MODUL KECEMERLANGAN 2016

KIMIA TINGKATAN 4

PPD PASIR GUDANG

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MODUL DISEDIAKANDAN DISUSUN OLEH:

1. VALARMATHY SUPAIAH SMK BANDAR SERI ALAM

2. YAP HENG KUE SMK ULU TIRAM

3. ZORAH BT HJ MUSTAPA SMK SUNGAI TIRAM

4. YIP YIM POON SMK TMN PELANGI INDAH

5. WAN NORAIN BINTI WAN MAMAT SMK PSR GUDANG 2

6. ZUANA BT YUNUS SMK TAMAN RINTING 2

7. NOOR HAYATI BINTI HASSAN SMK AGAMA JOHOR

BAHRU

8. ROHANA BINTI JANTAN SMK KOTA MASAI 2

9. MAZIAH BINTI SABRAN SMK SERI KOTA PUTERI

10.

BAB 2 STRUKTUR ATOM BAB 3 FORMULA KIMIA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA 1. You are given two white substance labelled X and Y. The substance is urea while the

other one is a naphthol . Andadiberiduabahanberwarnaputih yang berlabel X dan Y. Satubahanialah urea manakalasatulagiialahnaftol.

Describe an experiment to identify the identity of X and Y using physical methods. Huraikansatueksperimenuntukmengenalpasti identity bahan X dan Y menggunakankaedahfizikal.

You are given the following information: Andadiberimaklumatberikut:

Substance / Bahankimia Melting point / Takatlebur (oC) Urea 132 Naftol 95

Your answer should include the following aspects: Jawapanandaharusmerangkumiaspekberikut:

(a) Material and apparatus / Senaraibahankimiadanradas

(b) Procedure / Prosedureksperimen

(c) Result/ Keputusan

(d) Explanation / Peneranganbagaimana identity bahandikenalpasti

(15 markah)

2. A car fitted with air bag which will inflate in an accident.

Sebuahkeretadilengkapidengan beg udara yang

akanmengembangapabilaberlakukemalangan.

The air bag contains solid sodium azide, NaN3 which will decompose rapidly to form

sodium and nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas formed fills the air bag.

[Relative atomic mass: N=14;H=1;O=16 and 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of

24dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

Beg udaramengandungipepejalnatriumazida, NaN3 yang

akanteruraidengancepatmembentuknatriumdan gas nitrogen. Gas nitrogen yang

terbentukakanmengisi beg udaraitu.

[Jisim atom relatif: N=14; H=1; O=16 dan 1 mol gas menempatiisipadu 24dm3padasuhudantekananbilik]

(a) Construct equation for the decomposition of sodium azide.

Bina persamaankimiabagipenguraiannatriumazida. [2marks]

(b) In an accident, an air bag fills with 72dm3 of nitrogen at room temperature and

pressure. What is the mass of sodium azide needed to provide 72dm3 of nitrogen?

Dalamsuatukemalangan, beg udaramengandungi 72dm3 gas nitrogen

padasuhudantekananbilik. Berapakahjisimnatriumazida yang

diperlukanuntukmenghasilkan 72dm3 gas nitrogen?

[3 marks]

(c) Sodium azide, NaN3 reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride

and compound A. Compound A contains 2.33% of hydrogen and 97.7% of nitrogen

by mass.

Natrium azida NaN3

bertindakbalasdenganasidhidroklorikcairuntukmenghasilkannatriumkloridadansebatia

n A. Sebatian A mengandungi 2.33% hydrogen dan 97.7% nitrogen

berdasarkanjisim.

(i) What is the empirical formula for compound A?

Apakah formula empiriksebatian A?

[4 marks]

(ii) Constuct the equation for the reaction between sodium azide and dilute

hydrochloric acid.

Bina persamaanbagitindakbalasantaranatriumazidadanasidhidroklorikcair.

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

BAB 4 JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR BAB 5 IKATAN KIMIA

1. Diagram 1 shows a diver in the sea Rajah 1 menunjukkan seorang penyelam di dalam laut

Rajah 1 (a) State the name of gas X. In your opinion, what is the rational of using gas X in the diver's tank? Nyatakan nama bagi gas X Pada pendapat anda, apakah rasional penggunaan gas X dalam tangki penyelam?

( 3 markah ) (b) With reference to the number of protons in the periodic Table, explain why the gas X exists as a monoatomic gases while oxygen gas exists as a diatomic gases. Dengan merujuk kepada bilangan proton dalam Jadual Berkala, terangkan mengapa gas X wujud sebagai gas monoatom sedangkan gas oksigen wujud sebagai gas dwiatom

(7 markah ) (c) Sea water containing sodium chloride. Explain the formation of bond between sodium atom and chlorine atom. In your description, state the type of bond and draw the electron arrangement of the compund formed Air laut mengandungi garam natrium klorida. Terangkan pembentukan ikatan antara atom natrium dan atom klorin. Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan jenis ikatan dan lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk Apart from soluble in water, state one another physical properties of sodium chloride Selain daripada larut dalam air, nyatakan satu sifat fizik lain bagi natrium klorida

(10 markah ) BAB 6 ELEKTROKIMIA

(a) A group of students were given a task by their teacher to carry out an experiment to determine the electrical conductivity of three substances X, Y and Z. Sekumpulanpelajartelahdiberikantugasanoleh guru merekauntukmenjalankaneksperimenuntukmenentukankekonduksianelektrikbagitigabahanX, Y danZ. Results of the experiment are shown in Diagram 1.1 Keputusaneksperimenditunjukkandalam Rajah 1.1.

Based on Diagram 1.1./Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1

Suggest substance X, Y and Z./CadangkanbahanX, Y danZ

Explain the differences for observations/Terangkanperbezaanbagipemerhatian

Classify the substances into electrolyte and non electrolyte/Kelaskan bahan-bahanitukepadaelektrolitdanbukanelektrolit. [10 marks]

Answer

1.X - glucose solution / (any suitable covalent compound) 2.Y – solid sodium chloride / (any suitable ionic compound in solid state ) 3.Z – sodium chloride solution / (any suitable ionic compound in aqueous state) 4. X cannot conduct electricity 5. because X consist of molecule//has no free moving ions 6. Y cannot conduct electricity 7. Because the ions in Y cannot move freely 8. Z can conduct electricity 9.Because the ions in Z move freely

10.

electrolyte Non electrolyte z X, y

Gold electroplating, when used in jewellery manufacturing, allows the manufacturer to provide the market with jewellery that appears to be made of pure gold at a cheaper price as the jewellery is only plated with gold.

Penyaduranlogamemasapabiladigunakandalampembuatanbarangkemasmemberikanpengilanguntu

kmemasarkanbarangkemasseolah-olahdibuatdaripadaemastulentetapidijualpadaharga yang

lebihrendahdisebabkanbarangkemasdisadurkandenganemas.

Reffering to the above statement, describe an experiment in the laboratory how to electroplate an iron ring with gold. Include a labeled diagram in your description. Merujukkepadapernyataan di atas, huraikansatueksperimendalammakmalbagaimanauntukmenyadurcincinbesidenganemas. Sertakangambar rajah berlabeldalamhuraiananda. [10 marks]

Answer

1. Iron ring is connected to the negative plate on the battery. 2. Aurum / Gold plate is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. 3. Both plates are immersed into the aurum nitrate solution. 4. Gold plate and iron ring are connected to batteries as shown in the diagram using connecting wire 5. Cathode: Au+ + e Au 6. Observation: golden solid is deposited 7. Anode : Au Au+ + e 8. Observation: gold become thinner//dissolve

BAB 7 ASID DAN BES BAB 8 GARAM

1. In the frozen food industry Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) used in burgers as food additives.

The addition of as food additives is to ensure that the food can be stored longer. Food

additives can make the colour of the meat more savoury. In the process of heating red

meat burger Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) decomposes forming a chemicals P and

colourless gas.

Dalam industry sejukbekunatriumnitratdigunakandalam burger sebagaibahantambahanmakanan. Penambahanbahantersebutbertujuanuntukmemastikanmakanantersebutdapattersimpanlebih lama. Bahantersebutdapatmenjadikanwarnadagingitulebihmenyelerakan. Dalam proses pembakarandaging burger Natrium Nitrat (NaNO3) teruraiuntukmenghasilkansatubahankimia P dan gas tidakberwarna.

(a) What are the ingredients of food additives is added in the red meat?

Apakahjenisbahantambahmakanan yang ditambahkandalamdagingtersebut?

_____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(b) Write the balanced chemical equation that involved when the red meats are grilled?

Tuliskanpersamaankimiaseimbang yang terlibatapabilasekepingdagingdipanggang

_____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(c) Based on the equation verify the present of the gas released

Berdasarkanpersamaandiatassahkankehadiran gas yang terbebas

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

(d) Explain the harmful effect of consuming the chemicals P in long terms.

Terangkankesanmerbahayapengambilanbahankimia P tersebutdalamjangkamasa

yang panjang.

_____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

2. Different substances have different levels of acidity or alkalinity. The pH scale which

ranged from 0 to 14 is used to indicate the degree of acidity and alkalinity of

substances. The pH values for daily common substances are shown in Diagram 1

Bahan yang berbezamempunyaitahapkeasidandankealkalianbahan. Skala pH mempunyainilaidari 0 ke 14. Nilai pH bagikeperluanharianditunjukkan di Rajah 1.

Based on the Diagram _____,

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

Based on Diagram 1, Berdasarkan Rajah 1,

(a) State the formula of ions that enable the substances to show its acidic and alkaline

property.

Nyatakan formula bagi ion yang membolehkanbahan-

bahantersebutmenunjukkansifatkeasidandankealkalian.

Acidic:___________________________________________________________

Keasidan:________________________________________________________

Alkaline:_________________________________________________________

Kealkalian: _______________________________________________________

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(b) How does the ions that you have stated in (a) affect pH value of the substances?

Bagaimanakah ion-ion yang andanyatakan di (a) mempengaruhinilai pH bahan-

bahantersebut?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c)

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

(i) Based on the situation in Diagram 2, which substance in Diagram 2 you would

suggest the student to solve the problem?

Give reason for your answer.

Berdasarkansituasidalam Rajah 2, bahanmanakahdalam Rajah 2 yang

akanandacadangkankepadapelajartersebutuntukmenyelesaikanmasalahnya?

Berialasankepadajawapananda.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(ii) The student found there was a piece of magnesium ribbon on the floor that

started dissolving and fizzing as the acid ran over it.

Explain the observation.

Pelajaritukemudiannyamendapatisekeping pita magnesium di

ataslantaisedangmelarutdanmendesisapabilaterkenaasid yang mengalir.

Terangkanpemerhatiantersebut.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

3.

Lim Seng was playing in the playground with his friends. While playing suddenly a bee

came and stung his hand. He went to home and told his mother. She apply substance Y

that was found in the bathroom on Lim Seng hand. Suggest substance Y that his mother

applied on his hand. Explain your answer.

Lim Seng bermainbersamarakan-rakannya di tamanpermainan. Semasabermain,

seekorlebahtelahmenyengattangannya. Diabalikrumah dab memberitahuibunyaapa yang

telahberlaku. Ibunyamenyapukanbahan Y yang diambildaribilik air. Cadangkanbahan Y

yang digunakanolehibunya. Jelaskanjawapananda

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

4.

Shell of the snail is made of compound X. Compound X is an ionic compound which can

react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Cengkerangsiputdibuatdaripadasebatian X. Sebatian X adalahsebatianionik yang

bolehbertindakbalassdenganasidhidroklorikcair.

Based on the information given,

Write a chemical equation for the reaction.

State the observation

Give a chemical test to identify the gas produced.

Berdasarkankenyataan yang diberikan,

Tuliskanpersamaanbagitindakbalastersebut

Nyatakanpemerhatian

Berikansatuujianuntukmengenalpasti gas yang dibebaskan.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[4 marks]

[4 markah]

5.

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

Diagram 3 shows the observation when chicken egg is immersed in solution X.

Rajah 3 menunjukkanpemerhatianapabilasebijitelurayamdirendam di dalamlarutan X.

Suggest solution X which can be easily found in the kitchen and explain the

observation. Write a chemical equation to show the reaction.

Cadangkanlarutan X yang mudahdidapati di dapurdanterangkanpemerhatian yang

berlaku. Tuliskanpersamaankimiabagitindakbalas yang berlaku.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

[4 marks]

[4 markah]

BAB 9 BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI

1. The following diagram shows a racing bicycle. Rajah berikut menunjukkan sebuah basikal lumba.

Why the frame of a racing bicycle cannot be made of steel? Give a suggestion and explain which material is most suitable to be used as a frame. Mengapakah rangka basikal ini tidak sesuai dibina daripada besi keluli? Berikan satu cadangandan terangkan bahan yang manakah paling sesuai digunakan sebagai rangka basikal.

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

[6 marks]

2. John pours hot water into a glass bottle. Then, he puts the bottle into a refrigerator.

After two hours, he discovered that the bottle is cracked. Explain the situation based on the properties of glass. John menuang air panas ke dalam sebuah botol kaca. Kemudian, dia masukkan botol tersebut ke dalam peti sejuk. Selepas dua jam, dia mendapati botol tersebut retak. Terangkan keadaan tersebut berdasarkan sifat-sifat bagi kaca

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

..........……………………………………………………………………………………………

..........…………………………………………………………………………………………… [6 marks

BAB 2 STRUKTUR ATOM BAB 3 FORMULA KIMIA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA JAWAPAN:

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Soalan Jawapan Markah 1 (a) Apparatus: boiling tube , and clamp foot retort , furnace tripod

, Bunsen burner , wire gauze , thermometer , beaker 500ml and stopwatch . Radas: tabungdidih, kaki retort danpengepit, tungku kaki tiga,

penunu Bunsen, kasadawai, thermometer, bikar500ml dan

jam randik.

Materials: powder labeled X and Y and steamer oil

Bahankimia: serbukberlabel X dan Y dankukusanminyak

(a) Procedure

Prosedur:

1. Three spatulas powder X entered into a boiling tube . 2. A beaker filled with oil up to about ¾ full . 3. Beaker filled with oil and then placed on a three-legged

furnace . 4. Boiling tube then clamped in a beaker filled with oil to the

level of substance X below the oil level . 5. A thermometer inserted into the boiling tube. 6. Oil heated in a beaker until the temperature reaches

approximately 70 ° C. Then, the Bunsen burner flame is reduced , which is slowed warming .

7. The stopwatch is started and the temperature was recorded at intervals X ½ minutes until it melts .

8. The result recorded in the table . 9. Temperature graph plotted against time for heating the

material X. 10. Measures outlined above was repeated using the

material X and Y.

1. Tiga spatula serbukbahan X

dimasukkankedalamsebuahtabungdidih.

2. Sebuahbikardiisidenganminyaksehinggalebihkurang ¾

penuh. Bikar yang berisiminyakkemudiandiletakkan di

atastungku kaki tiga.

3. Tabungdidihkemudiandiapitkandalambikar yang

berisiminyakdenganparasbahan X di bawah paras

minyak.

4. Sebatang thermometer dimasukkankedalamtabungdidh.

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5. Minyak di

dalambikardipanaskansehinggasuhumencapailebihkuran

g 70oC. Kemudian, nyalaanpenunu Bunsen dikurangkan,

iaitupemanasandiperlahankan.

6. Jam randikdimulakandansuhubahan X

dicatatkanpadasela masa ½ minitsehinggaiamelebur.

7. Keputusandirekodkandalamjadual.

8. Graf suhumelawan masa

diplotkanbagipemanasanbahan X.

9. Langkah-langkah di

atasdiulangdenganmenggunakanbahan X danbahan Y.

Result/ keputusan:

The graph is plotted against time for the two materials . Graf suhumelawan masa diplotbagiduabahan.

Suhu (oC)

T

Masa (min)

If the value of T is 95 ° C , the material is naphthol . If the value of T is 132oC , the material is urea . Sekiranyanilai T ialah 95oC, bahanituialahnaftol. Sekiranyanilai

T ialah 132oC, bahanituialah urea.

1 + 1

1

1

Soalan Jawapan Markah 2 (a) 2NaN3 2Na + 3N2

(b) Number of moles of nitrogen / Bilanganmol nitrogen

=����

����������

�= 3 mol

2

1

Number of moles of NaN3 / Bilanganmol NaN3 = 2 mol Mass of NaN3 / Jisim NaN3 = 2 mol x [23 + 3(14)] gmol-1

= 130 g

(c)

Element Unsur

H N

Mass/g Jisim/g

2.33 97.7

Number of mole Bilanganmol

�.��

� = 2.33

��.�

��= 6.98

Simplest ratio

Nisbahteringkas

�.��

�.��= 1

�.��

�.��=3

Empirical formula = HN3

(d) NaN3 + HCl → NaCl + HN3

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BAB 4 JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR BAB 5 IKATAN KIMIA JAWAPAN

2. (a) Helium Ringan Lengai/tidak bertindak balas secara kimia

1 1 1

3

(b) Susunan elektron atom helium ialah 2 Telah mencapai susunan elektron duplet yang stabil Atom tidak perlu menerima, menderma dan berkongsi elektron Susunan elektron atom oksigen ialan 2.6 Atom oksigen memerlukan 2 elektron Untuk mencapai susunan elektron oktet yang stabil 2 atom oksigen berkongsi dua pasang elektron

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

7

(c) Ikatan ion Susunan elektron atom natrium ialah 2.8.1 Untuk mencapai susunan elektron oktet yang stabil Atom natrium membebaskan 1e // Na→Na+ + e Susunan elektron atom klorin ialah 2.8.7 Untuk mencapai susunan elektron oktet yang stabil Atom klorin menerima 1 e// Cl + e → Cl Ion natrium dan ion klorida tertarik antara satu sama lain oleh daya tarikan elektrostatik yang kuat Rajah

Takat lebur tinggi// takat didih tinggi //boleh mengalirkan arus dalam keadaan leburan dan larutan akueus

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1

1+1

1

10

JUMLAH

20

BAB 7 ASID DAN BES BAB 8 GARAM

JAWAPAN:

Soalan Jawapan Markah 1 (a) Preservatives / Pengawet

(b) 2NaNO3 →2 NaNO2 + O2

(c) Collect the gas in a test tube

Put the glowing wooden splinter in the test tube

The glowing wooden splinter is lighted up

Kumpulkan gas dalamtabunguji

Masukkankayuujiberbaradalamtabunguji

Kayuujiakanmenyala

(d) Cause grow of cancer cell

Menyebabkanpertumbuhanselkanser

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Soalan Jawapan Markah 2 (a) H+

OH-

(b) The higher the concentration of H+, the lower the pH value

The higher the concentration of OH-, the higher the pH value.

Semakintinggikepekatan H+, semakinrendahnilaipH.

Semakintinggikepekatan OH-, semakintingginilaipH.

(C)(i) Baking soda / Serbukpenaik

Baking soda is an alkali that can neutralise the acid

Sebukpenaikadalah alkali yang bolehmeneutralkanasid.

(ii) Magnesium react with acid to produce hydrogen gas Magnesium bertindakbalasdenganasidmenghasilkan gas hidrogen.

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Soalan Jawapan Markah 3 Toothpaste / Ubatgigi

Bee sting is acidic while toothpaste is alkaline

1

Sengatanlebahadalahberasidmanakalaubatgigiialah alkali Toothpaste can neutralise the acidity of bee sting Ubatgigibolehneutralkansengatanlebah yang berasid

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Soalan Jawapan Markah 4 The shell of the snail contain calcium carbonate

Cengkerangsiputmengandungikalsiumkarbonat Equation / Persamaan: CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 · Bubbles produced/ effervesence occur. Gelembung gas dihasilkan Deliver the gas released into a test tube containing lime water Menyalurkan gas terbebaskedalamtabunguji yang mengandungi air kapur. Lime water will turn chalky/cloudy/milky Air kapurmenjadikeruh

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Soalan Jawapan Markah 5 Solution X is vinegar / ethanoic acid.

Larutan X adalahcuka / asidethanoik The shell of chicken egg contains calcium carbonate. Cengkerangtelurmengandungikalsiumkarbonat. Vinegar / ethanoic acid react with calcium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas. Cuka / asidethanoikbertindakbalasdengankalsiumkarbonatuntukmenghasilkan gas karbondioksida. Equation / Persamaan: 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 → (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O

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BAB 9 BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI

JAWAPAN:

1 -Steel is an alloy with the composition of iron and carbon. It has high strength and is very heavy. This will increase the weight of the racing bycycle and reduce the speed during a race.Thus, steel is not suitable to make the frame of a racing bycycle. -Keluliadalahaloidengankomposisibesidankarbon.

Kelulimempunyaikekuatan yang tinggidansangatberat

.Iniakanmeningkatkanberatbasika]

lumbadanmengurangkankelajuannyasemasaberlumba. Olehitu,

kelulitidaksesuaiuntukmembuatrangkabasikallumba.

Racing bicycles require a light and strong frame to increase speed when racing. The most suitable material that can be used to make the frame of a bicycle is duralumin. Basikallumbamemerlukanrangka yang ringandankuatuntukmeningkatkankelajuansemasaperlumbaan. Bahan yang paling sesuaiuntukdigunakanmembuatrangkabasikalialah duralumin.

Duralumin is an alloy with the composition of 93% aluminium

and 3% copper. This alloy combines the low density of the

aluminium and high tensile strength of copper. Thus, the racing

bicycle become light and tought.

Duralumin ialahaloidengankomposisi 93% aluminium dan 3%

kuprum. Aloiinimenggabungkanketumpatanrendahdari aluminium

dang ketegangantinggidarikuprum. Olehitu,

basikallumbamenjadiringandankuat.

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A glass bottle is made from soda lime glass. Soda lime glass contains silicon dioxide, sodium oxide and calcium oxide.

Botolkacadiperbuatdaripadakaca soda kapurmengandungi silicon dioksida, natriumoksidadankalsiumoksida.

Soda lime glass has low melting point, a low thermal expansion, does not withstand heat and cracks easily with sudden change in temperature.

Kaca soda kapurmempunyaitakatlebur yang rendah, pengembangantermal yang rendah, tidakbolehtahanpanasdanmudahpecahapabilaberlakuperubahansuhu yang mendadak.

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