Open Annotation Model

Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard

W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/

Mass General Hospital Harvard Medical School

W3C Open Annotation Data Model:achieving interoperability

Paolo Ciccarese, PhDCo-chair of the W3C Open Annotation Community Group

Open Annotation Community Grouphttp://www.w3.org/communities/openannotation/



Acknowledgements

• Robert Sanderson (Co-chair), Herbert Van de Sompel and all the members of the W3C Open Annotation Community Group

• Annotation Ontology: Tim Clark, Marco Ocana, Leyla Garcia Castro, Bob Morris, Paul Morris, Phil Desenne, Stian Soiland-Reyes…

• Open Annotation Collaboration: Tim Cole, Neil Fraistat, Anna Gerber, Jane Hunter, Jim Smith, Jacob Jett…



Annotation is emerging as…

• A uniform, pervasive method for describing… bookmarking, integrating, connecting, sharing … a variety of (digital) resources

• A starting point and not only an end point• Valuable content.. sometimes even more

valuable than the annotated content• Important search/discovery mechanism



… we commonly use annotation

• We annotate prints, HTML and PDFs

• We bookmark/tag web pages…

• … and publications (citations/references)

• We comment on web pages, blogs, forums and emails

• youtube, vimeo, flickr slideshare, twitter…



Problem is…

• Most of applications make very hard to export and aggregate our own annotation

• Applications have a life span and they can disappear along with your annotation

• No application will cover all the annotation related use cases

• We need to enable applications developers and researchers



Solution: interoperability



W3C Open Annotation Community Group

http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/

71 participants from around the world 6th of 110 community groups

Join Us!




Interoperability starts from people

• OA started with the reconciliation of – Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC)– Annotation Ontology (AO)



Annotation Ontology (AO)

• OWL vocabulary for representing and sharing annotation of digital resources and their fragments in RDF format

• Focus on biomedicine and sciences. But desire to make the AO framework more broadly usable.

Ciccarese et al, 2011An open annotation ontology for science on web 3.0



Open Annotation Collaboration

• Focus on interoperability for annotations in order to allow sharing of annotations across:– Annotation clients;– Content collections;– Services that leverage annotations.

• Focus on annotation for scholarly purposes. But desire to make the OAC framework more broadly usable.

http://openannotation.org/



Open Annotation CG Mission

Interoperability between Annotation systems and platforms: …following the architecture of the Web …reusing existing Web standards …providing a single and coherent model …preserving the original ‘meaning’ …orthogonal to the domain of interest …without requiring adoption of specific platforms



What is annotation?An Annotation is considered to be a set of connected resources, typically including a body and target, where the body is related to (often about) the target.

Highlighting, BookmarkingCommenting, DescribingTagging, LinkingClassifying, IdentifyingQuestioning, ReplyingEditing, Moderating

Users Annotate To:

…Provide an Aide-Memoire…Share and Inform…Improve Discovery…Organize Resources…Interact with Others…Create as well as Consume



Basic Data Model

0..* 1..*



Example: bookmarking



Example: commenting



Multiple Targets



Provenance (maps to PROV)

PROV-O: W3C Proposed Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/



Further Specification of ResourcesSpecific Body and Specific Target resources identify the region of interest, and/or the state of the resource.

Need to be able to describe the state of the resource, the segment of interest, and potentially styling hints for how to render it.

We introduce:State Describes how to retrieve representationSelector Describes how to select segmentStyle Describes how to render/process segmentScope Describes context of the resource



Annotating text fragments



Text Quote Selectors



Fragment Selectors



SVG Selectors

SVG: W3C Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/



Media Fragments (and scope)

Media Fragments URI: W3C Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/



And more selectors



And more…

• support for tagging and semantic tagging• extending motivations• organizing bodies and targets collections• serialization in JSON-LD and other formats• support for RDF graphs• …

Join us and follow our mailing list:http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/




Support for tagging



Support for tagging



JSON-LD serialization{ "@context": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa-context-20130208.json", "@id": "http://www.example.org/annotations/anno1", "@type": "oa:Annotation”, "annotatedAt": "2012-11-10T09:08:07", "annotatedBy": { "@id": "http://www.example.org/people/person1", "@type": "foaf:Person", "mbox": { "@id": mailto:[email protected] }, "name": "Person One" }, "hasBody": { "@id": "urn:uuid:1d823e02-60a1-47ae-ae7f-a02f2ac348f8", "@type": ["cnt:ContentAsText", "dctypes:Text"], "chars": "This is part of our logo" }, "hasTarget": { "@id": "urn:uuid:cc2c8f08-3597-4d73-a529-1c5fed58268b", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSelector": { "@id": "urn:uuid:7978fa7b-3e03-47e2-89d8-fa39d1280765", "@type": "oa:FragmentSelector", "conformsTo": "http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/", "value": "xywh=10,10,5,5" }, "hasSource": { "@id": "http://www.example.org/images/logo.jpg", "@type": "dctypes:Image" } }}

mailto:[email protected]





New specifications (Feb 8, 2013)http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/



W3C Open Annotation Community Group


[email protected]


Documents

Open Annotation Model