Mso-io 2011 045c Conversie Schema Radboud Tbv Website Def

RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN

Conversion of Grades

at Radboud University Nijmegen

IO-MSO October 2011

Conversion Scheme Grades for outgoing exchange, October 2011, version 1.5

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Table of contents 0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 5

1. CONVERSION SCHEME ........................................................................... 6

EXPLANATION OF THE INFORMATION AND THE TABLES .............................................. 6 EXPLANATION OF THE CONVERSION PROCEDURE ..................................................... 6

2. CONVERSION TABLES ............................................................................ 7

Argentina ...................................................................................................... 8 Australia ....................................................................................................... 9 Austria ........................................................................................................ 10 Belgium ...................................................................................................... 11 Brazil .......................................................................................................... 13 Canada ....................................................................................................... 14 Chili ............................................................................................................ 15 China (incl Hongkong) ................................................................................ 16 Czech Republic ........................................................................................... 18 Denmark ..................................................................................................... 19 Estonia ........................................................................................................ 20 Finland ....................................................................................................... 21 France ......................................................................................................... 23 Germany ..................................................................................................... 25 Greece ........................................................................................................ 28 Hungary ...................................................................................................... 29 Indonesia .................................................................................................... 30 Ireland ........................................................................................................ 31 Italy ............................................................................................................ 33 Japan .......................................................................................................... 35 Kazhakstan ................................................................................................. 36 Lithuania ..................................................................................................... 37 Mexico ........................................................................................................ 38 New Zealand ............................................................................................... 39 Norway ....................................................................................................... 40 Peru ............................................................................................................ 41 Poland ........................................................................................................ 42 Portugal ...................................................................................................... 43


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Singapore ................................................................................................... 44 Slovenia ...................................................................................................... 45 South Africa ................................................................................................ 46 South Korea ................................................................................................ 47 Spain .......................................................................................................... 48 Sweden ....................................................................................................... 50 Switzerland ................................................................................................. 52 Taiwan ........................................................................................................ 53 Thailand ..................................................................................................... 55 Turkey ........................................................................................................ 56 United Kingdom .......................................................................................... 58 USA ............................................................................................................. 60


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0. Introduction Conversion of international grades How should grades obtained at universities abroad be converted to Dutch grades? What is the Dutch equivalent of an ‘A’ obtained at Harvard, or of a ‘27’ at the University of Siena? What does it mean to have an Indonesian ‘B+’ or a Lithuanian ‘labai gerai’? To aid such conversion, the Executive Board has created a document called Conversion of Grades at Radboud University Nijmegen. This document gives an overview of most of the countries and international universities that Radboud University collaborates with, and provides an overview of the grading systems used there. It serves as a useful guideline for converting grades obtained abroad, also called the ‘out–in’ conversion. This guideline can be used by examining boards, for instance, who want to evaluate an international grade to determine whether a student is eligible for the title ‘cum laude’. Students can also use it to evaluate their international grades on the basis of the Dutch grading system. Please be aware that this document is a guideline; the examining boards of Radboud University therefore remain responsible for all decisions concerning grades. Not on the diploma supplement The conversion document does not solve all conversion issues. Grading systems differ greatly from country to country, and may even differ between universities within a country. It is important that every grade can be traced back to the university where it was obtained. This information must never be lost. For this reason, the Executive Board has decided that grades obtained abroad will not be ‘translated’ on the diploma supplement. Instead, the diploma supplement will state the original grades – as well as the name of the university or universities where they were obtained. Conversion of grades obtained in Nijmegen The other question is: how should Radboud University grades be converted abroad? A tool is available for international universities and employers for this ‘in–out’ conversion. This tool is a frequency table that indicates how often the various grades are given at Radboud University. Every diploma supplement will include this frequency table. Click here for the Radboud University Nijmegen frequency table for the 2011/12 academic year.


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1. Conversion Scheme Explanation of the information and the tables

For each country we have tried to indicate: • The structure of the higher education system, i.e. the degrees of the different

university levels (first stage, second stage, third stage), including the length of the programmes.

• A description of the grading system, including the highest and lowest possible results and the minimum result to pass an exam.

• A conversion scheme, indicating how the foreign grade should be converted into a Dutch grade.

• A list of partner universities has been added. • For each country we have used the same lay-out, in order to simplify the

comparison. Explanation of the conversion procedure

• In the conversion procedure we started with the highest possible foreign grade and the pass/fail level. These have been converted in the corresponding Dutch grades, 10/9 and 6 respectively. In-between grades have been scaled out to a linear scale.

• Adaptations to this procedure have been made wherever deemed necessary. This occurred mainly when the resulting Dutch grades were judged too high.

• The workgroup has decided that when a specification, Letter symbol, Point value and/or Percentage, is missing, the lowest Dutch grade -within the range of the awarded grade - will be awarded. For example Brazil (p.13): if an A (superior superior) has been awarded without further specification, like A+, A, A-, the workgroup decided to convert to 9.0 and not to 9.5 or 10.

• In certain cases, we have added personal experiences with specific universities.

Disclaimer • This document serves as a guideline for converting grades obtained abroad by

students of Radboud University Nijmegen. As a guideline, it is not binding. The examining boards of Radboud University Nijmegen remain responsible for all decisions concerning grades, e.g. pass or fail and the title ‘cum laude’.

• This document will be adapted periodically based on requests by examining boards in order to be as accurate as possible.


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2. Conversion tables


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Argentina Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Licenciatura, Professional Title; 4 to 6 years. • University level second stage: Especialización, Maestría:1 to 2 years • University level third stage: Doctorado Description of grading system • 10 Sobresaliente; 9 Muy Bueno; 7-8 Distinguido; 5-6 Bueno; 4-4.9 Aprobado; 2-3

Insuficiente; 0-1 Reprobado • Highest on scale: 10 • Pass/fail level: 4 • Lowest on scale: 0 Argentina conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Sobresaliente A 10 10 Muy bueno A- 9 9.0 Distinguido B+ 8 8.0 Distinguido B 7 7.5 Bueno B- 6 7.0 Bueno C+ 5 6.5 Aprobado C 4 6.0 Insuficiente D 2-3 Onvoldoende Reprobado F 0-1 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Universidad de Buenos Aires • Universidad del Salvador


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Australia Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Undergraduate Studies

Leads to the Bachelor's Degree. Undergraduate studies last between three years (Arts, Science, Commerce), four years (Education, Engineering), five years (Veterinary Science, Dentistry, Architecture) and five or six years (Medicine and Surgery) full-time.

• University level second stage: Postgraduate Studies Master degrees typically require two years following a three-year Bachelor degree and one or two years following an Honours or four-year Bachelor degree and are normally by coursework and project/research work or by research and thesis.

• University level third stage: Doctorate The holder of a four-year Bachelor degree with Honours at a sufficiently high level, or a Master degree may proceed to a Doctoral programme. The most common Doctoral programme in Australia is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Description of grading system • For undergraduate degree subjects and postgraduate coursework degree

subjects there are generally five grades: High Distinction (HD), Distinction (D), Credit (C), Pass (P) and Fail (F). Grading scales vary between institutions.

• Highest on scale: High Distinction (HD) 80-100% • Pass/fail level: Pass (P) 50-60% • Lowest on scale: Fail (F) Below 50% Australia conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

High Distinction HD 98-100 10 High Distinction HD 93-97 9.5 High Distinction HD 88-92 9.0 High Distinction HD 83-87 8.5 Distinction D 78-82 8.0 Distinction D 73-77 7.5 Credit C 68-72 7.0 Credit C 63-67 6.5 Pass P 50-62 6.0

Partner universities: • University of Sydney • University of Brisbane. • University of Queensland. • University of Perth • University of Melbourne


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Austria Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Bachelor: • University level second stage: Master: 1-2 years • University level third stage: Doktoratstudien: 4-8 semesters Description of grading system • Grades 1-5:

1. sehr gut/excellent 2. gut/good 3. befriedigend/satisfactory 4. genügend/sufficient 5. nicht genügend/failure

• Highest on scale: 1 • Pass/fail level: 4 • Lowest on scale: 5 Austria conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade

Sehr gut 1 10 1.5 9.0 Gut 2 8.0 2.5 7.5 Befriedigend 3 7.0 3.5 6.5 Genügend 4 6.0 Nicht Genügend 5 Onvoldoende Partner universities • Karl-Franzens Universität Graz • Medizinische Universität Innsbruck • Johannes-Kepler-Universität Linz • Katholisch-Theologische Privatuniversität Linz • Universität Wien • Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien • Medizinische Universität Wien


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Belgium Structure of higher education • University first level stage (bachelor) = 3 years • University second level (master) = 1 or 2 years Description of grading system • Percentage

Met voldoening: satisfactory (60%) Met onderscheiding: distinction (70%) Met grote onderscheiding: high distinction (80%) Met grootste onderscheiding: highest distinction (90%) Highest on scale: met grootste onderscheiding Pass/fail level: met voldoening

• Point value Highest on scale: 20 Pass/fail level: 12 Lowest on scale: 11

Belgium conversion scheme Grade Point

value Percentage Katholieke

Universiteit Leuven

Dutch Grade Information

Excellent 20 90-100% 20 10 Uitmuntend 19 9.5 18 19 9 Outstanding 17 80-89% 18 8.5 Zeer goed 16 17 8 Good 15 16/15 7.5 14 70-79% 14 7 Goed Satisfactory 13 60-69% 13/12 6.5 Voldoende 12 11/10 6 Fail 11 0-9 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende Remarks: • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven uses its own grading system, as indicated in the scheme • University of Antwerp considers 11 to be a pass so in that case 11 ≈ 6.


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Partner universities • Universiteit Antwerpen • Hogeschool Antwerpen • Lessius Hogeschool • Vrije Universiteit Brussel • Facultés Universitaires St-Louis • Université Libre de Bruxelles • Haute Ecole de Bruxelles - Institut Supérieur de Traducteurs et Interprètes • Institut Catholique des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (ICHEC) • Universiteit Hasselt • Universiteit Gent • Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven • Université de Liège • Université Catholique de Louvain • Université de Mons • Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur


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Brazil Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Bacharelado Licenciatura: 4-6 years (HBO-opleiding) • University level second stage: Mestrado: minimum 1 year • University level third stage: Doutorado: 3-4 year Description of grading system • Different grading systems are used. Generally, a 0-10 grading system is used for

course and research work. Some degrees require a final exam, such as in Medicine, Engineering and Law.

• Point scale 0-10 9-10: superior superior 7-8: media superior 5-6: media media 3-4: media inferior 1-2: inferior inferior 0: sin rendimento

• Highest on scale: 10 • Pass/fail level: 5 • Lowest on scale: 0 Brazil conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Superior superior A+ 10 10 Superior superior A 9.5-10 9.5 Superior superior A- 9.5 (9.6) 9.0 Superior superior B+ 9.0 (8.8) 8.5 Media superior B 8.5 8.0 Media superior B- 8.0 8.0 Media superior C+ 7.5 7.5 Media superior C 7.0 7.0 Media media C- 6.5 6.5 Media media D+ 6.0 6.0 Media media D 5.5 6.0 Media media D- 5.0 6.0 Fail < 5.0 Onvoldoende

Partner universities: • Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro • Universidade de Sao Paulo • Universidade Estadual Paulista • Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Sao Paulo - PUC/SP


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Canada Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree: 3-4 years • University level second stage: Master's Degree: 1-2 years • University level third stage: Doctorate: minimum 3 years Description of grading system • The "most common scales" are: A (80-100%, or 75-100%), B (70-80%), C (60-

70%) to F (below 50%) • Highest on scale: A • Pass/fail level: D (50-59%) • Lowest on scale: F (Below 50%) Canada conversion scheme *) Letter symbol Dutch Grade Information

A++ 10 No equivalent A++ 9.5 No equivalent A+ 9 A+ 8.5 A / A- 8.0 A /A- 7.5 A- /B+ 7.0 B+ / B 6.5 B / B- /C 6.0 D 6.0 F Onvoldoende *) Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl) Partner universities • University of Ottawa • University of Guelph • University of Vancouver • University of Toronto • University of Montreal

http://www.nuffic.nl/


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Chili Structure of higher education University level second stage: Licenciatura, Professional title: 4 – 7 years (bachelor) University level third stage: Magister: 2 years University level fourth stage: Doctorado: 3-5 years Description of grading system • Point value: 1-7

6-7: very good 5-5.9: good 4-4.9: average 1-3.9: fail

• Highest on scale: 7 • Pass/fail level: 4 • Lowest on scale: 1 Chili conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade

Very good 7 10 Very good 6.7-6.9 9.5 Very good 6.3-6.6 9.0 Very good 6.0-6.2 8.5 Good 5.6-5.9 8.0 Good 5.3-5.5 7.5 Good 4.9-5.2 7.0 Average 4.6-4.8 6.5 Average 4.2-4.5 6.0 Average 4.0-4.1 6.0 Fail 1.0-3.9 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Universidad de Concepción • Universidad Catolica Silva Henriquez • Universidad Academia Humanismo Cristiano


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China (incl Hongkong) Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Undergraduate education: 4 years • University level second stage: Postgraduate education: 2-3 years • University level third stage: Doctoral post graduate education: 3-4 years Description of grading system • Percentage scale • Pass/fail level: 60

Other main grading system: pass or fail basis. A,B,C,D: pass; F: fail China conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol

(Bejing/ Shanghai) Percentage (Bejing/Shanghai)

Dutch Grade

Excellent A

98-100 10 Excellent 93-97 9.5 Excellent 90-92 9 Good

B 88-89 8.5

Good 83-87 8 Good 80-82 8 Fair

C 78-79 7.5

Fair 73-77 7 Fair 70-72 6.5 Pass

D 68-69 6.0

Pass 63-66 6 Pass 60-62 6


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Hongkong conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Dutch Grade

Excellent A+ 10 Excellent A 9.5 Excellent A- 9 Good B+ 8.5 Good B 8 Good B- 8 Fair C+ 7.5 Fair C 7 Fair C- 6.5 Pass D+ 6.0 Pass D 6 Pass D- 6

Partner universities • Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences • Peking University • Tsinghua University • Chinese Academy of Sciences • Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Aquatic Ecosystems • Shanghai Normal University • Renmin University of China


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Czech Republic Structure of higher education • University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years • University second level (master): 1 to 3 years • If there is no bachelor or master system: 4 to 6 years Description of grading system • Point scale 1-4

1-výborně (excellent) 2-velmi dobře (very good) 3-dobře (good) 4-nevyhověl (unsatisfactory/fail)

• Highest on scale: 1 • Pass/fail level: 3 • Lowest on scale: 4 Czech Republic conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A 1 >90% 10 Outstanding B 1.5 9 Good C 2 75%-90% 8 Satisfactory D 2.5 7 Acceptable E 3 60%-75% 6


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Denmark Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Bachelorgrad (B.A or B.Sc): 3 years • University level second stage: Kandidatgrad/Candidatus (cand.+ field of study, in

English: usually MA or MSc + field), Magistergrad (Mag.Art.): 2 years • University level third stage: PhD grad: 3 years Description of grading system • Point scale 00-12

12: outstanding 10: excellent 7: good 4: fair 02: adequate 00: inadequate

• Highest on scale: 12 • Pass/fail level: 02 • Lowest on scale: 00 Denmark conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade

Outstanding 12 10 Excellent 10 9 Good 7 8 Fair 4 7 Adequate 02 6 Inadequate 00 Onvoldoende Remark:The system in Denmark has been revised in 2007/2008. Therefore it has to be taken into account that there exist lists of grades of previous years. Partner universities • Aalborg Universitet • Aarhus Universitet • Handelshøjskolen i Århus • Ingeniorhojskloen i Arhus (IHA) • Københavns Universitet • Handelshøjskolen I København • Syddansk Universitet • Roskilde Universitetscenter


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Estonia Structure of higher education • The nominal length of the first stage (Bakalaureus level study) is generally three

years (120 AP) , in certain disciplines it is four years (160 AP). • The nominal length of the second stage is one to two years (40-80 APs) but

along with the first stage at least five years (200 AP). • Universiteit ≈ 4-5 years Description of grading system • A six- point scale is used:

5 or A (excellent) 4 or B (very good) 3 or C (good) 2 or D (satisfactory) 1 or E (insufficient) 0 or F (insufficient).

• Highest on scale: 5 or A • Pass/fail level: 1 or E • Lowest on scale: 0 or F Estonia conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A 5 91-100% 10 Very Good B 4 81-90% 9 Good C 3 71-80% 8 Fair D 2 61-70% 7 Passed E 1 51-60% 6 Fail FX and F 0 0-50% Onvoldoende Partner universities • Sisekaitseakadeemia • Tartu Ülikool


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Finland Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Universities: kandidaatti/kandidat (first cycle)

First-cycle university degrees consist of at least 180 credits (3 years of full-time study).

• University level second stage: Universities: maisteri/magister (second cycle) The second-cycle university degree consists of at least 120 credits (two years of full-time study).

• University level third stage: Universities: lisensiaati/licenciat; tohtori/doktor (third cycle): 4 years

Description of grading system • At some institutions a six-point scale is used; or a percentage scale: 40-100

5 or A (excellent) 4 or B (very good) 3 or C (good) 2 or D (satisfactory) 1 or E (sufficient) 0 or F (insufficient).

• Highest on scale: 5 or A or 100 • Pass/fail level: 1 or E or 40 • Lowest on scale: 0 or F or below 40 Finland conversion scheme Grade Letter

symbol Point value (Turku)

Point value (other)

Point value (other)

Percentage (Helsinki)

Dutch Grade

Excellent A/K/HP 5 3 ET 94-100 10 86-93 9.5 Very good B 4 2.5 (2+) HT+ 78-85 9.0 70-77 8.5 Good C/H 3 2 HT 64-69 8.0 61-63 7.5 Satisfactory D/T 2 1.5 (1+) TT 54-60 7.0 47-53 6.5 Sufficient E 1 1 40-46 6.0 Insufficient F 0 < 40 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Helsinki University of Technology • University of Helsinki • University of Joensuu • Jyväskylän Yliopisto • Oulun Yliopisto • Lapin Yliopisto • University of Tampere


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• Tampere University of Technology • University of Turku


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France Structure of higher education • University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years (undergraduate) • University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate) Description of grading system • Point scale 0-20:

16-20 Très Bien 14-16 Bien 12-14 Assez-Bien 10-12 Passable

• Highest on scale: 20 • Pass/fail level: 10 • Lowest on scale: 0 France conversion scheme Grade Letter

symbol Point value Dutch Grade Informatie

Tres bien A 20 10 Uitstekend A 19-19.99 9.5 A 18-18.99 9 Zeer goed A 17-17.99 9 A 16-16.99 8.5 Bien B 15-15.99 8 Goed B 14-14.99 7.5 Assez bien C 13-13.99 7 Ruim

voldoende C 12-12.99 7 Passable D 11-11.99 6.5 Voldoende E 10-10.99 6 Ajourné F 9 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende 8 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende


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Partner universities • Université d'Angers • Université Catholique de l'Ouest • Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse • Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III • Université de Bourgogne • Groupe Ecole Supérieure de Commerce Dijon Bourgogne • Université Stendhal - Grenoble III • Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Grenoble • Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III • Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I • Université Jean Moulin (Lyon III) • Emlyon Business School • Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I • Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Aix-en-Provence • Université de Montpellier I • Université des Sciences et Techn. du Languedoc, Montpellier II • Université Paul Valery • Université de Nancy I • Université de Nice • Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3 • Université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV) • Université René Descartes (Paris V) • Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI) • Université de Paris VII Denis Diderot • Université de Paris-Nanterre (Paris X) • Univserité de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre-La Défense • Université de Paris Val de Marne, Créteil (Paris XII) • Université de Paris-Nord (Paris XIII) • Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris • Institut Catholique de Paris • Institut Supérieur des Biotechnologies de Paris • Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) • Université de Perpignan • Université de Poitiers • Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne • Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Rennes • Université de Rouen Haute-Normandie • Université de Strasbourg • Université Toulouse I Capitole • Université de Toulouse II - Le Mirail • Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III • Université François Rabelais (Tours)


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Germany Description of grading system • Point scale 1-5:

1. sehr gut/excellent 2. gut/good 3. befriedigend/satisfactory 4. genügend/sufficient 5. nicht genügend/failure Intermediate values possible

• Percentages scales also used • Bestanden = voldoende; Nicht bestanden = onvoldoende • Highest on scale: 1 • Pass/fail level: 4 • Lowest on scale: 5


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Germany conversion scheme Grade Point value

in % Point value Dutch Grade

Sehr gut 100 1 10 98-99 1.1 10 96-97 1.2 9.5 94-95 1.3 9.5 92-93 1.4 9.5

Gut 90-91 1.5 9 88-89 1.6 9 86-87 1.7 9 84-85 1.8 9 82-83 1.9 8.5 80-81 2.0 8.5 79 2.1 8.5 78 2.2 8.5 77 2.3 8 76 2.4 8

Befriedigend 75 2.5 8 74 2.6 8 73 2.7 7.5 72 2.8 7.5 71 2.9 7.5 70 3.0 7.5

Satisfactory (‘average performance’)

68-69 3.1 7 66-67 3.2 7 64-65 3.3 7 62-63 3.4 6.5

Genugend/ Sufficient 60-61 3.5 6.5 58-59 3.6 6.5 56-57 3.7 6.5 54-55 3.8 6 52-53 3.9 6 50-51 4.0 6 Nicht genugend 0-49 4.1-6.0 Onvoldoende


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Partner universities • Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen • Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg • Universität Bayreuth • Freie Universität Berlin • Technische Universität Berlin • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin • Universität Bielefeld • Ruhr Universität Bochum • Hochschule Bremen • Technische Universität Chemnitz-Zwickau • Technische Universität Darmstadt • Technische Universität Dortmund • Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf • Heinrich-Heine-Universität • Katholische Universität Eichstätt • Friederich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen • Universität Duisburg-Essen • Universität Flensburg • Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau • Universität Hamburg • Leibniz Universität Hannover • Medizinische Hochschule Hannover • Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg • European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) • SRH Hochschule Heidelberg • Universität Hildesheim • Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena • Christians-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel • Universität zu Köln • Universität Konstanz • Universität Leipzig • Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz • Universität Mannheim • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München • Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster • Universität Osnabrück • Universität Paderborn • Universität Potsdam • Universität Regensburg • Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken • Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen • Fachhochschule Worms • Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg • Bayerische Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg • Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz • Hamburg Hochschule


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Greece Description of grading system • Point value 0 – 10 • Highest on scale: 10 • Pass/fail level: 5 • Lowest on scale: 0 Greece conversion scheme Point value Dutch Grade

10 10 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 8.5 8.5 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.0 6.0 < 5.0 Onvoldoende Partner universities • Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistimio Athinon, Athina • Ikonomiko Panepistimio Athinon, Athine • Charokopeio Panepistimio • Pantion Panepistimio Kinonikon ke Politikon Epistimon • Dimokritio Panepistimio Thrakis, Komotini • Panepistimio Kritis • Aristoteleio Panepistimio Thessalonikis


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Hungary Structure of higher education • Hungary has a dual system with colleges and universities, but colleges exists as

faculties within the universities and some universities give collegelevel subjects. All universities use the EC system since 2003 and since 2006 the programmes have been classified according to the bachelor-master system. The grading system is nationally recognized.

• Universiteit ≈ 4-5 years (undergraduate, maar soms ook master genoemd) Description of grading system • Point scale 5-1

5: jeles / kiválóan megfelelt (excellent) 4: jó (good) 3: közepes / megfelelt (fair) 2: elégséges (satisfactory) 1: elégtelen/ nem felelt meg (fail)

• Highest on scale: 5 • Pass/fail level: 2/1 • Lowest on scale: 1 Hungary conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Excellent A 5 of A1 A2

10 9

Good B 4 8.0 Satisfactory C 3 7.0 Acceptable/pass D 2 6 Unacceptable/fail E 1 Onvoldoende Partner universities • Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem • Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem • Pázmány Peter Katolikus Egyetem • Kozep-Europai Egyetem • Debreceni Egyetem • Pécsi Tudományegyetem


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Indonesia Main credit system used by higher education institutions A credit system is used. It is essential to see the academic transcript in addition to the degree certificate. • Akademi (Diploma) 120 credits • Politeknik (Diploma) 120 credits • Sekolah Tinggi 144-160 credits • Institut 144-160 credits • Universities

S1 144-160 credits S2 180-194 credits S3 230 credits

Indonesia conversion scheme Grade Letter

symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Pass A 4.0 10 Pass A- 3.7 9 Pass B+ 3.3 8.5 Pass B 3 8 Pass B- 2.7 7 Pass C+ 2.3 6.5 Pass C 2.0 6 Fail C- 1.7 Onvoldoende Fail D 1.0 Onvoldoende Fail E 0 Onvoldoende Partner universities • Universitas Padjadjaran • Universitas Katolik Parahyangan • Universitas Indonesia • Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya • Universitas Kristen Indonesia • Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata • Universitas Diponegoro • Universitas Gadjah Mada • Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana


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Ireland Structure of higher education • University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years (undergraduate) • University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate) Description of grading system • Letter symbol and percentage scales

A: excellent/outstanding B: above average C: average D: below average E: fail *)

• Highest on scale: A • Pass/fail level: D/E • Lowest on scale: F Ireland conversion scheme Grade Letter

symbol UCD Percentage

UC Dublin Dutch Grade Information

Excellent A A+ 76.67%-100.00%

10

A A 73.33%-76.66%

9.5

A- 70.00%-73.32%

9

Very Good B B+ 66.67%-69.99%

9

B B 63.33%-66.66%

8.5

B B- 60.00%-63.33%

8.0

Good C C+ 56.67%-59.99%

7.5

C C 53.33%-56.66%

7

Satisfactory D C- 50.00%-53.33%

7

D D+ 46.67%-49.99%

6.5

Sufficient E D/ D- 40.00%-46.67%

6

Fail F E+/ E/ E-

30.00%-39.99%

Onvoldoende E- scores: with compensation possibly Voldoende

F F+/ F/ F-

20.00%-29.99%

Onvoldoende


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*) Remark The grading scale in Ireland goes from A until F. The letters are also divided in three parts. This is not the same for each Irish university. In contradiction with the EC grading system an E at an Irish university is a Fail, but with compensation it can become a Sufficient. Partner universities • University College Dublin • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School • Dublin Institute of Technology • University College Cork • National University of Ireland


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Italy Structure of higher education • Laurea = bachelor = 3 years (180 EC) • Laurea Specilistica = master = 2 years (120 EC) • Corsi di Specializzazione di 1º livello = master = 2 to 3 years (120 – 180 EC) • Corsi di Master Universitario di 1º livello = master = 1 year (60 EC) Description of grading system • For Laurea: 0-110 (66 as min. passing grade) + con lode/cum laude. • For examinations during the degree: 0-30 with 18 as the pass mark. • For specialist diploma, the most common scale is: 0-70, 42 being the qualifying

grade. • AFAM institutions use the same grading scale as universities: 0-110 ( 66 as

minimum passing grade) + code lode/cum laude, to assess performance in the final degree examinations; 0-30 with 18 as the passing grade to assess individual subject exams during the degree course.

Italy conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Excellent A 30 e lode 10 30 9.0 Very Good B 29 8.5 28 8.0 Good C 27 8.0 26 7.5 25 7.5 24 7.0 Satisfactory D 23 7.0 22 6.5 21 6.0 Sufficient E 20 6.0 19 6.0 18 6.0 Fail F < 18 Onvoldoende


34

Partner universities • Università degli studi di Bergamo • Università di Bologna • Università degli studi di Camerino • Universitá Carlo Cattaneo (LIUC) • Università degli studi di Ferrara • Università degli studi di Firenze • Università degli studi di Genova • Università degli studi di Macerata • Università degli studi di Milano • Politecnico di Milano • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano • Università di Milano "II Bicocca" • Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia • Università degli studi di Padova "Il Bo" • Università degli studi di Palermo • Università degli studi di Parma • Università degli studi di Pavia • Università degli studi di Perugia • Sapienza Università di Roma • LUISS, Libera Università Internazionale di Studi Sociali Roma • Università degli studi Roma Tre • Università degli studi di Sassari • Università degli studi di Siena • Università degli studi di Torino • Università degli studi di Trento • Università degli studi di Trieste • Università degli studi di Udine • Università degli studi di Venezia • Università degli studi di Verona


35

Japan Description of main grading systems • A variety of grading systems is used, but the most common is the percentage

scale with 60 per cent as the pass mark. A=80-100% B=70-79% C=60-69% F= (fail)0-59%

• Highest on scale: 100% • Pass/fail level: 60% • Lowest on scale: 0%

Other main grading systems Marking: yu (excellent), ryou (good), ka (pass), huka (fail). Japan conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

Yu A 100 10 Yu A 95-99 9.5 Yu A 90-94 9.0 Yu A 85-89 8.5 Yu A 80-84 8.0 Ryou B 75-79 7.5 Ryou B 70-74 7.0 Ka C 65-69 6.5 Ka C 60-64 6.0 Huka F 0-59 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Kansai Gadai University • Kwansei Gakuin University • Rikkyo University


36

Kazhakstan Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Diploma of Specialist, Bachelor

A Diploma of Specialist or Diploma of Specialized Higher Education in a particular field of study is generally awarded at the end of a five-year course (former system). Bachelor's Degrees are now also conferred after four years studies.

• University level second stage: Aspirantura, Master Full-time postgraduate studies (Aspirantura) leading to the qualification of Candidate of Sciences (Kandidat Nauk) normally last for three years. The submission of a thesis is required. Master's Degrees are also conferred after a further two years study beyond the Bachelor's Degree.

• University level third stage: PhD, Doctorate (Doktoratura) In the new system, a PhD is conferred after two to three years further study beyond the Master's Degree. The Doctor of Sciences (Doktor Nauk) is awarded after the Kandidat Nauk after completion of a thesis based on original research.

Description of main grading system • Point scale 1 – 5

5: excellent 4: good 3: satisfactory 2: unsatisfactory 1: totally unsatisfactory

• Highest on scale: 5 • Pass/fail level: 3/2 • Lowest on scale: 1

Other main grading systems In 1999-2000, most higher education establishments adopted the percentage rating system. Highest rating: 100%-90%; Pass/fail level: 90%-60% / 60%-40%. Kazachstan conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade

Excellent 5 9.0 Good 4 8.0 Satisfactory 3 6.0 Unsatisfactory 2 Onvoldoende


37

Lithuania Structure of higher education University-level studies are organized in three cycles: first cycle (undergraduate); second cycle (graduate); and third cycle (post-graduate). The national credit system is based on an average of 1600 working hours per academic year, one credit corresponding to 40 hours or one week of work. University first level stage (bachelor): University undergraduate (first cycle) studies (universitetinés pagrindinés (pirmosios pakopos) studijos): 4 to 5.5 years (140 to 180 national credits). Description of grading system • Point scale: 1-10

10 (puikiai): excellent 9 (labai gerai): very good 8 (gerai): good 7 (pakankamai): highly satisfactory 6 (patenkinamai): satisfactory 5 (silpnai): sufficient 4-1: insufficient

• Pass/fail level: 5/4 • Lowest on scale: 1

Other main grading systems Alongside the 10 point system, institutions may use the pass/fail system. Examinations and work defence evaluations, as a rule, are graded. For the courses that do not end with an examination, the pass system is used to test if students have earned the credits allocated to it. Students succeed when they prove they have assimilated not less than 50% of the required knowledge. Lithuania conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade Information

puikiai 10 10 excellent labai gerai 9 9 very good gerai 8 8.0 good pakankamai 7 7.5 highly

satisfactory patenkinamai 6 7 satisfactory silpnai 5 6 sufficient 4 Onvoldoende insufficient Partner universities • Kauno technologijos universitetas • Mykolo Romerio Universitetas


38

Mexico Description of grading system • Point scale 10-5

10: excelente (excellent) 9: muy bien (very good) 8: bien (good) 7: suficiente (pass) 5: reprobado/no suficiente (fail)

• Highest on scale: 10 • Pass/fail level: 7 • Lowest on scale: 0 Mexico conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade

10 98-100 10 94-98 9.5 9.0 90-93 9.0 87-89 8.5 84-86 8.0 8.0 81-83 7.5 77-80 7.0 74-76 6.5 7.0 70-73 6.0 < 7.0 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Universidad de Guanajato • Universidad de las Américas


39

New Zealand Description of grading system • In general the higher education institutions use a scale of 9 passing grades: A+,

A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, and 2 failing grades: D, E. • Highest on scale: A+ • Pass/fail level: C • Lowest on scale: E New Zealand conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A+ Set by individual school 10 Excellent A Set by individual school 9.0 Excellent A- Set by individual school 8.5 Good B+ 70-74% 8.0 Good B 65-69% 7.5 Good B- 60-64% 7.0 Satisfactory C+ 55-59% 6.5 Satisfactory C 50-54% 6.0 Fail D/F 40-49% Onvoldoende

Partner universities • University of Otago • University of Auckland


40

Norway Description of grading system • A common system based on the ECTS system (A-F) has been introduced. • Highest on scale: A • Pass/fail level: E • Lowest on scale: F Norway conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Dutch Grade

excellent A 10 very good B 9 Good C 8 satisfactory D 7 sufficent E 6 Fail F Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Universitet i Bergen • Universitetet i Agder • Universitetet i Oslo • University of Trondheim • Instituut NIFES, Bergen


41

Peru Description of grading system • Point value: 0-20 • Highest on scale: 20 • Pass/fail level: 11 • Lowest on scale: 0 Peru conversion scheme Point value Dutch Grade

20 10 19 9,5 18 9 17 8,5 16 8 15 7,5 14 7 13 6,5 11 6 <11 Onvoldoende Partner universities: • Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú


42

Poland Description of grading system • Point scale: 5 – 2

5. very good 4. good 3. satisfactory 2. unsatisfactory

• Highest on scale: 5 (very good) • Pass/fail level: 3 (satisfactory) • Lowest on scale: 2 (unsatisfactory) Other main grading systems For non-final exams, the marks '+' and '-' are often added to the principal grade. In some schools, the grade 6 (excellent) exists. Poland conversion scheme Grade Point

value Dutch Grade

excellent 5,5 10 5 9.0 very good 4,5 8.5 good 4 8 satisfactory 3,5 7 sufficent 3 6 fail 2 Onvoldoende Partner universities • Uniwersytet w Bialymstoku • Akademia Polonijna • Uniwersytet Slaski • Uniwersytet Jagiellonski • Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza • Krakowska akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego • Uniwersytet Lódzki • Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi • Uniwersytet Marii Curie - Sklodowskiej • Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II • Uniwersytet Im. Adama Mickiewicza • Uniwersytet Ekonomiczna • Uniwersytet Warszawski • Szkola Glówna Handlowa • Szkola Wyzsza Psychologii Spolecznej • Uniwersytet Wroclawski • Jagiellonski in Krakau


43

Portugal Structure of higher education Bachelor = Licenciado (4 to 5 years) Master = Mester (2 years), at least a grade of 14 Description of grading system • The result achieved in a subject, whether through continuous assessment or in

an examination is generally expressed in a scale from 0 to 20. • Highest on scale: 20 • Lowest on scale: 0 EC grades (A-F) are given based on percentage of successful students normally achieving the grade (like the American based grading). Portugal conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Muito bom com distincao e louvor Excellent 20 10 Muito bom com distincao Very Good 19 9.5 18 9 Bom com distincao Good 17 8.5 16 8.0 Bom Satisfactory 15 7.5 14 7.5 Suficiente Sufficient 13 7 12 7 11 6.5 10 6 Mediocre/reprovado Fail 7-9 Onvoldoende Mau/Reprovado Fail 0-6 Onvoldoende Partner universities • Universidade de Aveiro • Universidade do Minho • Universidade de Coimbra • Universidade Católica Portuguesa • Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Centro Regional das Beiras - Viseu • Universidade de Lisboa • Universidade Nova de Lisboa • Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias • Universidade do Porto • Universidade Fernando Pessoa


44

Singapore Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree (Pass or Pass with Merit or

Honours): 3 to 5 yrs. Bachelor degrees in Law require four years.

• University level second stage: Master's Degree: 1 to 3 yrs The Master's degree is obtained after one to three years of postgraduate study. Candidates for a Master's by research must hold a good Honours degree and submit a thesis. The minimum entry qualification for a Master's by course work and dissertation is a Bachelor's degree or its equivalent, although requirements vary from course to course.

Description of main grading systems • For Polytechnics

Distinction: for the top 5% A: excellent: 80-100% B: very good: 70-79% C: good: 60-69% D: pass: 50-59% E: subsidiary pass

• For ITE A: excellent: 80-100% B: very good: 70-79% C: good:60-69% D: pass: 50-59% E: subsidiary pass

Singapore conversion scheme Grade Letter

symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

Distinction A+ 95-100% 10 Excellent A 90-94% 9.5 A- 80-89% 9.0 Very good B+ 75-79% 8.5 B 70-74% 8.0 Good C+ 65-69% 7.5 C 60-64% 7.0 Pass D+ 55-59% 6.5 D 50-54% 6.0 Fail F Onvoldoende


45

Slovenia Description of grading system • Point value 10-1

10: excellent 9: very good 8: very good 7 good 6: sufficient 5-1: insufficient

• Highest on scale: 10 • Pass/fail level: 6/5 • Lowest on scale: 1 Slovenia conversion scheme Grade Point value Dutch Grade

distinction / excellent 10 10 very good 9 9 good 8 8 fair 7 7 pass 6 6 fail 5.0 or lower Onvoldoende Partner universities • Univerza na Primorskem Universita del Litorale • Univerza v Ljubljani • ISH (Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis) • Univerza v Mariboru


46

South Africa Description of main grading system • Percentage system

1st class (75-100%) 2nd class division 1 (70-74) 2nd class division 2 (60-69) 3rd class (50-59) fail (below 50)

• Highest on scale: 1st class • Pass/fail level: 3rd class • Lowest on scale: F Other grading systems Other universities only distinguish between Distinction (75-100%) and Pass (50-74%). South Africa conversion scheme Percentage (Cape Town)

Percentage (Stellenbosch)

Dutch Grade

90-100 95-100 10 80-89 90-94 9.5 75-79 85-89 9.0 70-74 80-84 8.5 67-69 74-79 8.0 63-66 70-73 7.5 60-62 64-69 7.0 57-59 58-63 6.5 50-56 50-57 6.0 Partner universities • University of the Free State, Bloemfontein • University of Limpopo • Noordwes-universiteit • University of Pretoria • University of South Africa • Universiteit Stellenbosch • University of Kwazulu-Natal • University of Cape Town


47

South Korea Description of grading system • Letter symbols A-D:

A indicates distinguished levels of mastery of the course B indicates good mastery C indicates acceptable mastery D indicates minimum acceptable achievement.

• A student's grade point average is determined by the ratio of quality points earned in semester hours. A = 4 points; B = 3 points; C = 2 points; and D = 1 point

• Highest on scale: A • Pass/fail level: D • Lowest on scale: D South Korea conversion scheme Grade

Grade GPA Dutch Grade

A+ A 4.3 10 A 4.0 9,5 A- 3.7 9 B+ B 3.3 8,5 B 3.0 8 B- 2.7 8 C+ C 2.3 7,5 C 2.0 7 C- 1.7 7 D+ D 1.3 6,5 D 1.0 6 D- 0.7 6


48

Spain Description of grading system • Point value 10-5

10: matrícula de honor 9-9.9: sobresaliente 7-8.9: notable 5-6.9: aprobado below 5: suspenso

• Highest on scale: 10 matrícula de honor • Pass/fail level: 5 aprobado • Lowest on scale: 4-0 suspenso Other main grading systems For theses: no apto; aprobado; notable; sobresaliente; 'cum laude' Spain conversion scheme Grade Point

value (a) Point value (b)

Point value (c)

Point value (d)

Letter symbol (e)

Dutch Grade

Matrícula de honor 10 10+ 4 10

A 10

Sobresaliente (honor) 10 9,5

9,5

Sobresaliente 9,5 9 9 Sobresaliente 9 9-10 3 8,5 B 8,5 Notable 8,5 8 8 Notable 8 7-8.9 2 7,5 C 7,5 Notable 7,5 7 7 Notable 7 7 6,5 Aprobado 6,5 6,5 6,5 Aprobado 6 5-6.9 1 6 D&E 6 Aprobado 5,5 6 6 Aprobado 5 6 6 Suspendo 0-4.9 0 F Onvoldoende


49

Partner universities (a) • Autónoma Barcelona • Pontifica Comillas (b) • Carlos III de Madrid • Universidad de Zaragoza (c) • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); (d) • Universidad Pública de Navarra (e) Other Partner universities • Universidad de Alicante • Universidad de Almería • Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres • Universitat de Barcelona • Universidad Pompeu Fabra Barcelona • Universitat Abat Oliba • Universidad de Deusto • Universidad de Cádiz • Universidad Jaume I de Castellon • Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha • Universidad de Córdoba • Universidad de Granada • Universidad de Huelva • Universitat de Lleida • Universidad Autónoma de Madrid • Universidad Europea de Madrid • Universidad de Málaga • Universidad de Murcia • Universitat de les Illes Balears • Universidad de Sevilla • Universidad Pablo de Olavide • Universitat de Valencia (Estudio General) • Universidad Politécnica de Valencia • Universidad de Valladolid


50

Sweden Structure of higher education • University first level stage (bachelor): 3 year (undergraduate) - kandidatexamen • University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate) - magisterexamen met

änmesdjup Description of grading system • Symbol system

Väl Godkänd (distinction) Godkänd (pass) Underkänd (fail)

• Highest on scale: VG Väl Godkänd (distinction) • Pass/fail level: G Godkänd (pass) • Lowest on scale: U Underkänd (fail) Sweden conversion scheme; General/Lund Grade Letter

symbol Dutch Grade Information Law

system

Väl Godkänd

VG 10 Only in combination with distinction

AB

VG+ 9.0 VG 8.0 Godkänd G+ 7.5 G 7.0 pass BA G- 6.0 Underkänd U Onvoldoende fail B Sweden conversion scheme; Uppsala/ ECsystem Grade Letter

symbol Dutch Grade

Excellent A 10 Very good B 9.0 Good C 8.0 Satisfactory D 7.0 Sufficient E 6.0 Fail F <5.0


51

Partner universities • Göteborgs Universitet • Södertörns Högskola • Blekinge Tekniska Högskola • Lunds Universitet • Stockholms Universitet • Karolinska Institutet • University of Umeå • Uppsala Universitet • Linnaeus University


52

Switzerland Description of main grading system • There are three numerical grading systems used by Universities: a 1-6 scale, a 6-

1 scale (sometimes a 5-1 scale), and the 10-point scale. • Highest on scale: 6/1/10 • Pass/fail level: 4/3(3)/6 (pass mark); 2(1)/6(5)/2 (fail mark) • Lowest on scale: 1/6(5)/1

Other main grading systems The grading system for PhD and Doctorate is: genügend/passable/rite (pass); ziemlich gut/assez bien/cum laude; gut/bien/magna cum laude; sehr gut/très bien/insigni cum laude; ausgezeichnet/excellent; summa cum laude. Switzerland conversion scheme for the 6-1 scale Point value Dutch Grade

6 10 5,5 - 6 9 5 - 5,5 8 4,5 - 5 7 4 - 4,5 6

< 4 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Universität Bern • Université de Fribourg • Université de Genève • Université de Lausanne • Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) • Universität Zürich • Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich


53

Taiwan Structure of higher education • University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree

Admission to the first stage is based on the results obtained in the Universities and Colleges Joint Entrance Examination. Most Bachelor's Degree courses last for four years. The exceptions are Medicine (seven years), Dentistry (six years), Veterinary Medicine (five years). A total of 128 credits are required for a Bachelor's Degree. At the Open University, Bachelor's courses last seven to eight years.

• University level second stage: Master's Degree Further specialization leads to Master's Degrees which normally require two years study following upon a Bachelor's Degree.

• University level third stage: Specialization and individual research, Doctorate The third stage leads to the highest university degree, the Doctorate, which requires a minimum of a further two years study.

Description of grading system • A percentage grading system is in use at all levels. 70% is the minimum pass

mark in postgraduate courses and 60% in undergraduate courses. • Highest on scale: A 80-100% • Pass/fail level: B 70-79%; C 60-69% • Lowest on scale: D 50-59% Taiwan conversion scheme for postgraduate courses Grade Percentage Dutch Grade

A 100 10 A 95-99 9.5 A 90-94 9.0 A 85-89 8.5 A 80-84 8.0 B 75-79 7.0 B 70-74 6.0 C 60-69 Onvoldoende


54

Taiwan conversion scheme for undergraduate courses Grade Percentage Dutch Grade

A 100 10 A 95-99 9.5 A 90-94 9.0 A 85-89 8.5 A 80-84 8.0 B 75-79 7.5 B 70-74 7.0 C 65-69 6.5 C 60-69 6.0 D 50-59 Onvoldoende Partner universities • National Chiao Tung University


55

Thailand Description of grading system • Grading at all universities is based on credit points system. Evaluation for each

subject is done by grade and grade points for the course's credit hours as follows: A = Excellent (GP = 4) B+ = Very Good (GP = 3.5) B = Good (GP = 3) C+ = Fairly Good (GP = 2.5) C = Fair (GP = 2) D+ = Poor (GP = 1.50) D = Very Poor (GP = 1) F = Fail (GP = 0).

• Highest on scale: 4 • Lowest on scale: 1 Thailand conversion scheme Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Excellent A 4.00 10 Very good B+ 3.50 9 Good B 3.00 8,0 Fairly good C+ 2.50 7,5 Fair C 2.00 7 Poor D+ 1.50 6 Very poor D 1.00 6 Fail F 0.00 Onvoldoende


56

Turkey Structure of higher education • Bachelor = Lisans Diplomasi (4 years) • Master = Yüksek Lisans Diplomasi (1.5 to 2 years) Description of grading systems • Turkish universities use different grading systems:

o 0-10 (in which ≥ 5 = pass) o 0-20 (in which ≥ 10 = pass) o 0-100 ((in which ≥ 50 = pass)

• Some universities use letter symbols (A-F) or doubled letter symbols (AA-FF) Turkey conversion scheme Grade Letter

symbol Bilkent Koc Sabanci Dutch Grade

Excellent A A A A 10 A A- A- A- 9.5 B B+ B+ B+ 9 Very Good B B B B 9 B B- B- B- 8.5 Good C C+ C+ C+ 8 C C C C 7.5 C C- C- C- 7 Satisfactory D D+ D+ D+ 7 D D 6.5 Sufficient E D- D D 6 Fail FX FX 5 Fail F F F F Onvoldoende Grade Percentage METU Bogazici Dutch Grade

Excellent 90-100 AA AA 10 Very Good 85-89 BA BA 9.5 Good 80-84 BB BB 9 75-79 CB CB 8 Fair 70-74 CC CC 7.5 65-69 DC DC 7 Poor 60-64 DD DD 6.5 50-59 FD 6 Fail < 49 FF F Onvoldoende


57

Partner universities • Ankara Universitesi • Middle East Technical University (METU) • Bilkent Üniversitesi • University of Akdeniz • Uludag Üniversitesi • Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University • Bogaziçi Üniversitesi • Istanbul Üniversitesi • Fatih Üniversitesi • Sabanci Üniversitesi • Yeditepe Üniversitesi • Acibadem Üniversitesi • Ege Üniversitesi • Kocaeli University • Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi • KOC


58

United Kingdom Structure of higher education • University first level stage (bachelor) = 3 year (undergraduate) • University second level (master) = 1 year (postgraduate) Main grading system used by higher education institutions • Alphabetical system A to E

A: excellent/outstanding B: above average C: average D: below average E: fail

• Highest on scale: A • Pass/fail level: D/E • Lowest on scale: E United Kingdom conversion scheme *) Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade Information

A++ 96% - 100% 10 No equivalent A++ 90% - 95% 9.5 No equivalent A+ 80% - 89% 9 A+ 70% - 79% 8.5 A / A- 60% - 69% 8.0 B+ / B 54% - 59% 7.5 B / B- 50% - 53% 7.0 C+ 45% - 49% 6.5 C / D 40% - 44% 6.0 Pass 35% - 39% 6.0 F 30% - 34% Onvoldoende *) Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)



59

Partner universities • University College of North Wales, Bangor • Queen's University of Belfast • University of Sussex, Brighton • University of West England • University of Cambridge • University of Kent at Canterbury • Cardiff University • University of Essex • University of Warwick, Coventry • University of Dundee • Durham University • University of Edinburgh • University of Glasgow • University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield • University of Hull • Keele University • University of Lancaster • Institute of Education (IOE) - University of London • Imperial College London • King's College - University of London • Middlesex University • University of Greenwich • Loughborough University • University of Manchester • Manchester Metropolitan University • University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne • University of Nottingham • University of Oxford (University Offices) • University of Reading • University of Sheffield • University of Southampton • Swansea University • University of Winchester • University of Wolverhampton • University of York


60

USA Description of main grading system • Many institutions use either a letter grading system similar to that described for

secondary school linked to a numerical system based upon points earned. The latter system is typically based on a five-, four-, or three-point scale. Some institutions do not use grades or provide them only upon request. Grading systems are determined by each institution.

• Highest on scale: A, 4.0 (Excellent) • Pass/fail level: C, 2.0 (Marginal) • Lowest on scale: D or F, 1.0 or below (Failure)

Other grading systems Advanced research studies (Masters thesis, Doctoral dissertations), practica and projects or presentations in the fine or performing arts are often not assigned letter or numerical grades but rather evaluated on an "honours", "pass", or "fail" basis by the supervising faculty. NOTE US grading systems at both the secondary and higher education levels are generally based on the principle of starting with an assumption of a perfect grade and then subtracting points for errors, omissions, poor expression, unsound reasoning, etc. Numerical scores are often converted into letter grades, or vice-versa. Since there are five common letter grades (A,B,C,D,F) and ten-point score ranges are frequently issued to denote letter grade separations, it is common for any score/grade of less than 60 (D) to be considered unsatisfactory. This is an important difference from systems where scoring begins at zero and points are added to achieve a final grade. USA conversion scheme *) Letter symbol Dutch Grade Information

A++ 10 No equivalent A++ 9.5 No equivalent A+ 9 A+ 8.5 A / A- 8.0 A /A- 7.5 A- /B+ 7.0 B+ / B 6.5 B / B- /C 6.5 D 6.0 F Onvoldoende * Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)



61

Partner universities • University of California • Boston College • Humboldt State University • Loyola University New Orleans • University of Tampa • The University of Iowa • University of Kansas • University of Dayton • University of San Diego • Pennsylvania State University • DePaul University • University of Minnesota - Twin Cities • University of Wyoming • Iowa State University of Science and Technology • University of Southern Maine • Washington & Jefferson College • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • University of Central Florida • Washington & Jefferson College • University of Hawaï

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