Name:  _______________________________________________  Per.:  ______  Date:  _____________________  Assignment  #:  ________  3.3  Notes:  The  Hydrosphere  and  Biosphere    The  Hydrosphere  

A. What  is  the  hydrosphere?    a. Includes  all  of  the  ____________________________________________________________________________________  b. Oceans,  lakes,  rivers,  wetlands,  polar  icecaps,  soil,  clouds,  and  more!  

 B. The  Water  Cycle    

a. Water  is  essential  for  life  on  earth  b. Water,  like  other  forms  of  matter,  is  continuously  cycled  through  earth  in  different  forms  

 c. Water  Cycle  =  Continuous  circulation  of  water  through  _________________________________________  

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________  d. Powered  by  energy  from  the  ____________  e. Involves  evaporation,  condensation,  precipitation,  and  transpiration  

     f. ____________________________  =  __________________________________________  due  to  __________________  

(often  by  the  ______________)  and  rises  into  the  atmosphere  g. ____________________________  =  ____________________________  changes  into  ____________________________  

droplets  due  to  changes  in  temperature  and  pressure    i. These  droplets  form  ________________,  in  which  the  droplets  collide,  stick  together,  and  create  larger,  heavier  droplets  

h. ____________________________  =  Water  droplets  fall  from  clouds  as  __________________________________  ________________________________________________________.      

C. Earth’s  Oceans  a. The  world  ocean  is  made  up  of  oceans  of  different  regions  (Atlantic,  Pacific,  Arctic,  

Southern,  Indian)  that  are  all  ____________________________________.        

i. Pacific  Ocean  =  _____________________________  

ii. Atlantic  iii. Indian  

iv. Southern  Ocean  

v. Arctic  =  _____________________________  and  contains  a  lot  of  __________________________________  

       D. Ocean  Water  

a. How  is  ocean  water  different  than  fresh  water?  b. Ocean  water  contains  more  ________________!    

i. Salts  come  from  dissolved  rocks  on  land  +  underwater  volcanic  eruptions  ii. Most  of  the  salt  is  ______________________  iii. Ocean  salinity  =  concentration  of  all  the  ______________________________________  it  contains  iv. Salinity  is  _________________  in  areas  with  lots  of  ____________________________________________  v. Salinity  is  _________________  in  areas  with  more  _________________________________  

E. Temperature  Zones  a. _________________________________:  Warmer  from  the  sun    b. ________________________________________________:  Very  cold  due  to  lack  of  sunlight  

 F. Temperature  Regulation  

a. The  ocean  _____________________________________________________________  by  absorbing  and  storing  energy  from  sunlight    

b. Water  absorbs  and  releases  heat  more  slowly  than  land  does    c. Without  water,  our  temperatures  would  be  too  extreme  

G.  Ocean  Currents  a. _____________________________________  =  stream-­‐like  movements  of  water  that  occur  at  or  near  

the  surface  of  the  ocean    i. Driven  by  wind  

   b. Surface  currents  may  be  _______________  currents  or  ______________  currents,  which  do  not  mix  

with  each  other    

i. These  can  affect  regional  climates  c. Deep  currents  =  _____________________________________________________________________________________  

i. Cold,  dense  water  from  the  poles  sinks  below  

H. Fresh  water  a. Contains  insignificant  amount  of  __________________  b. Makes  up  ______________________  of  Earth’s  water    c. Found  in  icecaps,  glaciers,  lakes,  rivers,  wetlands,  soil,  underground  rock  layers,  and  the  

atmosphere  I. Ground  water  

 a. ___________________________________  =  When  rain  and  melting  snow  trickles  through  the  ground  

and  collects  underground    

b. Used  for  _________________________________________________________________________  

c. <1%  of  all  of  Earth’s  water  

The  Biosphere  

A. Biosphere    

a. Biosphere  =  __________________________________________________________________________________________  

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________  

b.  Includes  the  uppermost  part  of  the  geosphere,  most  of  the  hydrosphere,  and  the  lower  

atmosphere    

c. Most  life  requires  liquid  water,  moderate  temperatures,  and  a  source  of  energy  

B. Energy  Flow  in  the  Biosphere    

a. Matter  must  be  constantly  cycled    

i. Ex.  When  organisms  die,  they  decompose,  and  nutrients  are  recycled    

b. Energy  must  be  ________________________________________  

i. The  _________________  provides  a  constant  source  of  energy  

c. __________________________  turn  sunlight  into  ___________________________________________  

d. Animals  must  eat  those  plants  to  obtain  this  energy