NUTRI Reviewer

7/28/2019 NUTRI Reviewer

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Fat-Soluble Vitamins Functions Deficiency Toxicity Sources

Vitamin A Retinol

1 ug Maintenance of vision in dim Growth of hair, nails, bones and

glands, and epithelium

Prevents infection

Night blindness Xerophthalmia Bitots Spots Retarded growth Toad skin (phrynederma)

Respiratory infection

Fetal malformation Alopecia (hair loss) Skin changes Bone pain

o Liver, dilis, tahongo Dairy products, Fish liver oilo Dark green and yellow-orange

fruits and vegetables (carrots,

squash, cantaloupe, sweet

potatoes)Vitamin D Calciferol

5 ug Calcium and phosphorus

absorption

Bone mineralization an Prevention of tetany

Rickets(children) Osteomalacia (adult) Hypocalcemia Osteoporosis

Growth retardation Kidney damage and

stones

Deposits to soft tissue Hypercalcemia

o Dairy productso Egg yolko Fish lilver oil

Vitamin E Tocopherol Antioxidant Prevents cell damage, RBCs RBC and nerve destruction(hemolysis) NONE o Vegetable oil, whole grainso Nuts and seeds

Vitamin K Menadione

- 120ug (Men)- 90ug (women)

Blood clotting Hemorrhage (newborn) Prolonged blood clotting

(adults)

Hemolytic anemia Kernicterus o Liver and milko Green leafy vegetables (broccoli

and cabbage)

Water-Soluble VitaminsVitamin B1 Thiamine Muscle nerve function

CHO metabolism Maintains good appetite

Early Stage- Loss of appetite

- Constipation secondary to

gastric atony

Later Stage- Beri-beri

-WET= edema on lower

extremities, CHF, ascites

- DRY= peripheral nerves are

in pins and needles.

- Paresthesia= toe and wrist

drop- Wernickes-korsokoff

Syndrome

NONE o Lean porko Organ meats (liver)o Whole grainso Legumes

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Essential for CHO, CHON, COOHmetabolism

Ariboflavinosis Cheilosis, glossitis Seborrheic dermatitis

When given byinjection

o Meat, fish, grainso Greenleafy vegetables

Vitamin B3 Niacin

- 14 mg (female)- 16 mg (male)

Co-enzyme in energy metabolism Pellagra-Dermatitis

- Diarrhea

- Death

- Dementia

Angular stomatitis

Vasodilation andliver damage

Hyper motility andacidity of stomach

Paralysis ofrespiratory system

o Fisho Meato Eggso Whole grain


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Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine

- 1.3-1.5 mg (males)- 1.3-1.7 mg (females)

Amino acid metabolism It catalyzes urea production Neurotransmitter synthesis Supplemented in anti-TB therapy

as drugs complete with absorption

of B6

Headache Anemia Convulsion HEADACHE Nausea Peripheral Neuritis

NERVEDESTRUCTION if

given 3 gms/kg

weight

o Pork, fish, poultryo Liver, kidneyo Whole graino Spinach, broccolio High-protein foods

Pathothenic acid

- from everywhere orfrom all sides

- Vitamin B5- 4-7 mg

Co-enzyme of energy metabolism Fatigue Headache Nausea and vomiting

Occasionally causesdiarrhea

o Liver

Vitamin C Ascorbic Acid

- also known as anti-

scorbutic vitamin

- 75mg (female)- 90 mg (male)

Required for absorption ANTIOXIDANT- prevents cell

damage; causes collagen

formation; affects health of teeth

and gums

Conversion of folic acid to folinicacid

Healing of wounds Resistance against infection Prevents hemorrhages Prevents MEGALOBLASTIC

ANEMIA

Scurvy Poor wound healing Weakness Impaired immune response Pinpoint hemorrhage-

petechial rashes

Bleeding gums

RARE- easilyexcreted

>2g/Kg of weight cancause diarrhea,

kidney stone

formation and GI

upsets

o Citrus foodso Kamatsileo Kasoyo Guavao Orangeo Silio Mustasao Repolyoo COOKED: malunggay, gabi

leaves, ampalaya leaves

Folic Acid

- Pteroylglutamic acid- Folate- Folacin- 400ug

Important in the synthesis of DNA,protein metabolism and formation

of hemoglobin

Neural tube defect Spina bifida Mental confusion Anencephaly Glossitis, heartbun

Masks Vit B12deficiency

Uremiao Livero Glandular organso Legumeso Cereals

Vtamin B 12 Cobalamin Folate metabolism Erythrocyte metabolism factor

(EMF) - prevents pernicious

anemia more appropriately called

microcytic hyper chromic

anemia

- NERVE FUNCTION bec. Itmaintains the myelin sheath

Pernicious Anemia Poor nerve function

NONE o

BIOTIN Co-enzyme in the synthesis of fattyacids and amino acids

Nausea, anorexia, pallor Depression, dermatitis Increase serum cholesterol

NOT DOCUMENTED o Liver, meat, milko Egg yolk, whole grain

Major Minerals

Calcium

Bone and teeth formation Blood coagulation Rickets Osteomalacia Renal caculi o Dairy products, kesong putio Green-leafy vegtables, broccol


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Nerve transmission Catalyst of biological reactions BP regulation

Hypocalcemia - tetany Osteoporosis Stunting

o Malunggay, saluyoto Kuhol, hipon, milko Talangka, sea weeds, Salmono Sardines w/ bones

Sulfur

- Water goes to wheresodium is

- Major cationextracellular

Co-factor of protein Energy metabolism NOT DOCUMENTED NOT DOCUMENTED All foods rich in protein

Sodium Maintain fluid balance Acid-base balance Nerve impulse transmission

Hyponatremia Vein collapse Hypotension, tachycardia Confusion (Lethargy)

Hypernatremia Edema, hypertension Excitability &

restleness

Carrots Spinach Celery

Chloride

- Major anion extracellular Acid-base balance (Na/K) Formation of gastric juice Muscle cramps Poor appetite

Poor growth in children Vomiting o Table salts

Phosphorus BONES AND TEETHFORMATION

Acid- base balance Component of coenzymes

HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA Weakness Demineralization of bone

HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA

DOWAGERS

HUMP depressed absorption

of calcium

Milk products Poultry, meat , eggs, nuts Legumes cheese

Potassium (KALIUM) -

major intracellular cation Maintains fluid and electrolyte

balance

Important for CHO and COOHmetabolism

Muscle and nerve function

HYPOKALE-MIA Muscle weakness Fatigue, confusion Cardiac irregularities Poor respiration

HYPERKALEMIA Cardiac arrest Nerve damage

o BANANAo FRUIT JUICEo Nuts, milko Legumes, PAPAYA

Magnesium Component of co-enzyme Cellular metabolism Muscular contraction Increase the stability of calcium in

tooth enamel

HYPOMAGNESEMIA Weakness Growth failure Confusion

HYPERMAG-NESEMIA

Hypotension Arrhythmia Decrease tendonreflex Coma, diarrhea Renal insufficiency

o Nuts, milk, meato Soybeans, cocoa, peaso Seafoodo Whole grainso Dried beanso Green- leafy vegetables

Trace Minerals

Iron

- The most abundant trace

element in the body.

*60-75%-hemoglobin

*5%- myoglobin

*25%- liver, spleen, bone

marrow (ferritin or

hemosiderin)*5%- enzymes

Carrier of oxygen needed forcellular respiration

Necessary for hemoglobinformation

Component of tissue enzymes*beta- carotene to Vit. A

*oxidation of glucose to energy

NUTRITIONAL ANEMIAOF MICROCYTIC TYPE

HEMORRHAGIC ANEMIA PERNICIOUS ANEMIA MALABSORPTION

ANEMIA

Pallor, dizziness Easily fatigue, insomniaLack of appetite

Hemosiderosis Hemochromatosis GI Upset

HEMEo PORK LIVER (14mg/100gm.)o Enriched riceo Seafoodso Red meato Egg yolko Legumeso Green- leafy vegetables


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Zinc Essential component of metallo-enzymes

Growth factor Making of sperm Acceleration of wound healing and

sense of taste

Production of insulin Immune defense Blood health

Growth failure Scaly dermatitis Reproductive failure Impaired immune function Taste and smell deficits

ACUTE

Nausea & vomiting DiarrheaCHRONIC Adversely affects

copper metabolism

Anemia Affects immune

function

o Meato Fisho Poultryo Whole grainso Cerealso breads

Selenium

*Selenium component of

plant depends on the

selenium level present in

the soil

Component of glutathioneperoxidase

Antioxidant properties Works with Vitamin E

NONE NONE - Organ and muscle meats- Dairy products- Whole grains- Garlic

Manganese Helps regulate bone and mineralstatuscofactor

Decrease growth rate of hair,bones and nails

Muscle control loss Confusion

Respiratory failure Arrhythmia Hypotension

o NUTSo WHOLE GRAINSo Green- leafy vegetables

Copper Works w/ iron and vitamin C Component of RBC -

erythromycin

HYPOCUPRE-MIAassociated with anemia,neutropenia, and leukopenia

MENKEs disease

HYPERCUPRE-MIA Wilsons disease

o Organ meatso Oysterso Whole grainso Nuts, cherries

Iodine Component of thyroid hormone-thyroxin

Enlarged thyroid Weight gain CRETINISM (infant) MYXEDEMA (adult)

THROTOXICOSIS- iodide goiter

o SEAFOODS and iodized salt

Molybdenum Integral part ofXanthine oxidase, Liver aldehyde

oxidase, and Sulfur oxidase

NONE GOUT likesymptoms

o Legumes, Lean meatso Milk products, Whole grainso Dark-green leafy vegetables

Cobalt Constituent of Vitamin B12 Normal functioning of all cells of

bone marrow, nervous and

gastrointestinal system

Pernicious anemia POLYCYTHEMIA Goitrogenic effect o Liver, kidneyo Oyster, clams

o Lean beefo Veal, poultry

Chromium Metabolism of complexcarbohydrates

Glucose intolerance Bronchial caner Corn oil, clams Whole grains, vegetables

Fluoride Reduces dental carries andminimizing bone loss

Dental fluorosis Crippling skeletalfluorosis

Water, coffee, ordinary tea Soybeans, seafoods

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