Upload
godwin-white
View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
OSPMadrid 21
patriomonio construido de Espane
John Kunz
Week 3: 25 January
Week 3: 25 January 19
Patterns
54. Road crossing
55. Raised walk
56. Bike paths and racks
57. Children in the city
58. Carnival
59. Quiet backs
60. Accessible green
21. Four story limit
30. Activity nodes
31. Promenade
61. Small public squares
62. High places
66. Holy Ground
67. Common land
69. Public outdoor room
92. Bus stop
94. Sleeping in public
95. Building complex
96. Number of stories
125. Stair seats
163. Outdoor room
Week 3: 25 January 20
Pattern 54: Road crossing
• Problems– Cars frighten and subdue walking people– Pedestrians must be extremely visible to car drivers– Cars should slow down when they approach a pedestrian
crossing
• Pattern (only for “special” roads, not all), when pedestrians need to wait >= 2 seconds for traffic to pass– To broaden safe walking space, allow pedestrians on narrowing
of the road that allows cars on through lanes only, i.e., allow pedestrians on eliminated curbside parking lanes
– Add pedestrian islands for wide roads
Week 3: 25 January 21
Pattern 55: Raised walk
Any pedestrian path along a road carrying fast-moving cars should be about 18 inches above the road, with a low wall or railing along the edge
Week 3: 25 January 22
Pattern 56: Bike paths and racks
Build a system of bike paths: clearly marked, along local roads– Provide bike racks
Week 3: 25 January 23
Pattern 57: Children in the city
Create a network of bike paths, adjacent to homes and shops, through every neighborhood so children can roam “freely on their bikes and trikes.”
Week 3: 25 January 24
Pattern 58: Carnival
Set aside some part of town as a carnival, a space for “mad” sideshows, clowns, dancing, music, street theater, freak events, transvestites, that allow people to reveal their madness.– Put an outdoor theater at one end
Week 3: 25 January 25
Pattern 59: Quiet backs
Give buildings a quiet “back” muted from public noise. – Build wall along back so it gets sunlight– Connect it to other walks to form a network
of alleys.
Week 3: 25 January 26
Pattern 60: Accessible green
Build one open public green within three minutes’ walk – about 750 feet – of every house and workplace. – Greens >= 150 ft across, >= 60K ft2
Method to use patterns
1. Start with list of all patterns
2. Find one pattern that best describes your project
3. Note related smaller patterns
4. Select next most descriptive from all noted patterns
5. Exclude a pattern when in doubt
6. Iterate 4-5 until you have all patterns you want
7. Add own patterns
8. Change patterns if you want
As in poetry, the most interesting spaces have many (harmonious) patterns
Week 3: 25 January 27
Steele - Roots of sustainability
• Ancient history – preserve; develop slowly: – American Indian culture for millennia; Spain?– My grandparents: very thrifty farmers
• > Industrial revolution – develop quickly & deplete
Week 2: 18 January 28
“black dragons” from the Lasengmiao Power Plant , China, 2005, http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/11/14/unbelievable-pollution-in-china-yet-the-us-is-the-baddie-at-copenhagen/
Wiping smog tears, Los Angeles, 1953.http://www.aqmd.gov/news1/Archives/History/50th_photos.htm
Steele: roots of sustainability
• 1970s “Zero growth” – Population Bomb, Ehrlich – 1968– First Earth day – 1970– Limits to Growth - 1972
• 1980s Sustainability– Brandt commission North – South – 1980– Bruntland report Our Common Future promise of
environment and economic development - 1987• Discussion of values, standard of living
Week 2: 18 January 29
Sustainability
• Sustainability now links economic development with ecological (and now cultural) preservation – both economic development and ecology must
and have started to redefine their values more broadly
– To develop either indefinitely over time requires the other
• Fundamentally an ethical question: how do we want to care for those who are yet unborn?
Week 2: 18 January 30
Flessig - Smart Growth objectives: long-term health of existingcommunities --economically, environmentally, socially
• minimize impacts of new development (public infrastructure costs, congestion, air pollution, loss of agriculture land, etc.);
• provide greater accessibility and choices in how we move about from home, work, shopping and leisure activities;
• stabilize and improve the long-term financial performance for commercial and home owners;
• maximize the return from public investments in existing and new roads, schools, utilities, transit systems, bridges, waterways, etc;
• protect natural habitat and watersheds for the future; and• foster a greater sense of connection, responsibility and
continuity for citizens with their communities.
Week 3: 25 January 31
Critical components biggest “Smart-Bang-for-the-Buck”
1 . PROXIMITY TO EXISTING/FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE;
2 . MIX AND BALANCE OF USES;
3 . SITE OPTIMIZATION AND COMPACTNESS;
4 . ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES;
5 . COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND SITE DESIGN;
6 . FINED-GRAINED BLOCK, PEDESTRIAN AND PARK NETWORK;
7 . ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY;
8 . DIVERSITY;
9 . RE-USE AND REDEVELOPMENT OPTIONS;
10. PROCESS COLLABORATION AND PREDICTABILITY OF DECISIONS
Week 3: 25 January 32
1. PROXIMITY TO EXISTING/FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Factors Score
Distance to existing roads, water and sewer service
Walking distance to transit (bus, rail, etc.)
For residential uses: distance to food and convenience stores, schools, daycare, rec centers
For commercial development (employment), proximity to housing, restaurants, entertainment
Time before additional support services (shopping, schools, transit) will be available
Project located within designated development/ redevelopment area
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 33
2. MIX AND BALANCE OF USES
Factors Score
Provides a new type of development to an existing neighborhood (within 1 mile), e.g., employment, housing, retail, civic, educational, cultural, recreation
Street-level uses that generate maximum pedestrian activity (# hours open per day)
Project is mixed-use
Total
Week 3: 25 January 34
3. SITE OPTIMIZATION AND COMPACTNESS
Factors Score
Maximize allowable floor-area ratio (FAR): FAR ~ allowed max
Average number of dwelling units/acre (gross density including open space) > 14
Office project has high floor area ratio: > 1.0
Shopping center project has high floor area ratio: > 0.75
High % of "usable" open space for gathering and recreation as compared to undeveloped open areas such as parking planters and traffic islands: > 75%
Place parking in above- or below-grade structures (% of total parking in structure): 75%
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 35
4. ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES
Factors Score
Reduce vehicle mile traveled > 50%
Provide pedestrian amenities for transit
Provide direct street connections
Locate parking facilities behind the building
Facilitate connections to existing or planed parks, open space
Facilitate choices in transportation modes
Provide Park-n-ride lots
Provide van pool or car pool service
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 36
5. COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND SITE DESIGN
Factors Score
Include map of neighborhood and street connections for planning/building permit approvals
Preservation and re-use >= 75% of an existing structure
Building reflects local historical building materials, style and/or design
Treatment of façade breaks down massing, articulates depth, verticality and street edge
Scale and mass of buildings relate to neighborhood
Continuation of existing neighborhood street pattern into new project
Include strong connections all adjacent natural features such as river-ways, hiking trails
Automobiles make minimum impact on pedestrians
Total scoreWeek 3: 25 January 37
6. FINE-GRAINED BLOCK, PEDESTRIAN AND PARK NETWORK
Factors Score
Street network is based on a grid system.
Short block lengths (long-side): < 400 feet
Distance from major uses to parks: < 5 minutes
Pedestrian system connects to civic, cultural, retail/ service destinations and other paths
Hierarchy of park types and sizes
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 38
7. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Factors Score
Use water conservation systems (meters, water re-use)
Solar access considered in site design
Protect, preserve and/or restore any on-site natural features i.e. wetlands, riparian corridors, watersheds, etc.
Buffers around on/off-site natural areas
Use local regional vegetation on site
Xeriscaping, drip water systems versus sprinkling
Establish recycling program with tenants
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 39
8. DIVERSITY
Factors Score
Variety of building types & styles
Locally-owned businesses included in a project
Wide-range in pricing structure of units that will be sold or leased: >=80% priced for 80-100% of median income
Variety of densities in both residential and commercial employment unit
Vary set-backs
Vary residential lot-sizes: > 15% of development for lots < 4500 sq-ft
Available civic facilities and amenities, such as daycare, teen/senior center, cultural facility, etc
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 40
9. RE-USE AND REDEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
Factors Score
Utility lines located along access roads
Building types and structures can adapt to different uses
Span dimensions can accommodate residential & office users: retail has depth < 75’
If phasing, provide for connections to future street
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 41
10. PROCESS COLLABORATION AND PREDICTABILITY OF DECISIONS
Factors Score
Pre-design meeting with neighbors and/or city staff
Participation in district/property owner association (parking, maintenance, etc)
Contact with city staff in all key agencies (parks,transportation, economic development)
Provide computer model of project
Identify community objectives in adopted plans that are met by proposed project
Total score
Week 3: 25 January 42
Week 3: 25 January 43
Projects
Objectives:• See, experience and describe some aspect of the
Built Environment of Spain that you choose• Personally meaningful• Create some evidence that what you describe exists
– Methods: look for examples of theories we have considered or Grounded theory
• Team experience (w/partner)• Build on and explicitly use our theoretical
(Alexander, Brand, etc.) framework
Week 3: 25 January 44
Projects
Methods: • Propose (next week, 1 Feb) your project to
experience and describe some aspect of the Built Environment of Spain– Subject – Research method to collect and interpret evidence that
what you describe exists• Observe and test or Grounded theory
– Structure to explicitly use our theoretical framework
• Adapt proposal to include content of future readings• Submissions: incremental (rest of quarter) + final (last
week)
Q3
1. Photo
2. Sketch
3. Formal symbolic model of the function, form and behaviors of your project. Brief description of relationships among functions, related forms, related behaviors
4. Comment on things you liked and did not like (Plus/Delta) about behaviors you identify in your symbolic model; comment on relationships to forms and functions.
5. Architectural critic review, in the manner of one we read, i.e., in about 500 words and with 1-2 photos, summarize your project. Include provocative commentary.
6. Personal vignette.
7. Theoretical interpretation based on your interpretations of the patterns of Alexander
8. Compare your project with one that has similar functions but that was done in another country or century,
9. Smart Scorecard assessment of your project that includes your (brief) assessment of the ten critical components described on p. 6 of the Flessig reading.
10. Field notes (brief transcript, initial coding and memos) that summarize interviews of at least two local residents.
11. Briefly propose your project to experience and describe some aspect of the Built Environment of Spain. Propose a research method, using Grounded Theory, to collect and interpret evidence that what you describe exists. Propose a structure to explicitly describe your project using our theoretical framework.
Week 3: 25 January 45