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B B
A A
Cylindrical section
(a)
A A
B B
Square section
(b)
A A
C C
(c)
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X
Y
Z
A B A BA B
T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2
(a) (b) (c)
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Q1. a. Define the following technical terms as they apply to
glass as a packagingmaterial
i. Pressureii. Stressb. A thin-walled hollow cylindrical glass
bottle of internal diameter of 90mm anda wall thickness of 3mm is
subjected to an internal pressure of 15bars, usingappropriate
formula calculate the tensile stress acting at every point in the
outersurface of the cylindrical bottle
Q2. Enumerate and discuss the important characteristics of glass
that come intoplay when a truly hygienic containers is being sought
for packaging of foods andpharmaceutical products
Q3. [a.] A cylindrical bottle of soda-lime glass composition
having a wall thickness of4mm is uniformly heated up to 700C and
then suddenly immersed neck deepinto a bucket of water maintained
constantly at 400C. Using the appropriateformula, calculate the
tensile stress experienced by the bottle. Express youranswer in
Pascal.[b.] Assume that the same cylindrical bottle above is
exposed to sudden heating
up instead of chilling, by twice the amount of temperature
difference, what is theamount of tension to be experienced by the
bottle?
Q4. [a.] With the aid of illustrative diagrams, discuss what you
consider the mostsuitable shape of bottle design that can best
withstand internal pressure.Explain the reason for your choice.[b.]
In most designs the greatest stress is experienced in the area of
the bottle
shoulder. With reference to the relationship between radius of
vertical shouldercurvature and mean bearable load discuss by
contrasting between four [4]design types of known bottle shoulder
and hence point out which of the four isof the best suitable
design.
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Q5. A glass bottle has an outside surface strength of 35MN/m2and
wall thickness of
3mm and internal diameter of 45mm; using appropriate formula,
calculate thetheoretical bursting pressure.
Q6. Discuss three [3] commercial criteria from the point of view
of a product packerwhich any container needs to satisfy for it to
be used for packaging
