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OHSAS 18001
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Occupational Health And Safety Management SystemsOHSAS 18001:2007A Systematic Approach To People Health & Safety CareInAll Aspects OfBusiness
Brief HistoryISO 9001 / 2 / 3:1994 Quality Management Systems ISO 14001:1996 Environmental Management SystemsHS(G)65 Successful Health & Safety Management (HSE, UK)BS 8800:1996 Guide to OHSMS1996 ISO safety committee voted down an OHSMS ISO standardDutch Technical Report NPR 5001:1997 Guide To An OHSMS
Brief History (Continued)1997 Start Of National / Individual Organizational Standards For Auditing Against BS 8800: SGS & ISMOL ISA 2000:1997 Requirements For Safety & Health Management SystemsBVQI SAFETYCERT OHSMSDNV OHSMS:1997 Standard For Certification Of OHSMSIRELAND - DRAFT NSAI SR 320 Recommendation For An OHSMSDRAFT AS / NZ 4801 OHSMS Specification With Guidance For UseDRAFT BSI PAS 088 OHSMS UNE 81900 Series Of Pre-standards On The Prevention Of Occupational RisksDRAFT LRQA SMS 8800 Health & Safety Management Systems Assessment Criteria
Brief History (Continued)OHSAS 18001:1999 Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems Specification: WithdrawnOHSAS 18002:2000 Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems Guidelines For The Implementation Of OHSAS 18001International Labour Organization:2001, Guidelines on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OSH-MS)OHSAS 18001:2007 Occupational health and safety management systems Requirements: Aligned with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & ILO guidelinesNOTE: Compliance With OHSAS 18001:1999 Does Not Of Itself Confer Immunity From Legal Obligations
Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Associacion Espanola de Normalizacion y Certificacion (AENOR) Association of British Certification Bodies (ABCB) British Standards Institution (BSI) Bureau Veritas Comision Fedaral de Electricidad (CFE), (Gerencia de la seguridad industrial) Czech Accreditation Institute (CAI) Det Norske Veritas (DNV) DS Certification A/S EEF the manufacturers organisation
Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007 (Continued)ENLAR Compliance Services, Inc. Health and Safety Executive Hong Cong Quality Assurance Agency (HKQAA) Inspecta Certification Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) Instituto Argentino de Normalizacion y Certificacion (IRAM) Instituto Colombiano de Normas Tecnicas y Certificacion (ICONTEC) Instituto de Normas Tecnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO) Instituto Mexicano de Normalizacion y Certificacion (IMNC)
Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007 (Continued)Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Tecnicas (UNIT) ITS Consultants Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA) Japanese Standards Association (JSA) Korea Gas Safety Corporation (ISO Certificate Division) Lloyds Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) Management Systems Certification Limited National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) National University of Singapore (NUS) NPKF ELECTON
Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007 (Continued)NQA Quality Management Institute (QMI) SABS Commercial (Pty) Ltd. Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine (SNIMA) SGS United Kingdom Ltd SIRIM QAS International SPRING Singapore Standards Institute of Israel (SII) Standards New Zealand (SNZ) Sucofindo International Certification Services (SICS)
Organizations Involved In Developing OHSAS 18001:2007 (Continued)Swedish Industry Association (Sinf) TUV Rheinland Cert GmbH TUV Rheinland Group Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)
Occupational Health & SafetyConditions and factors that affect the health and safety of employees or other workers (including temporary workers and contracted personnel), visitors or any other person in the work place
Ill HealthIdentifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising from and / or made worse by a work activity and / or work-related situation
OH&S HazardWhat is OH&S Hazard?
OH&S HazardSource, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of:Human injury or ill health, orA combination of thesee.g.: Slippery conditions
Types Of HazardWhat are the different types of OH&S hazards?
Types Of HazardChemicalPhysicalBiologicalErgonomicPhysiologicalPsychological
Types Of Hazard (Contd)ChemicalExplosivesCorrosivesFlammable liquidsToxic chemicalsOxidizing materialsDangerous gases / vapoursDusts / fumes / smoke / aerosols / mists
Types Of Hazard (Contd) PhysicalNoise/ VibrationElectricalMechanicalTemperatureRadiation:IonizingNon-ionizingInfrared / Ultraviolet / Microwave / Laser
Types Of Hazard (Contd) BiologicalBacteriaFungiMouldsMitesInsectsPlantsViruses
Types Of Hazard (Contd) ErgonomicPhysiological factorsLiftingCumulative trauma disordersFatiguePsychological factorsMonotonyPersonal relationshipsWork rest cycles
IncidentWhat is an incident?
Incident (Contd)Work-related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (regardless of severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred
Note 1: An accident is an incident which has given rise to injury, ill health or fatality.Note 2: An incident where no injury, ill health, or fatality occurs may also be referred to as a near-miss, near-hit, close call or dangerous occurrence. Note 3: An emergency situation is a particular type of incident.e.g. Slipping of feet
RiskWhat is Risk?
Risk (Contd)Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)e.g.: High likelihood & high severity extreme risk
Acceptable risk Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy
SafetyConsider: People, Equipment, Material, EnvironmentFreedom from unacceptable risk or harmManaging risks:Avoid high risksManage medium risksLive with low risksTerminate, treat, tolerate, transferControlling accidental lossAnalyze loss causation chainAct on the lack of control
Loss Causation ChainLoss:Unintended Harm And / Or DamageIncident / Event:Crossing A Threshold LimitImmediate Causes:Substandard Acts / Practices; ConditionsBasic Causes:Personal Factors; System / Job FactorsLack Of Control:Inadequate System / Standards / Compliance
Accident RatioPossibilities: For every 1 major injury 10 minor injuries30 property damages600 near misses
Direct your efforts to many significant opportunities of near-misses to control accidental loss
Immediate Causes Substandard ConditionsInadequate guards / barriersInadequate PPEDefective tools / equipmentCongestionInadequate warning systemDisorderInadequate ventilationInadequate illumination
Immediate Causes (Contd) Substandard Acts / PracticesFailure to warnFailure to obey rulesFailure to follow proceduresRemoving safety devicesImproper liftingFailure to use PPEServicing operating equipmentHorseplay
Basic Causes System / Job FactorsInadequate leadershipInadequate engineeringInadequate purchasingInadequate tools / equipmentInadequate maintenanceWear & tearAbuse and misuse
Basic Causes (Contd) Personal FactorsInadequate capabilityLack of knowledgeLack of skillStressImproper motivation
Lack Of ControlInadequate systemInadequate system standardsInadequate compliance with standards
Management controllability Vs Operator controllability
OH&S Management SystemPart of an organizations management system used to develop and implement its OH&S policy and manage its OH&S risksNote 1: A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.Note 2: A management system includes:Organizational structurePlanning activities (including, for example, risk assessment and the setting of objectives)ResponsibilitiesPractices, procedures, processes and resources
Interested PartiesOH&SPerson or group, inside or outside the workplace, concerned with or affected by the OH&S performance of an organization:Employees, managementSuppliers and contractorsRegulatory authoritiesInsurersFinancial stake holders (banks, shareholders)CustomersMediaSociety at large
Why Have OHSMS?Low probability of lapses in legal complianceImproved productivity due to:Reduced stress, improved motivationReduced man-hours lostImproved employee involvementImproved public imageAvoidance of adverse publicityBetter response in emergency situations reduced lossImproved relations with regulatory bodiesReduced compensation lossesSustainable development
Shewart & Demings P-D-C-A Model
OH&S Management System Model
OH&S Requirements 4.1General requirementsEstablish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an OHSMS as per the requirements of OHSAS 18001:2007Define and document the scope of OHSMS
OH&S Requirements (Contd) 4.2OH&S PolicyAuthorized by top managementAppropriate to the nature and scale of OH&S risksIncludes commitment to prevention of injury and ill healthIncludes commitment to continual improvement in OH&S management and performanceIncludes commitment to at least comply with current applicable OH&S legislation and other requirementsProvides framework for setting and reviewing OH&S objectives
OH&S Requirements (Contd) 4.2OH&S Policy (Continued)Document, implement and maintainCommunication to all persons working under control of the organization for awareness of individual OH&S obligationsAvailability to interested partiesPeriodic review for relevance and appropriateness
Plan4.3Planning4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls4.3.2 Legal and other requirements4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s)
Risk Controls
EliminationSubstitutionEngineering controlsSignage / Warnings and / or administrative controlsPersonal Protective Equipment
OH&S LegislationFew ExamplesThe factories act, 1948State factory rules, 1950 / 1952Environmental (protection) act, 1986Manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemicals rules, 1989 / 1994 / 2000Hazardous wastes (management and handling) rules,1989 / 2000 / 2003The noise (regulation and control) rules, 2000
OH&S LegislationFew Examples (Continued)The petroleum act, 1934 & amendmentsPetroleum rules, 1976Explosives act, 1884 and amendmentsExplosives rules, 1983Gas cylinder rules, 1981The static and mobile pressure vessel rules, 1981Calcium carbide rules, 1950The Indian boiler act, 1950 and amendmentsMotor vehicles act, 1980 & rules
OH&S LegislationFew Examples (Continued)Indian electricity act, 1910Indian electricity rules, 1956Contract labour (regulation & abolition) act, 1970; and rules, 1971 Workmen compensation act, 1923
OH&S Objectives
Minimum to meet legal and other requirementsConsistent with OH&S policyAt relevant functions and levelsS: specificM: measurableA: achievableR: relevantT: time bound
OH&S Programme(s)
To achieve OH&S objectivesDesignation of responsibility and authorityThe means and time frame
Do4.4Implementation and operation4.4.1Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authorityManagement appointee4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness 4.4.3 Communication, participation and consultation4.4.4Documentation4.4.5Control of documents4.4.6Operational control4.4.7Emergency preparedness and response
Check4.5Checking4.5.1Performance measurement and monitoring4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance4.5.3Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective and preventive action4.5.3.1 Incident investigation4.5.3.2 Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action4.5.4Control of records 4.5.5Internal audit
Act4.6Management reviewTop management to review OHSMS at planned intervalsEnsure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectivenessAssess opportunities for improvement and need for changesMaintain records of management review
Act (Contd)4.6Management review (Contd)Review inputsResults of internal auditsResults of evaluation of compliance with OH&S legislation and other requirementsResults of participation and consultationCommunications from interested parties (Including complaints)OH&S performanceOH&S objectives achievementStatus of incident investigations, CA / PA
Act (Contd)4.6Management review (Contd)Review inputs (Contd)Follow-up actions from previous management reviewsChanging circumstances including OH&S legislation / other requirementsRecommendations for improvement
Act (Contd)4.6Management review (Contd)Review outputsConsistent with commitment to continual improvementDecisions and actions related to possible changes to:OH&S performanceOH&S policy and objectivesResourcesOther elements of OHSMS
Road MapEvaluate present status Understand need for OHSMSDevelop commitment Form core team
Road Map (Contd)Procure OHSAS 18001 & 2 Standards Arrange awareness training Prepare OHSMS documentation Conduct hazard identification and risk analysis
Road Map (Contd)Review OH&S legal and other requirementsEstablish OH&S policy, objectives and programme(s)Implement the established OHSMS
Road Map (Contd)Internal auditors trainingConduct periodic Internal audits and carry out preventive & corrective actionConduct management reviews and execute plans of actions
Road Map (Contd)Select certifying bodyInitial visit by certifying body Conduct corrective actions on observations by certifying body, internal audit and management review
Road Map (Contd)Certification audit (Valid for 3 years)Maintain and continually Improve the system, conduct internal audits & management reviewsPeriodic audits by certifying body
Road Map (Contd)Certification audit (Valid for 3 years)Maintain and continually Improve the system, conduct internal audits & management reviewsPeriodic audits by certifying body
What is required to obtain OHSAS 18001 certification?Positive & learning attitude Accept the changeTeam spiritLittle more effortMake OH&S The way of life
In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?Understand your role in your organizations OH&S policy & objectives and cooperate for effective implementation Understand and help documentation of OHSMS in your area and work accordingly
In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?...Seek for improvement In case of OH&S nonconformities, take prompt corrective and preventive actions in consultation with the authorities Carry out timely and neat record keeping (So that it will be of use for analysis, planning and improvement in future)
In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?...Take care of OH&S related monitoring and measuring devices, ensure timely calibration Ensure use of latest OHSMS documents and highlight any discrepancies Ensure timely monitoring and measurement as specified Ensure that OH&S is not compromised due to improper operation, handling, storage
In what way can I contribute towards obtaining OHSAS 18001 certification?...Participate whole-heartedly in emergency drillsUtilize your knowledge and information, get fully involved in activities related to you and always try to overcome obstaclesWork with team spirit, seek for mistake-proofing instead of blaming people