml/

Documents

Peace Corps Department of State Information Resource Center IRC