Modifications and enhancements made by the teachers of “Foundations of Technology” Washington County Public Schools Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems

Modifications and enhancements made by the teachers of Foundations of Technology Washington County Public Schools Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems

Most PowerPoint's include in the following order: Suggestions - suggestive engagement activities / project for the chapter Voluntary State Curriculum objectives met within this chapter and pages of the book that correlate to these objectives. The long term objective for the course. The short term objective Big Idea for this chapter. Qualifier for learning the stated objectives. Lesson Procedures Warm Up Timed Daily Reading Timed Objectives to be written Introduction of an Academy or CTE Program Lesson (to include learner engaging activities) Higher Order questioning Timed group activities Place where you can work in Washington County with the skills learned in this chapter Review of Career Closure (exit ticket) Review of Objectives Homework Assignment Study foundationsoftechnology.com foundationsoftechnology.com

Suggestions See document on teacher websiteteacher website

Voluntary State Curriculum 1.C Develop an understanding of the relationship among technologies and the connections between technology and other fields of study.328558 2.C Develop an understanding of the effects of technology on the environment528543544 2.C.2 Analyze the relationship between technological processes and natural processes5.428543544 2.D.4 Analyze the development and use of technology in the pre- agricultural, industrial, and information ages.7.528540541542 2.E Develop an understanding of the influence of technology on history.728540541542 2.E.1 Analyze how different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants and values.7.528540541542 2.E.6 Explain that the iron age was defined by the use of iron and steel as the primary materials for tools.7.528540541542

4.A Students will demonstrate knowledge of and skills related to the core technologies, the building blocks of the designed world..28All 4.A.1 Describe the core technologies (mechanical, structural, electrical, electronic, thermal, fluid, optical, bio, and material) as they are applied in the designed world.28All 4.BAnalyze the functioning and application of mechanical systems28557558 4.B.1 Identify and describe application of mechanical technology in the designed world. Such as: Levers, Inclined planes, Wedges, Wheels and axles, Pulleys, Screws, Gears, Cams, Linkages28557558 4.D.1 Identify and describe applications of materials technology in the designed world. Such as: Metals, Alloys, Nonmetals, Composites, Biomaterials.28548 4.EAnalyze the functioning and applications of electrical systems.28All 4.E.1 Identify and describe applications of electrical technology in the designed world. Such as: Generators, Electric motors, Alarm systems, Automobile electrical systems28552553554 Voluntary State Curriculum

4.E.2 Explain science concepts and mathematical concepts applied in electrical technology. Such as: Measure resistance, conduction, semi-conduction current (alternating and direct, Voltage, Power, Circuits, Magnetism, Ohm's Law, Ratio 28553554555 4.E.3 Identify and describe how various types of electric circuits (i.e., series and parallel) provide a means of transferring and using electrical energy to produce heat, light, sound, as well as chemical changes. 28539540541 542542 4.G Analyze the functioning and application of thermal technology systems. 28549550 4.G.1 Identify and describe applications of thermal technology in the designed world. Such as: Thermometer Refrigerator, Furnace, Air conditioner, Heat Engines 28549550552 4.G.2 Explain science concepts and mathematical concepts applied in thermal technology. Such as: Convection, Conduction, Radiation, Insulation, Efficiency. 28549550551 552552 4.H Analyze the functioning and applications of fluid technology systems. 28 4.H.1 Identify and describe application of fluid technology in the designed world. Such as: Air pumps, Water Pumps, Automobile brakes, airfoils 28552558559 4.H.2 Explain science concepts and mathematical concepts applied in fluid technology. Such as: Pressure, Vacuum, Volume, Area, Ratio 28549558559 Voluntary State Curriculum

4.JAnalyze the functioning and application of biotechnology systems.28 4.J.1 Identify and describe application of biotechnology in the designed world. Such as: Genetically modified food, DNA fingerprinting, Oil biodegradation, Insulin production, Bioethics28548 4.J.2 Explain science concepts and mathematical concepts applied in biotechnology. Such as: Genes, Genetic code, DNA structure, Enzymes, Proteins. Cloning, Mutations, Chromosome number, Genetic recombination, Anaerobic conversion, Fermentation28548 5.DDevelop an understanding of energy and power technologies.1628All 5.D.1 Explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed; however, it can be converted from one form to another.16.128539 5.D.3 Explain that it is impossible to build an engine to perform work that does not exhaust thermal energy to the surroundings16.328All 5.D.4Explain that energy resources can be renewable or non-renewable.16.428All Voluntary State Curriculum

Objectives Over Arching (Long Term) Objective (s) The students will develop a basic understanding of the design world. How would an improved technical awareness improve ones life? This chapters Essential Question, Big Idea What are the results of converting various forms of electricity? Students will be able to answer the daily objectives within this PowerPoint to a 70% degree of efficiency.

Technology ResourcesMaterials Teacher Computer, Projector, White board, Student Computers, Name Randomizer, Timer, www.foundationsoftechnology.com,.foundationsoftechnology.com/worldsbestfotteachersareinwcps www.foundationsoftechnology.comfoundationsoftechnology.com/worldsbestfotteachersareinwcps Handouts, Project Materials Instructional Procedures and Content Notes Silent Reading (7 minutes) Slide is automatically timed Write Objectives (5 minutes) Students write daily objectives in their notebooks. Leaving enough room to write the answers to the objectives at the end of class / Slide is automatically timed (Song may play to tie into the objectives) Chapter PowerPoint (35 minutes, approximately can go much longer or shorter) Teacher conducts interactive lecture with a PowerPoint slideshow while students take fast notes and participate in higher order questioning, and small group activities. PowerPoint also includes short video clips & web links. Desk Activity (10 minutes, Approximately) Vocabulary Students write each word multiple times and define each word. Test Your Knowledge Students answer designated summary questions for the chapter. Study with the FoundationsofTechnology.com websiteFoundationsofTechnology.com Projects / Computer Activity (28 minutes Approximately) Closure (Review of 5 minutes, Objectives Approximately) Homework: (if applicable) Finish Vocabulary / Objectives / Test Your Knowledge Study with the FoundationsofTechnology.com websiteFoundationsofTechnology.com Modifications to meet student needs (IEP, ILP, ELL and Special Needs) Modifications to meet student needs (Enrichment) Students with writing difficulties may write the objectives later. Slower students will be accommodated by being given the complete set of notes and ask to underline the key words other students are writing down. Slide shows are equipped to click on voice over buttons (created by advanced students,) so the slide show can be read to those who need it on an individual basis. Advanced students improve the PowerPoint lectures for various chapters. They add voice over, modify pictures, find movie clips, website links, etc, and can chose from a list of independent project challenges. Sources: Include electronic and printed materials as well as acknowledgement of any influence or guidance provided in the development of the lesson: Wright, R. Thomas. (2008). Technology. Illinois: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Lesson Plan

Its Electric

Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Read Pages 538-548 Day 1

Copy The Following Big Idea & Objectives Big Idea: What are the results of converting various forms of electricity? 1. What devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? 2. What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? 3. What are the differences between passive and active solar conversion systems? 4. What is a common geothermal conversion system? 5. How does a common biomass converter work?

Copy The Following Objectives 1. What devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? 2. What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? 3. What are the differences between passive and active solar conversion systems? 4. What is a common geothermal conversion system? 5. How does a common biomass converter work?

Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Read Pages 549-559 Day 2

Copy The Following Objectives 6. How do heat engines work as energy converters? 7. What are the differences between internal and external combustion engines? 8. What are the common ways to heat homes and buildings? 9. What are the major parts of an electric energy generation and conversion system? 10. What are the common energy input systems for electric generation plants? 11. How is energy applied to work?

Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Day 1

Tech High Electrical Construction Class The Electrical Construction class is currently installing rough wiring including meter mounting and the underground conduit for the power supply, TV cable, and telephone. Both the Carpentry and Electrical Construction students will work together to install the insulation prior to drywall and interior trim. Each School Year Tech High Builds a New Home that is Sold when Completed

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed Electricity Generation Website Electricity Generation Website Electricity Generation Website However humans spend a lot of time and effort converting (Changing) energy from one form to another. However humans spend a lot of time and effort converting (Changing) energy from one form to another. Example: Burn fuels to change water into steam, to turn turbines to make electricity to turn it into heat to heat our house. Example: Burn fuels to change water into steam, to turn turbines to make electricity to turn it into heat to heat our house.turn turbines to make electricity turn turbines to make electricity Read Pg 538 Paragraph #2, 3, & 4

Human body is an energy converter It converts food into energy. It converts food into energy. Mr. FerrariMr. FerrariMr. FerrariMr. Ferrari Automobile Automobile Converts potential energy (gasoline) into heat energy to produce mechanical motion.Converts potential energy (gasoline) into heat energy to produce mechanical motion.

Energy Converters Power our factories Power our factories Propel our transportation vehicles Propel our transportation vehicles Heat and light our homes Heat and light our homes Help produce our communication messages Help produce our communication messages

Four Categories of Energy Conversion Inexhaustible energy converters Inexhaustible energy converters Unable to be used upUnable to be used up wind, moving water, sun wind, moving water, sun Renewable energy converters Renewable energy converters A biological material that can be grown and harvestedA biological material that can be grown and harvested Thermal energy converters Thermal energy converters Heat EnergyHeat Energy Electrical energy converters Electrical energy converters Energy associated with electrons moving along a conductor.Energy associated with electrons moving along a conductor.

What happens if you install an energy converter in your home and you create more electricity then your home uses? What happens if you install an energy converter in your home and you create more electricity then your home uses?______________________________________________________________

Inexhaustible Energy Converters Inexhaustible Energy Resource Inexhaustible Energy Resource a part of the solar weather system that exists on earth and are incapable of being used up a part of the solar weather system that exists on earth and are incapable of being used up Prime Mover Prime Mover A device that changes a natural source of energy into mechanical power. A device that changes a natural source of energy into mechanical power. Ex. Wind, flowing water, sunEx. Wind, flowing water, sun

1.Devices that convert Inexhaustible Energy into Mechanical motion Windmills & Watermills Windmills & Watermills Power turbines to produce electric energyPower turbines to produce electric energy Using Natural mechanical energy (flowing air or running water) to produce controlled mechanical energy (rotary motion)Using Natural mechanical energy (flowing air or running water) to produce controlled mechanical energy (rotary motion) Water Turbines Powering Manhattan, New York - MovieWater Turbines Powering Manhattan, New York - MovieWater Turbines Powering Manhattan, New YorkWater Turbines Powering Manhattan, New York

Wind Energy Conversion First what creates wind? First what creates wind? Heating and cooling of air.Heating and cooling of air. Icecap vs Equator Icecap vs Equator Land vs Ocean Land vs Ocean Land vs Land Land vs Land

Wind Energy Conversion Sails on ships Sails on ships 12,000 years ago12,000 years ago Windmill Windmill 200 B.C. - Grinding grains into flour in the middle east200 B.C. - Grinding grains into flour in the middle east Modern windmill pumps wells for livestockModern windmill pumps wells for livestock

Wind Energy Conversion Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Used to power electric generatorsUsed to power electric generators HorizontalHorizontal VerticalVerticalVertical Wind Farms Wind Farms Wind Farms Wind Farms Milk Wind not CowsMilk Wind not Cows

Water Energy Conversion Waterwheels Waterwheels Powered the first factories of the Industrial revolutionPowered the first factories of the Industrial revolution Two common TypesTwo common Types Undershot Undershot Overshot Overshot Pg 543 Book Bottom Figure 28-6 Pg 543 Book Bottom Figure 28-6

Water Energy Conversion Water TurbinesWater Turbines - Website Water turbines are used widely to power electric generators in hydroelectric power plants Video on the Hoover DamVideo on the Hoover Dam - Movie Picture / Website

Solar Energy Solar converter Solar converter Converts energy from the sun to usable formsConverts energy from the sun to usable forms Insulation Insulation The solar energy available in a specific location at any given time.The solar energy available in a specific location at any given time. Which color absorbs the most light / Which Reflects the most light. How can we make the world a cooler place?

2. The main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy The main way solar energy is converted into other forms of energy is through: The main way solar energy is converted into other forms of energy is through: Passive CollectorsPassive Collectors Active CollectorsActive Collectors

Passive Solar Collector A system that directly collects, converts, stores, and distributes the heat from solar energy A system that directly collects, converts, stores, and distributes the heat from solar energy Direct GainDirect Gain Sun through a window Sun through a window Indirect GainIndirect Gain Black panel to absorb heat through a window Black panel to absorb heat through a window

Isolated Solar System A system that uses solar collector or greenhouses that are separate from the house to convert solar energy to heat. A system that uses solar collector or greenhouses that are separate from the house to convert solar energy to heat. Active Solar Collector Active Solar Collector Use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat that they convert form solar energy.Use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat that they convert form solar energy.

The Photovoltaic Cell Solar Car Page 546 in Text Figure 28-10 Solar Car Page 546 in Text Figure 28-10 Solar Car Page 546 in Text Figure 28-10 A photovoltaic cell can help power: A photovoltaic cell can help power: A pocket calculator. Satellites. Solar-powered vehicles. (DaimlerChrysler)

Solar Review Book pg 545 Figure 28.8 & 28.9 Book pg 545 Figure 28.8 & 28.9 Movie on Mojave Desert Movie on Mojave Desert Movie on Mojave Desert Movie on Mojave Desert Is the Mojave Desert using Active or Passive Collectors? Where else could you place solar collectors?

Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy reaches the earths surface and appears as: Geothermal energy reaches the earths surface and appears as: VolcanoesVolcanoes Hot springsHot springs GeysersGeysers Geothermal energy can heat homes by pumping ground water from a well. Geothermal energy can heat homes by pumping ground water from a well.

Geothermal Energy Conversion Geothermal is heat originating in the molten core of the earth. Geothermal is heat originating in the molten core of the earth. Heat is deep in the core of the earth and makes its way to the surface in certain areas through Geysers, Hot Springs, Volcanos Heat is deep in the core of the earth and makes its way to the surface in certain areas through Geysers, Hot Springs, Volcanos

4. A common Geothermal Energy Conversion system. The Steam Turbine is a common energy conversion system for geothermal technology. It captures steam from the earth and uses it to turn a turbine. Picture / Website

Geothermal Energy Conversion Are there any other ways to use the hot water coming out of the ground? Are there any other ways to use the hot water coming out of the ground? Run It through your houseRun It through your house Run it under highways to keep them thawed in winter.Run it under highways to keep them thawed in winter.

Ocean Energy Conversion Oceans contain two important sources of energy: Thermal. Thermal. Mechanical (wave and tide) motion. Mechanical (wave and tide) motion.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems have three steps: Warm ocean water is used to evaporate a working fluid. Warm ocean water is used to evaporate a working fluid. The vapors are fed into a turbine that turns an electrical generator. The vapors are fed into a turbine that turns an electrical generator. Cold ocean water is used to condense the vapors to complete the cycle. Cold ocean water is used to condense the vapors to complete the cycle.

Wave Energy Conversion Wave energy conversion is one type of ocean mechanical energy conversion systems. Wave energy conversion is one type of ocean mechanical energy conversion systems. The mechanical surface follower is a new buoy being developed for navigational aid. The mechanical surface follower is a new buoy being developed for navigational aid. The buoy floats in the water.The buoy floats in the water. Inside is a mechanism that uses the up-and- down movement of the buoy to ring a bell or blow a whistle.Inside is a mechanism that uses the up-and- down movement of the buoy to ring a bell or blow a whistle.

Pressure-Activated Devices A buoy that compresses air in a cylinder through the bobbing action created by the waves. A buoy that compresses air in a cylinder through the bobbing action created by the waves. As the water rises, it compresses air. As the water rises, it compresses air. When the buoy falls, the compressed air is released, powering a small generator. When the buoy falls, the compressed air is released, powering a small generator. The electricity powers a navigational light. The electricity powers a navigational light.

Tidal Energy Conversion As the ocean rises, water flows over a dam into a basin. As the ocean rises, water flows over a dam into a basin. As the tide recedes, the water flows back through turbines, generating electricity. As the tide recedes, the water flows back through turbines, generating electricity.

Discussion What are some advantages and disadvantages of ocean energy conversion?

Renewable Energy Converters Biomass resources are renewable energy sources being considered as an alternate energy supply. Biomass resources are renewable energy sources being considered as an alternate energy supply. Most biofuels come from three sources: Most biofuels come from three sources: Forest products industrysawdust, bark, etc.Forest products industrysawdust, bark, etc. Agriculture and food processingcorncobs, nutshells, etc.Agriculture and food processingcorncobs, nutshells, etc. Municipal wastesewage and garbage.Municipal wastesewage and garbage.

Bioenergy Conversion Two processes can convert bioenergy through chemical reactions: Thermochemical conversion Uses heat. Thermochemical conversion Uses heat. Includes direct combustion, pyrolysis (liquidification, gasification), liquefaction.Includes direct combustion, pyrolysis (liquidification, gasification), liquefaction. Biochemical processes Uses fungi, enzymes, other microorganisms. Biochemical processes Uses fungi, enzymes, other microorganisms. Anaerobic digestion.Anaerobic digestion. Fermentation.Fermentation.

A Biomass Converter

Class Work Answer Objectives # 1-5 Test Your Knowledge - Page 561 - # 1-6 Work on projects Five Students to Answer ObjectivesFive StudentsAnswer Objectives Timer Homework - Vocabulary & Unfinished Work

Review 1 What devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? The sail, windmill and wind turbines, waterwheel and water turbines, steam turbines.

Review 2 What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? Passive solar collectors Active solar collectors

Review 3 What are the differences between passive and active solar conversion systems? Passive collectors directly collect, store, and distribute the heat they convert from solar energy. Active collectors use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat they convert from solar energy.

Review 4 What is a common geothermal conversion system? Geothermal heat pumps that use ground water to heat homes.

Review 5 How does a common biomass converter work? Bioenergy conversion is produced by chemical reactions using either thermochemical conversion (like direct combustion) or biochemical processes (like fermentation).

Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Day 2

Board of Education wanted energy saving suggestions, here is an Example Letter written to the board of education by Board of Education wanted energy saving suggestions, here is an Example Letter written to the board of education by South High Eileen Tunis Eileen Tunis

Thermal Energy Converters There are two major applications of thermal energy: There are two major applications of thermal energy: - Heat engines. - Space heating. Film Clip Reviewing Energy Converters Film Clip Reviewing Energy Converters Film Clip Reviewing Energy Converters Film Clip Reviewing Energy Converters

Heat Engines Fossil-fuel-powered engines burn fuel to produce heat, which is converted into mechanical energy. Fossil-fuel-powered engines burn fuel to produce heat, which is converted into mechanical energy. Heat engines are classified as either internal combustion engines or external combustion engines. Heat engines are classified as either internal combustion engines or external combustion engines.

Internal Combustion Engines Gasoline, diesel, jet, and rocket engines all are internal combustion engines. Gasoline, diesel, jet, and rocket engines all are internal combustion engines. Heat energy is changed into mechanical motion. Heat energy is changed into mechanical motion. The internal combustion engine operates on a four-stroke cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The internal combustion engine operates on a four-stroke cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Movie - Internal combustion engine Internal combustion engineInternal combustion engine

External Combustion Engines Steam engines are external combustion engines that once powered ships, locomotives, and cars. Steam engines are external combustion engines that once powered ships, locomotives, and cars.

Space Heating Three basic types of heat transfer are used to heat space:

Conduction A pan on an electric heating plate is heated by conduction. A pan on an electric heating plate is heated by conduction. Energy moves from an area with a higher temperature to an area with a lower temperature. Energy moves from an area with a higher temperature to an area with a lower temperature. Conduction takes place without any flow of matter. Conduction takes place without any flow of matter.

Convection Convection can occur through natural action (the wind) or through the use of technological devices (forced hot-air heating systems). Convection can occur through natural action (the wind) or through the use of technological devices (forced hot-air heating systems). Uses currents between colder areas and warmer areas within the material. Uses currents between colder areas and warmer areas within the material.

Radiation The strength of radiation is directly related to the temperature of the radiating medium. The strength of radiation is directly related to the temperature of the radiating medium. Hot objects radiate more heat than cooler objects.Hot objects radiate more heat than cooler objects. Heats only the solid objects it strikes, not the air it travels through. Heats only the solid objects it strikes, not the air it travels through. Radiant heaters in warehouses keep workers warm in a building, but the air still feels cold. Radiant heaters in warehouses keep workers warm in a building, but the air still feels cold.

Fuel Conversion Fossil fuel furnaces are fuel converters that include: Fossil fuel furnaces are fuel converters that include: A firebox.A firebox. A heat exchanger.A heat exchanger. Means of heat distribution.Means of heat distribution.

Furnaces Fuel is burned in the firebox. Fuel is burned in the firebox. Convection currents pass through the heat exchanger and raise its temperature. Convection currents pass through the heat exchanger and raise its temperature. Thermal energy is transferred in the heat distribution chamber to a heating medium (water or air), which is then passed over or through the heat exchanger. Thermal energy is transferred in the heat distribution chamber to a heating medium (water or air), which is then passed over or through the heat exchanger.

Gas-Fired Hot-Air Furnace

Furnace Systems In some systems, water is heated or turned to steam, then piped to radiators in various locations: In some systems, water is heated or turned to steam, then piped to radiators in various locations: Radiators use convection and radiation currents to heat the rooms.Radiators use convection and radiation currents to heat the rooms. Other systems blow air through ducts to areas needing heat. Other systems blow air through ducts to areas needing heat. Convection currents circulate the warm air within the enclosure.Convection currents circulate the warm air within the enclosure.

Heat Pumps In one direction, a heat pump removes heat from a room and releases it into the atmosphere. (air conditioning unit) In one direction, a heat pump removes heat from a room and releases it into the atmosphere. (air conditioning unit) In another direction, the pump takes heat from the outside air and releases the heat inside a building. In another direction, the pump takes heat from the outside air and releases the heat inside a building.

Parts of a Heat Pump Heat pumps consist of a compressor, cooling or condenser coils, evaporator coils, and a refrigerant. Heat pumps consist of a compressor, cooling or condenser coils, evaporator coils, and a refrigerant.

Electric Resistance Heaters Have special wires that are highly resistant to electrical current. Have special wires that are highly resistant to electrical current. Wires become very hot when electricity passes through them. Wires become very hot when electricity passes through them. Hot wires warm the air around them. Hot wires warm the air around them. Convection currents transfer heat to all parts of the room. Convection currents transfer heat to all parts of the room.

Radiant Heating Uses high-resistance wires installed in the ceiling. Uses high-resistance wires installed in the ceiling. Wires become warm when electricity passes through them. Wires become warm when electricity passes through them. Warmth radiates into the room. Warmth radiates into the room. Objects in the room are warmed by electromagnetic waves. Objects in the room are warmed by electromagnetic waves.

Electricity Generation Uses the principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Uses the principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Water or steam strikes turbine blades, causing a shaft to turn.Water or steam strikes turbine blades, causing a shaft to turn. The shaft is attached to a generator, which changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.The shaft is attached to a generator, which changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Hydroelectric Plants and Steam- Powered Electrical Plants Water from reservoirs are used in hydroelectric generating plants. Water from reservoirs are used in hydroelectric generating plants. Fossil fuels or nuclear energy are used in steam-powered electrical plants. Fossil fuels or nuclear energy are used in steam-powered electrical plants.

Nuclear Plants Atomic reactions are used to heat water in a primary system. Atomic reactions are used to heat water in a primary system. The heated water from the primary system is used to produce steam in a secondary system. The heated water from the primary system is used to produce steam in a secondary system. The steam drives the generators turbine. The steam drives the generators turbine.

Nuclear Steam Supply System (Westinghouse Electric Corp.)

Electric Generators An electromagnetic field is produced around a field magnet. An electromagnetic field is produced around a field magnet. An armature, consisting of wires wound around a core, is spun by water or steam turbines. An armature, consisting of wires wound around a core, is spun by water or steam turbines. The wires on the armature cut through the magnetic lines of force around the field magnet. The wires on the armature cut through the magnetic lines of force around the field magnet. A current is induced in the armature. A current is induced in the armature.

Electric Generators

The Distribution System The electrical current is fed into a distribution system. The electrical current is fed into a distribution system. A transformer increases the output voltage of the electrical current. A transformer increases the output voltage of the electrical current. High voltage reduces power losses in transmission.High voltage reduces power losses in transmission. The high-voltage current is carried to distant locations by large transmission lines supported on tall steel towers. The high-voltage current is carried to distant locations by large transmission lines supported on tall steel towers.

The Distribution System Electricity flows through another transformer that reduces the voltage. Electricity flows through another transformer that reduces the voltage. The lower voltage moves along distribution lines. The lower voltage moves along distribution lines. Before the current reaches its final destination, another transformer reduces the current to 110 and 220 volts for residential use. Before the current reaches its final destination, another transformer reduces the current to 110 and 220 volts for residential use.

Electrical Systems

Types of Motion Motion is always present while work is done. Motion is always present while work is done. Three types of motion: Three types of motion: - Rotary motion (spinning around an axis). - Linear motion (moving in a straight line). - Reciprocating motion (moving back and forth).

Power Transmission Takes the energy generated by a converter and changes it into motion. Takes the energy generated by a converter and changes it into motion. Changes the type and direction of a loads motion. Changes the type and direction of a loads motion.

Mechanical Power Systems Mechanical methods that change the type, direction, or speed of a moving force.

Levers, Cranks, and Gears Lever: Door handle mechanisms in automobiles. Lever: Door handle mechanisms in automobiles. Crank: Used in internal combustion engines. Crank: Used in internal combustion engines. Gears: Used in some automobile transmissions. Gears: Used in some automobile transmissions.

Cams, Gears and Racks, Pulleys, and V-Belts Cam: Used to open valves in an internal combustion engine. Cam: Used to open valves in an internal combustion engine. Cam Gear and Rack: Used in rack- and- pinion (gear) steering for automobiles. Gear and Rack: Used in rack- and- pinion (gear) steering for automobiles. Gear and Rack Gear and Rack Pulleys and V-belt: Used to drive many machines. Pulleys and V-belt: Used to drive many machines. Pulleys and V-belt Pulleys and V-belt

Fluid Power Systems Pneumatic systems use air, and hydraulic systems use liquids (usually oil) as power transfer mediums. Pneumatic systems use air, and hydraulic systems use liquids (usually oil) as power transfer mediums. Pneumatic systems hydraulic systems Pneumatic systems hydraulic systems These systems contain: These systems contain: Cylinders with movable pistons.Cylinders with movable pistons. A pump.A pump. Valves to control the flow.Valves to control the flow. Piping to connect the components. Piping to connect the components.

Hydraulic Systems These systems change the direction, increase the distance, or increase the strength of the force.

Pneumatic Systems Operate in a similar way as hydraulic systems. Operate in a similar way as hydraulic systems. Since air is compressed, however, some of the force is used in reducing the volume of the air in the system. Since air is compressed, however, some of the force is used in reducing the volume of the air in the system. The remainder of the force is applied to moving a load. The remainder of the force is applied to moving a load.

Career Corner Power line installers Power line installers Construct electrical power lines.Construct electrical power lines. Maintain electrical, telecommunications, and cable television lines.Maintain electrical, telecommunications, and cable television lines. Encounter serious hazards and must follow safety procedures to reduce risks of danger.Encounter serious hazards and must follow safety procedures to reduce risks of danger. Igniting Creative Energy Challenge Igniting Creative Energy Challenge

Class Work Answer Objectives # 6-11 Test Your Knowledge - Page 561 - # 7-10 Test Your Knowledge - Page 561 - # 7-10 Work on projects Six Students to Answer Objectives Six StudentsAnswer Objectives Timer Timer Homework - Vocabulary

Review 6 How do heat engines work as energy converters? Internal combustion engines burn fuel within the engine to produce heat, which is converted into mechanical energy. Most external combustion engines uses steam to produce mechanical energy.

Review 7 What are the differences between internal and external combustion engines? Internal combustion engines burn fuel within the engine. External combustion engines burn fuel away from the engine.

Review 8 What are the common ways to heat homes and buildings? Burning fuels, capturing heat from the surroundings (heat pumps), and converting electrical energy.

Review 9 What are the major parts of an electric energy generation and conversion system? Water or steam to turn a turbine, a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, transformers, transmission lines.

Review 10 What are the common energy input systems for electric generation plants? Water, steam, coal, natural gas, fuel oils, turbines.

Review 11 How is energy applied to work? Work involves moving a load. Motion is always present while work is done. Energy conversion involves changing the type or direction of a loads motion.

Key Terms Active collectors Active collectors solar collectors that use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat they convert from solar energy.solar collectors that use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat they convert from solar energy. Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion a controlled decaying process that takes place without oxygen.a controlled decaying process that takes place without oxygen.

Documents

Modifications and enhancements made by the teachers of “Foundations of Technology” Washington County Public Schools Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems