NLLC 2011: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

LANL Proto Team: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas NLLC 2011, LANL, New Mexico, 6th October 2011

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Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

Robert Sanderson [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory

Herbert Van de Sompel [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory

With thanks to our collaborators: •  Benjamin Albritton, at Stanford •  Tim Cole, at UIUC •  Jane Hunter, at Queensland •  Michael L Nelson, at Old Dominion •  Many others!

This research is funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Library of Congress.


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Overview … for the Web

•  Memento •  Time Travel for the Web •  Uses

•  Open Annotation •  Interoperable Annotation for the Web •  Use Case: SharedCanvas

•  SharedCanvas •  Distributed Digital Facsimiles for the Web •  Uses


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Memento: Time Travel for the Web

Memento wants to make it Easy

to Navigate the Web of the Past

Website: http://www.mementoweb.org/


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Tate Online Today

Select Date March 16 2008

Tate Online March 16 2008

From UK National Archives

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Old Versions of Web Pages Exist …

http://www.cnn.com/ at 2001-09-11: From the Internet Archive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks at 2001-12-20: From the Wikipedia history


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… But are not Integrated with the Web

•  We note three issues:

•  Cannot talk about a resource as it used to exist

•  Cannot navigate to a prior version of a resource, knowing its current version

•  Cannot navigate to the current version of a resource, knowing a prior version


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Memento Framework

•  Memento:

•  Introduces a uniform version mechanism to the Web: Time

•  Does not build new archives, but leverages all existing ones

•  Is based on the Architecture of the World Wide Web: resources, representations and links


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Original Resources and Mementos


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TimeGate: A Bridge from the Present to the Past


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Memento Framework in Practice


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Memento Uses: Browsing with MementoFox

Get it from: http://bit.ly/memfox

Firefox 3.6+ 4000 downloads 400 daily users


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Memento Uses: Time Series Analysis

Historical data retrieved via Memento from DBPedia archive


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Memento Uses: Archiving Extent for Scholarship

•  72% in archives and/or still exist

•  High proportion of archived URLs, possibly due to academic level and general disciplines

•  78% in archives and/or still exist

•  45% still exist, but not archived! Possibly due to high value, but very discipline specific references

UNT

arXiv


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Web-Centric Annotation: No Persistence

Google Sidewiki Annotation on http://news.bbc.co.uk/ as of 2010-06-14

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Web-Centric Annotation: No Annotations

Archived page from: http://www.dracos.co.uk/work/bbc-news-archive/2010/03/08/07.05.html

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Web-Centric Annotation: Cross-Linking via Memento

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Scholarly Communication and Annotation

Scholarly Communication is increasingly: •  Online •  Open •  Distributed •  Collaborative •  Data-Oriented

Annotation is a scholarly primitive, spanning discipline and level. Need to ensure that Digital Annotations fall under these headings!

•  Apply the standards and architecture of the World Wide Web to the Annotation use case. •  Even if scholar doesn’t share annotations with others, she will want to access them from different tools and environments.


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Open Annotation

•  Website: http://www.openannotation.org/

•  Focus on interoperable sharing of annotations •  Web-centric and open, not locked down silos •  Create, consume and interact in different environments •  Build from a simple model for simple cases, to more detailed for complex scholarly annotation requirements

•  Status: Beta, with 9 ongoing funded experiments to inform 1.0


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Basic Model

The basic model has three resources: •  Annotation (an RDF document) •  Body (the ‘comment’ of the annotation) •  Target (the resource the Body is ‘about’)


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Basic Model Example


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Segments of Resources

Most annotations are about part of a resource

Different segments for different media types:

•  Text: paragraph, arbitrary span of words •  Image: rectangular or arbitrary shaped area •  Audio: start and end time points, track name/number •  Video: area and time points •  Other: slice of a data set, volume in a 3d object, …


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Constraints

•  Introduce a Constraint that describes the segment of interest •  And a ConstrainedTarget that identifies the segment of interest •  Constraints are resources, so can be expressive and detailed


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Constraint Example


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Annotation Protocols

Protocol: publish, subscribe, consume tied together

Unlike previous systems, Open Annotation does not mandate a protocol.

No reliance on a client/server combination gives the client autonomy.

Instead we promote a publish/subscribe methodology, where annotations may be stored and consumed from anywhere.


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Publish/Subscribe Method

publish

We don’t specify how this transfer should occur


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publish subscribe


Nor this.


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publish subscribe consume


Nor this.


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Open Annotation Usage: SharedCanvas

http://www.shared-canvas.org/

Digital surrogates for digitized documents: •  Initial use case: Medieval Manuscripts

A collaborative future: •  Rich landscape of interconnected

repositories, with seamless user interfaces

We need: •  Shared description to act as input to

shared viewing environments

BNF f.fr 113, folio 1 recto


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Naïve Approach: Transcribe Images Directly

Align multiple images, pages without images, fragments of pages… ?!


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Canvas Paradigm

A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display •  HTML5, SVG, PDF, … even Powerpoint! •  Can "paint" many different resources, including text, images and audio, on to a Canvas

We can use a Canvas to represent a page of a manuscript.

Distributed nature is fundamental in the requirements •  Idea: Use Annotations to paint resources and comments •  Annotations target the Canvas instead of the Images


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Canvas to Page Relationship

The Canvas's top left and bottom right corners correspond to the corners of the page


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Annotate Image to Canvas

We can paint the canvas by annotating it with resources.


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Annotate Text to Canvas Segment


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Annotate Choice of Image


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Annotate Many Texts


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SharedCanvas: Implementation


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Annotate Audio Resources


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SharedCanvas: Implementation


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SharedCanvas: Distributed Transcription …


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… of Lab Notebooks and Dissertations?


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Summary

SharedCanvas brings primary research objects to the desktop in a powerful, extensible and interoperable fashion

Memento wants to make it Easy to Navigate the Web of the Past

Open Annotation enables sharing Annotations between users, tools and environments.


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Thank You!

Me: Robert Sanderson [email protected] [email protected] @azaroth42

Memento: Web: http://www.mementoweb.org/

Open Annotation: Web: http://www.openannotation.org/

SharedCanvas: Web: http://www.shared-canvas.org/

These Slides: http://slidesha.re/…

Technology

NLLC 2011: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas