Overview of Abnormal Overview of Abnormal PsychPsychLesson 1

ObjectivesObjectivesDefine abnormality.Review historical approaches to

abnormality.Compare how different schools

explain abnormal behavior.Identify how disorders are classified

and problems with system.Discuss how society views mental

illness.

What is What is normal??

“Normal”

“Abnormal”

◦ Standard◦ Socially acceptable

behavior w/in a culture

◦ Deviation from normality

◦ Distressful◦ Dysfunctional

Review: History of Abnormal : History of Abnormal BehaviorsBehaviorsEarliest Explanation?

◦ Evil Spirits – Trephining

Ancient World◦ Greeks – (Humors) Natural not supernatural forces

Middle Ages◦ Demonic possession

Renaissance◦ Scientific approach – mind can be sick

American Reform◦ Benjamin Rush & Dorothea Dix – humane treatment,

asylums

Scientific Advances◦ Biological Basis, Imaging & Genetics,

Psychopharmacology

TPS: Perspectives of TPS: Perspectives of DisordersDisorders

Illness is the result of….

Can be treated by…

Psychoanalytic

Behavioral

Cognitive

Neurobiology

Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of DisordersPerspectives of DisordersIllness is the result of….

Can be treated by…

Psychoanalytic

Unconscious conflicts over aggressive & sexual impulses.

Psychotherapy (“talking cure”)

Behavioral

Cognitive

Neurobiology

Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of DisordersPerspectives of DisordersIllness is the result of….

Can be treated by…

Psychoanalytic

Unconscious conflicts over aggressive & sexual impulses.

Psychotherapy (“talking cure”)

Behavioral Reinforcement of inappropriate or extinction of appropriate behaviors.

Behavior Therapy: Apply principles of learning to change/modify behavior

Cognitive

Neurobiology

Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of DisordersPerspectives of DisordersIllness is the result of….

Can be treated by…

Psychoanalytic

Behavioral Reinforcement of inappropriate or extinction of appropriate behaviors.

Behavior Therapy: Apply principles of learning to change/modify behavior

Cognitive Irrational or maladaptive thought processes

Cognitive Therapy: Change thought processes

Neurobiology

Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of DisordersPerspectives of DisordersIllness is the result of….

Can be treated by…

Psychoanalytic

Behavioral

Cognitive Irrational or maladaptive thought processes

Cognitive Therapy: Change thought processes

Neurobiology Genetic abnormalities in brain structure & biochemistry.

Medication

Biopsychosocial

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Medication, Behavioral , Cognitive Therapies

Perspectives of DisordersPerspectives of DisordersIllness is the result of….

Can be treated by…

Psychoanalytic

Behavioral

Cognitive

Neurobiology Genetic abnormalities in brain structure & biochemistry.

Medication

Biopsychosocial

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Medication, Behavioral , Cognitive Therapies

Conceptual ModelsConceptual Models

Medical Model: Diagnose, treat, and cure mental illness.

◦Diagnosis – distinguish among disorders

◦Etiology – cause/origin of disorder◦Prognosis – course & outcome of

disorder

Diagnosing Mental IllnessDiagnosing Mental IllnessObjective &

Projective Tests

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders◦ Classification

system◦ Psychologists &

Psychiatrists

DSMDSMDSM-I (1952): ~60 mental disorders

DSM-II (1968): Used Freudian terms psychoses (severe) & neuroses (mild)

DSM-III (1980): Disorders caused by underlying psychological diseases. Intro 5 axes

DSM-IV (1994): ~300 disorders, eliminated others (ex homosexuality)◦ DSM-IV-TR (2000)

DSM5 (2013): ~ 300 disorders, eliminated

multiaxial system, added some (hoarding) eliminated others

Major DSM 5 DisordersMajor DSM 5 DisordersAnxietyMoodSomatic

SymptomSchizophrenia

SpectrumDissociativePersonalityImpulse Control

& Conduct

Feeding & EatingSubstance-RelatedSleep-Wake

DisordersSexual & Gender

Identity DisordersNeurodevelopmental

DisordersNeurocognitive

Disorders

Criticisms of DSMCriticisms of DSMOver diagnosis Huge spectrumLabels harmfulLacks reliabilityControversial disorders

NIMH rejected new version – won’t fund research

Mental Illness vs. InsanityMental Illness vs. Insanity

Sane and Insane are legal terms

Insanity – inability of defendant to distinguish right from wrong at time of crime

TPS - Should the insanity plea be allowed or not?

Why Study Abnormal Why Study Abnormal Psych?Psych?

Prevalence

Stigma / Misconceptions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUaXFlANojQ

Organizations & GoalsOrganizations & GoalsAPA

NIMH

Educate publicConfront

discriminationChallenge

negative stereotypes

Emphasize treatment works

Achieve parity w/physical diseases

ClosureClosureWhat steps can high school

students take to lessen the stigma often associated with psychological disorders?