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Section 3.3. Addition Rule. Section 3.3 Objectives. Determine if two events are mutually exclusive. Use the Addition Rule to find the probability of two events. A. B. Mutually Exclusive Events. Mutually exclusive Two events A and B cannot occur at the same time. A. B. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 3.3Section 3.3Addition Rule
Larson/Farber 4th ed 1
Section 3.3 ObjectivesSection 3.3 Objectives
Determine if two events are mutually exclusive
Use the Addition Rule to find the probability of two events
Larson/Farber 4th ed2
Mutually Exclusive EventsMutually Exclusive Events
Mutually exclusiveTwo events A and B cannot occur at the same time
Larson/Farber 4th ed 3
AB A B
A and B are mutually exclusive
A and B are not mutually exclusive
Example: Mutually Exclusive Example: Mutually Exclusive EventsEvents
Decide if the events are mutually exclusive.Event A: Roll a 3 on a die.Event B: Roll a 4 on a die.
Larson/Farber 4th ed 4
Solution:Mutually exclusive (The first event has one outcome, a 3. The second event also has one outcome, a 4. These outcomes cannot occur at the same time.)
Example: Mutually Exclusive Example: Mutually Exclusive EventsEvents
Decide if the events are mutually exclusive.Event A: Randomly select a male student.Event B: Randomly select a nursing major.
Larson/Farber 4th ed 5
Solution:Not mutually exclusive (The student can be a male nursing major.)
The Addition RuleThe Addition RuleAddition rule for the probability of A or B
The probability that events A or B will occur is◦P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
For mutually exclusive events A and B, the rule can be simplified to◦P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)◦Can be extended to any number of
mutually exclusive events
Larson/Farber 4th ed 6
Example: Using the Example: Using the Addition Rule Addition Rule
You select a card from a standard deck. Find the probability that the card is a 4 or an ace.
Larson/Farber 4th ed 7
Solution:The events are mutually exclusive (if the card is a 4, it cannot be an ace)
(4 ) (4) ( )
4 4
52 528
0.15452
P or ace P P ace
4♣4♥
4♦4♠
A♣A♥
A♦A♠
44 other cards
Deck of 52 Cards
Example: Using the Example: Using the Addition Rule Addition Rule
You roll a die. Find the probability of rolling a number less than 3 or rolling an odd number.
Larson/Farber 4th ed 8
Solution:The events are not mutually exclusive (1 is an outcome of both events)
Odd
53 1
2
4 6
Less than three
Roll a Die
Solution: Using the Solution: Using the Addition Rule Addition Rule
Larson/Farber 4th ed 9
( 3 )
( 3) ( ) ( 3 )
2 3 1 40.667
6 6 6 6
P less than or odd
P less than P odd P less than and odd
Odd
53 1
2
4 6
Less than three
Roll a Die
Example: Using the Example: Using the Addition RuleAddition Rule
The frequency distribution shows the volume of sales (in dollars) and the number of months a sales representative reached each sales level during the past three years. If this sales pattern continues, what is the probability that the sales representative will sell between $75,000 and $124,999 next month?
Larson/Farber 4th ed 10
Sales volume ($)
Months
0–24,999 3
25,000–49,999
5
50,000–74,999
6
75,000–99,999
7
100,000–124,999
9
125,000–149,999
2
150,000–174,999
3
175,000–199,999
1
Solution: Using the Solution: Using the Addition RuleAddition Rule
A = monthly sales between $75,000 and $99,999
B = monthly sales between $100,000 and $124,999
A and B are mutually exclusive
Larson/Farber 4th ed 11
Sales volume ($)
Months
0–24,999 3
25,000–49,999
5
50,000–74,999
6
75,000–99,999
7
100,000–124,999
9
125,000–149,999
2
150,000–174,999
3
175,000–199,999
1
( ) ( ) ( )
7 9
36 3616
0.44436
P A or B P A P B
Example: Using the Example: Using the Addition RuleAddition Rule
A blood bank catalogs the types of blood given by donors during the last five days. A donor is selected at random. Find the probability the donor has type O or type A blood.
Larson/Farber 4th ed 12
Type O Type A Type B Type AB
Total
Rh-Positive
156 139 37 12 344
Rh-Negative
28 25 8 4 65
Total 184 164 45 16 409
Solution: Using the Solution: Using the Addition RuleAddition Rule
Larson/Farber 4th ed 13
The events are mutually exclusive (a donor cannot have type O blood and type A blood)Type O Type A Type B Type
ABTotal
Rh-Positive 156 139 37 12 344
Rh-Negative
28 25 8 4 65
Total 184 164 45 16 409( ) ( ) ( )
184 164
409 409348
0.851409
P type O or type A P type O P type A
Example: Using the Example: Using the Addition RuleAddition Rule
Find the probability the donor has type B or is Rh-negative.
Larson/Farber 4th ed 14
Solution:
The events are not mutually exclusive (a donor can have type B blood and be Rh-negative)
Type O Type A Type B Type AB
Total
Rh-Positive 156 139 37 12 344
Rh-Negative
28 25 8 4 65
Total 184 164 45 16 409
Solution: Using the Solution: Using the Addition RuleAddition Rule
Larson/Farber 4th ed 15
Type O Type A Type B Type AB
Total
Rh-Positive 156 139 37 12 344
Rh-Negative
28 25 8 4 65
Total 184 164 45 16 409( )
( ) ( ) ( )
45 65 8 1020.249
409 409 409 409
P type B or Rh neg
P type B P Rh neg P type B and Rh neg
SECTION 3.3 SECTION 3.3 SUMMARYSUMMARY
Determined if two events are mutually exclusive
Used the Addition Rule to find the probability of two events
Larson/Farber 4th ed16
