Name:___________________________________________________Per.:_______Date:__________________Assignment#:______EnvironmentalScience15.2CropsandSoilA

Introduction

A. Cananypieceoflandbeusedtogrowcrops?

B. Only____________________ofEarth’slandcanbeusedtogrowcrops

C. Asurbanareascontinuetogrowandoccupyspace,agriculturallandbecomes

__________________________________andfooddemand__________________________________

Agriculture:TraditionalandModern

A. Basicfarmingprocesses:plowing,fertilization,irrigation,andpestcontrol

B. Traditionalagriculture:

a. Farmersorlivestock______________________________________tohelpmixandloosensoil

b. Organicfertilizers(__________________________________)areusedtoenrichsoil

c. Waterirrigationvia__________________________________

d. __________________________________mustberemoved

C. ModernPractices/IndustrialCountries:

a. ____________________________________________________________________plowsoilandharvestcrop

b. ___________________________________________________fertilizersareused

c. Overheadsprinklersor___________________________________________________systemsused

FertileSoil:TheLivingEarth

A. ________________________isformedwhen____________________________________________________________________

intosmallerfragmentsthroughwind,water,andchemicalweathering

B. ___________________________________________=soilthatcansupportthegrowthofhealthyplants

C. __________________________________=thesurfacelayerofsoil=

_____________________________________________________________________________________

a. Topsoilistypicallyricherin________________________________________,andshouldcontainliving

organisms,rocks,water,air,anddeadorganisms

b. ____________________________________________liveinsoilandhelp__________________________________

deadplantsandorganicdebrisàthisaddsmorenutrientstothesoil

SoilErosion:AGlobalProblem

A. Erosion=____________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

a. Erosioncancausetopsoilloss,makingtheland__________________________________

B. Manyfarmingmethods__________________________________therateofsoilerosion

LandDegradation

A. Landbecomes__________________________________whenhumanactivityornaturalprocessesdamage

thelandanditcan_____________________________________________________________________________________

B. ___________________________________________________=whenarelativelydrylandregionbecomes

increasinglyaridanddesert-like

a. DesertificationisespeciallyanissueintheSahelregionofnorthernAfricadueto____________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SoilConservation

A. Soilmustbeprotectedandmanagedtoreduceerosion

B. Soil-retaining_______________________________helppreventdownhillerosion

C. _______________________________________________orvegetationstripsarealsousedtopreventsoilerosion

D. ________________________________________________helpreduceerosioncausedbywaterwashingawaysoil

E. No-tillfarming=___________________________________________________

a. Helpsreducesoilerosion,butnoteffectiveforallcrops

EnrichingtheSoil

A. Traditionalfarming:addingorganicmatter,suchas_____________________________andleaves,canadd

nutrientstothesoil

B. _________________________________________________arenowusedtoaddnutrients

C. Compost=___________________________________________________organicmaterial

a. Compostcanbeusedtoenrichsoil

Salinization

A. Salinization=the____________________________________________________________________insoil

B. Inregionswithlowrainfall,suchasCalifornia,salinizationisaproblemàhighsaltcontentinsoil

can_____________________________________________________________________________________

Section2FormativeAssessmentp.394

1.

TraditionalFarmingMethods ModernFarmingMethods

2.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________