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3rd of 3 part tutorial about the W3C Open Annotation data model, focusing on the multiplicity and publishing modules.
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West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 1 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Open Annotation Data Model: Multiplicity and Publishing Modules
Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory @azaroth42 Paolo Ciccarese [email protected] Harvard Medical School @paolociccarese (Community Group Co-Chairs)
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity
The Data Model allows for multiple bodies and multiple targets • Easiest: Multiple instances of hasBody, hasTarget • Issue: What are the semantics?
Multiples of hasBody/hasTarget: Treated individually Requirements:
• Choice: Only one resource needs to be displayed • Composite: All resources are required together, as a set • List: All resources are required together, with order
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 3 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity: Choice
Choice: Rendering agent should choose one resource to display oa:default: The default resource of the Annotation’s producer oa:item: Another possible resource
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 4 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity: Choice
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 5 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity: Composite
Composite: A set of resources, all of which are required to understand the Annotation correctly
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 6 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity: Composite
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 7 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity: List
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 8 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiplicity: List
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 9 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing Annotations
The Data Model is only a model, not a protocol: • Does not specify interactions between client/server • Does not limit additional descriptive features • Does not specify annotation search, retrieval or management
Some aspects related to publishing are important:
• Serialization of the model • Embedding resources
• Including other graphs • Equivalence of resources
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 10 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: JSON-LD Serialization
JSON-LD is the latest RDF serialization: http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld/ Open Annotation recommends its use over RDF/XML:
• Easier for developers • More web application friendly • Looks like JSON (with appropriate context)
• So special parser not required • Easy to generate without special libraries
RDF/XML and Turtle are also recommended, if content negotiation is supported.
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 11 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: JSON-LD Context
JSON-LD has a Context description which maps JSON object keys to RDF predicates, and assigns namespace prefixes:
{“@context”:{ “oa”: “http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#”, “cnt”: “http://www.w3.org/2011/content#”, “dc”: “http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”, … “hasBody”: {“@type”:”@id”, “@id”:”oa:hasBody”}, “hasTarget”: {“@type”:”@id”, “@id”:”oa:hasTarget”}, … “chars”: “cnt:chars”, “format”: “dc:format”, “when”: “oa:when” … } }
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 12 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: JSON-LD Example
Reuse of the Context definition makes simple annotations simple: { “@context”: “http://www.w3.org/ns/oa-context-20130208.json”, “@type”: “oa:Annotation”, “hasBody”: “http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgg2tpUVbXQ”, ”hasTarget”: ”http://zebu.uoregon.edu/hudf/hudf_300dpi.jpg” }
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 13 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: JSON-LD Example
And complex annotations still (somewhat) readable: { “@context”: “http://www.w3.org/ns/oa-context-20130208.json”, “@id”: “http://www.example.org/annotations/1.json”, “@type”: “oa:Annotation”, “annotatedAt”: “2012-11-10T09:08:07”, “annotatedBy”: { “@id” : “http://www.example.com/people/rsanderson”, “@type”: “foaf:Person”, “mbox”: “[email protected]”}, “hasBody”: “http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgg2tpUVbXQ”, …
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 14 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: JSON-LD Example (cont)
”hasTarget”: { ”@id”: ”urn:uuid:1d823e02-60a1-47ae-bc872081729c”, ”@type”: ”oa:SpecificResource”, ”hasSelector”: { ”@id”: ”urn:uuid:6e353e12-30c2-98a3-39ff2081729c”, ”@type”: ”oa:FragmentSelector”, ”conformsTo”: ”http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags”, ”value”: ”xywh=10,10,5,5” } ”hasSource”: { ”@id”: ”http://zebu.uoregon.edu/hudf/hudf_300dpi.jpg”, ”@type”: ”dcterms:Image” } }
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 15 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Embedding Resources
Resources other than the body can benefit from being embedded: • SVG Selector • CSS Style
Potentially other resources:
• When the resource is offline, and being sent along with the annotation to a publishing server
• For preservation • To include the exact representation, perhaps otherwise un-
obtainable
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 16 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Embedding Resources
The Content in RDF specification is reused:
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 17 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Embedding Resources
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 18 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Embedding RDF Graphs
It is useful to embed RDF graphs within the Annotation. Prefer to use Content in RDF approach, but if Trig/Trix is requested:
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 19 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Embedding RDF Graphs
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 20 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Equivalent Resources
Useful to know that Annotations (and other resources) have been duplicated between systems:
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 21 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Publishing: Equivalent Resources
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 22 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Extending Motivations
The Data Model defines only a few core Motivations Intent is for communities to extend as necessary:
1. Create a new ConceptScheme (vocabulary/taxonomy) 2. Create a new instance of oa:Motivation 3. Link new instance to at least one existing Motivation if possible 4. Assign labels and other information to describe its use
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 23 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Extending Motivations
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 24 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Extending Motivations
West Coast Open Annotation Rollout April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 25 Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Thank You
Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory @azaroth42 Paolo Ciccarese [email protected] Harvard Medical School @paolociccarese (Community Group Co-Chairs)
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ http://www.openannotation.org/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/hinkeb/5232293964/