Modifications and enhancements made by the teachers of
Foundations of Technology Washington County Public Schools Chapter
28 Energy Conversion Systems
Slide 3
Most PowerPoint's include in the following order: Suggestions -
suggestive engagement activities / project for the chapter
Voluntary State Curriculum objectives met within this chapter and
pages of the book that correlate to these objectives. The long term
objective for the course. The short term objective Big Idea for
this chapter. Qualifier for learning the stated objectives. Lesson
Procedures Warm Up Timed Daily Reading Timed Objectives to be
written Introduction of an Academy or CTE Program Lesson (to
include learner engaging activities) Higher Order questioning Timed
group activities Place where you can work in Washington County with
the skills learned in this chapter Review of Career Closure (exit
ticket) Review of Objectives Homework Assignment Study
foundationsoftechnology.com foundationsoftechnology.com
Slide 4
Suggestions See document on teacher websiteteacher website
Slide 5
Voluntary State Curriculum 1.C Develop an understanding of the
relationship among technologies and the connections between
technology and other fields of study.328558 2.C Develop an
understanding of the effects of technology on the
environment528543544 2.C.2 Analyze the relationship between
technological processes and natural processes5.428543544 2.D.4
Analyze the development and use of technology in the pre-
agricultural, industrial, and information ages.7.528540541542 2.E
Develop an understanding of the influence of technology on
history.728540541542 2.E.1 Analyze how different cultures develop
their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared
needs, wants and values.7.528540541542 2.E.6 Explain that the iron
age was defined by the use of iron and steel as the primary
materials for tools.7.528540541542
Slide 6
4.A Students will demonstrate knowledge of and skills related
to the core technologies, the building blocks of the designed
world..28All 4.A.1 Describe the core technologies (mechanical,
structural, electrical, electronic, thermal, fluid, optical, bio,
and material) as they are applied in the designed world.28All
4.BAnalyze the functioning and application of mechanical
systems28557558 4.B.1 Identify and describe application of
mechanical technology in the designed world. Such as: Levers,
Inclined planes, Wedges, Wheels and axles, Pulleys, Screws, Gears,
Cams, Linkages28557558 4.D.1 Identify and describe applications of
materials technology in the designed world. Such as: Metals,
Alloys, Nonmetals, Composites, Biomaterials.28548 4.EAnalyze the
functioning and applications of electrical systems.28All 4.E.1
Identify and describe applications of electrical technology in the
designed world. Such as: Generators, Electric motors, Alarm
systems, Automobile electrical systems28552553554 Voluntary State
Curriculum
Slide 7
4.E.2 Explain science concepts and mathematical concepts
applied in electrical technology. Such as: Measure resistance,
conduction, semi-conduction current (alternating and direct,
Voltage, Power, Circuits, Magnetism, Ohm's Law, Ratio 28553554555
4.E.3 Identify and describe how various types of electric circuits
(i.e., series and parallel) provide a means of transferring and
using electrical energy to produce heat, light, sound, as well as
chemical changes. 28539540541 542542 4.G Analyze the functioning
and application of thermal technology systems. 28549550 4.G.1
Identify and describe applications of thermal technology in the
designed world. Such as: Thermometer Refrigerator, Furnace, Air
conditioner, Heat Engines 28549550552 4.G.2 Explain science
concepts and mathematical concepts applied in thermal technology.
Such as: Convection, Conduction, Radiation, Insulation, Efficiency.
28549550551 552552 4.H Analyze the functioning and applications of
fluid technology systems. 28 4.H.1 Identify and describe
application of fluid technology in the designed world. Such as: Air
pumps, Water Pumps, Automobile brakes, airfoils 28552558559 4.H.2
Explain science concepts and mathematical concepts applied in fluid
technology. Such as: Pressure, Vacuum, Volume, Area, Ratio
28549558559 Voluntary State Curriculum
Slide 8
4.JAnalyze the functioning and application of biotechnology
systems.28 4.J.1 Identify and describe application of biotechnology
in the designed world. Such as: Genetically modified food, DNA
fingerprinting, Oil biodegradation, Insulin production,
Bioethics28548 4.J.2 Explain science concepts and mathematical
concepts applied in biotechnology. Such as: Genes, Genetic code,
DNA structure, Enzymes, Proteins. Cloning, Mutations, Chromosome
number, Genetic recombination, Anaerobic conversion,
Fermentation28548 5.DDevelop an understanding of energy and power
technologies.1628All 5.D.1 Explain that energy cannot be created
nor destroyed; however, it can be converted from one form to
another.16.128539 5.D.3 Explain that it is impossible to build an
engine to perform work that does not exhaust thermal energy to the
surroundings16.328All 5.D.4Explain that energy resources can be
renewable or non-renewable.16.428All Voluntary State
Curriculum
Slide 9
Objectives Over Arching (Long Term) Objective (s) The students
will develop a basic understanding of the design world. How would
an improved technical awareness improve ones life? This chapters
Essential Question, Big Idea What are the results of converting
various forms of electricity? Students will be able to answer the
daily objectives within this PowerPoint to a 70% degree of
efficiency.
Slide 10
Technology ResourcesMaterials Teacher Computer, Projector,
White board, Student Computers, Name Randomizer, Timer,
www.foundationsoftechnology.com,.foundationsoftechnology.com/worldsbestfotteachersareinwcps
www.foundationsoftechnology.comfoundationsoftechnology.com/worldsbestfotteachersareinwcps
Handouts, Project Materials Instructional Procedures and Content
Notes Silent Reading (7 minutes) Slide is automatically timed Write
Objectives (5 minutes) Students write daily objectives in their
notebooks. Leaving enough room to write the answers to the
objectives at the end of class / Slide is automatically timed (Song
may play to tie into the objectives) Chapter PowerPoint (35
minutes, approximately can go much longer or shorter) Teacher
conducts interactive lecture with a PowerPoint slideshow while
students take fast notes and participate in higher order
questioning, and small group activities. PowerPoint also includes
short video clips & web links. Desk Activity (10 minutes,
Approximately) Vocabulary Students write each word multiple times
and define each word. Test Your Knowledge Students answer
designated summary questions for the chapter. Study with the
FoundationsofTechnology.com websiteFoundationsofTechnology.com
Projects / Computer Activity (28 minutes Approximately) Closure
(Review of 5 minutes, Objectives Approximately) Homework: (if
applicable) Finish Vocabulary / Objectives / Test Your Knowledge
Study with the FoundationsofTechnology.com
websiteFoundationsofTechnology.com Modifications to meet student
needs (IEP, ILP, ELL and Special Needs) Modifications to meet
student needs (Enrichment) Students with writing difficulties may
write the objectives later. Slower students will be accommodated by
being given the complete set of notes and ask to underline the key
words other students are writing down. Slide shows are equipped to
click on voice over buttons (created by advanced students,) so the
slide show can be read to those who need it on an individual basis.
Advanced students improve the PowerPoint lectures for various
chapters. They add voice over, modify pictures, find movie clips,
website links, etc, and can chose from a list of independent
project challenges. Sources: Include electronic and printed
materials as well as acknowledgement of any influence or guidance
provided in the development of the lesson: Wright, R. Thomas.
(2008). Technology. Illinois: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
Lesson Plan
Slide 11
Its Electric
Slide 12
Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Read Pages 538-548 Day
1
Slide 13
Copy The Following Big Idea & Objectives Big Idea: What are
the results of converting various forms of electricity? 1. What
devices convert inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? 2.
What are the main ways solar energy is converted into other forms
of energy? 3. What are the differences between passive and active
solar conversion systems? 4. What is a common geothermal conversion
system? 5. How does a common biomass converter work?
Slide 14
Copy The Following Objectives 1. What devices convert
inexhaustible energy into mechanical motion? 2. What are the main
ways solar energy is converted into other forms of energy? 3. What
are the differences between passive and active solar conversion
systems? 4. What is a common geothermal conversion system? 5. How
does a common biomass converter work?
Slide 15
Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Read Pages 549-559 Day
2
Slide 16
Copy The Following Objectives 6. How do heat engines work as
energy converters? 7. What are the differences between internal and
external combustion engines? 8. What are the common ways to heat
homes and buildings? 9. What are the major parts of an electric
energy generation and conversion system? 10. What are the common
energy input systems for electric generation plants? 11. How is
energy applied to work?
Slide 17
Copy The Following Objectives 6. How do heat engines work as
energy converters? 7. What are the differences between internal and
external combustion engines? 8. What are the common ways to heat
homes and buildings? 9. What are the major parts of an electric
energy generation and conversion system? 10. What are the common
energy input systems for electric generation plants? 11. How is
energy applied to work?
Slide 18
Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Day 1
Slide 19
Tech High Electrical Construction Class The Electrical
Construction class is currently installing rough wiring including
meter mounting and the underground conduit for the power supply, TV
cable, and telephone. Both the Carpentry and Electrical
Construction students will work together to install the insulation
prior to drywall and interior trim. Each School Year Tech High
Builds a New Home that is Sold when Completed
Slide 20
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed Electricity
Generation Website Electricity Generation Website Electricity
Generation Website However humans spend a lot of time and effort
converting (Changing) energy from one form to another. However
humans spend a lot of time and effort converting (Changing) energy
from one form to another. Example: Burn fuels to change water into
steam, to turn turbines to make electricity to turn it into heat to
heat our house. Example: Burn fuels to change water into steam, to
turn turbines to make electricity to turn it into heat to heat our
house.turn turbines to make electricity turn turbines to make
electricity Read Pg 538 Paragraph #2, 3, & 4
Slide 21
Human body is an energy converter It converts food into energy.
It converts food into energy. Mr. FerrariMr. FerrariMr. FerrariMr.
Ferrari Automobile Automobile Converts potential energy (gasoline)
into heat energy to produce mechanical motion.Converts potential
energy (gasoline) into heat energy to produce mechanical
motion.
Slide 22
Energy Converters Power our factories Power our factories
Propel our transportation vehicles Propel our transportation
vehicles Heat and light our homes Heat and light our homes Help
produce our communication messages Help produce our communication
messages
Slide 23
Four Categories of Energy Conversion Inexhaustible energy
converters Inexhaustible energy converters Unable to be used
upUnable to be used up wind, moving water, sun wind, moving water,
sun Renewable energy converters Renewable energy converters A
biological material that can be grown and harvestedA biological
material that can be grown and harvested Thermal energy converters
Thermal energy converters Heat EnergyHeat Energy Electrical energy
converters Electrical energy converters Energy associated with
electrons moving along a conductor.Energy associated with electrons
moving along a conductor.
Slide 24
What happens if you install an energy converter in your home
and you create more electricity then your home uses? What happens
if you install an energy converter in your home and you create more
electricity then your home
uses?______________________________________________________________
Slide 25
Inexhaustible Energy Converters Inexhaustible Energy Resource
Inexhaustible Energy Resource a part of the solar weather system
that exists on earth and are incapable of being used up a part of
the solar weather system that exists on earth and are incapable of
being used up Prime Mover Prime Mover A device that changes a
natural source of energy into mechanical power. A device that
changes a natural source of energy into mechanical power. Ex. Wind,
flowing water, sunEx. Wind, flowing water, sun
Slide 26
1.Devices that convert Inexhaustible Energy into Mechanical
motion Windmills & Watermills Windmills & Watermills Power
turbines to produce electric energyPower turbines to produce
electric energy Using Natural mechanical energy (flowing air or
running water) to produce controlled mechanical energy (rotary
motion)Using Natural mechanical energy (flowing air or running
water) to produce controlled mechanical energy (rotary motion)
Water Turbines Powering Manhattan, New York - MovieWater Turbines
Powering Manhattan, New York - MovieWater Turbines Powering
Manhattan, New YorkWater Turbines Powering Manhattan, New York
Slide 27
Wind Energy Conversion First what creates wind? First what
creates wind? Heating and cooling of air.Heating and cooling of
air. Icecap vs Equator Icecap vs Equator Land vs Ocean Land vs
Ocean Land vs Land Land vs Land
Slide 28
Wind Energy Conversion Sails on ships Sails on ships 12,000
years ago12,000 years ago Windmill Windmill 200 B.C. - Grinding
grains into flour in the middle east200 B.C. - Grinding grains into
flour in the middle east Modern windmill pumps wells for
livestockModern windmill pumps wells for livestock
Slide 29
Wind Energy Conversion Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Used to power
electric generatorsUsed to power electric generators
HorizontalHorizontal VerticalVerticalVertical Wind Farms Wind Farms
Wind Farms Wind Farms Milk Wind not CowsMilk Wind not Cows
Slide 30
Water Energy Conversion Waterwheels Waterwheels Powered the
first factories of the Industrial revolutionPowered the first
factories of the Industrial revolution Two common TypesTwo common
Types Undershot Undershot Overshot Overshot Pg 543 Book Bottom
Figure 28-6 Pg 543 Book Bottom Figure 28-6
Slide 31
Water Energy Conversion Water TurbinesWater Turbines - Website
Water turbines are used widely to power electric generators in
hydroelectric power plants Video on the Hoover DamVideo on the
Hoover Dam - Movie Picture / Website
Slide 32
Solar Energy Solar converter Solar converter Converts energy
from the sun to usable formsConverts energy from the sun to usable
forms Insulation Insulation The solar energy available in a
specific location at any given time.The solar energy available in a
specific location at any given time. Which color absorbs the most
light / Which Reflects the most light. How can we make the world a
cooler place?
Slide 33
2. The main ways solar energy is converted into other forms of
energy The main way solar energy is converted into other forms of
energy is through: The main way solar energy is converted into
other forms of energy is through: Passive CollectorsPassive
Collectors Active CollectorsActive Collectors
Slide 34
Passive Solar Collector A system that directly collects,
converts, stores, and distributes the heat from solar energy A
system that directly collects, converts, stores, and distributes
the heat from solar energy Direct GainDirect Gain Sun through a
window Sun through a window Indirect GainIndirect Gain Black panel
to absorb heat through a window Black panel to absorb heat through
a window
Slide 35
Isolated Solar System A system that uses solar collector or
greenhouses that are separate from the house to convert solar
energy to heat. A system that uses solar collector or greenhouses
that are separate from the house to convert solar energy to heat.
Active Solar Collector Active Solar Collector Use pumps to
circulate the water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat
that they convert form solar energy.Use pumps to circulate the
water that collects, stores, and distributes the heat that they
convert form solar energy.
Slide 36
The Photovoltaic Cell Solar Car Page 546 in Text Figure 28-10
Solar Car Page 546 in Text Figure 28-10 Solar Car Page 546 in Text
Figure 28-10 A photovoltaic cell can help power: A photovoltaic
cell can help power: A pocket calculator. Satellites. Solar-powered
vehicles. (DaimlerChrysler)
Slide 37
Solar Review Book pg 545 Figure 28.8 & 28.9 Book pg 545
Figure 28.8 & 28.9 Movie on Mojave Desert Movie on Mojave
Desert Movie on Mojave Desert Movie on Mojave Desert Is the Mojave
Desert using Active or Passive Collectors? Where else could you
place solar collectors?
Slide 38
Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy reaches the earths surface
and appears as: Geothermal energy reaches the earths surface and
appears as: VolcanoesVolcanoes Hot springsHot springs
GeysersGeysers Geothermal energy can heat homes by pumping ground
water from a well. Geothermal energy can heat homes by pumping
ground water from a well.
Slide 39
Geothermal Energy Conversion Geothermal is heat originating in
the molten core of the earth. Geothermal is heat originating in the
molten core of the earth. Heat is deep in the core of the earth and
makes its way to the surface in certain areas through Geysers, Hot
Springs, Volcanos Heat is deep in the core of the earth and makes
its way to the surface in certain areas through Geysers, Hot
Springs, Volcanos
Slide 40
4. A common Geothermal Energy Conversion system. The Steam
Turbine is a common energy conversion system for geothermal
technology. It captures steam from the earth and uses it to turn a
turbine. Picture / Website
Slide 41
Geothermal Energy Conversion Are there any other ways to use
the hot water coming out of the ground? Are there any other ways to
use the hot water coming out of the ground? Run It through your
houseRun It through your house Run it under highways to keep them
thawed in winter.Run it under highways to keep them thawed in
winter.
Slide 42
Ocean Energy Conversion Oceans contain two important sources of
energy: Thermal. Thermal. Mechanical (wave and tide) motion.
Mechanical (wave and tide) motion.
Slide 43
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Ocean thermal energy conversion
(OTEC) systems have three steps: Warm ocean water is used to
evaporate a working fluid. Warm ocean water is used to evaporate a
working fluid. The vapors are fed into a turbine that turns an
electrical generator. The vapors are fed into a turbine that turns
an electrical generator. Cold ocean water is used to condense the
vapors to complete the cycle. Cold ocean water is used to condense
the vapors to complete the cycle.
Slide 44
Wave Energy Conversion Wave energy conversion is one type of
ocean mechanical energy conversion systems. Wave energy conversion
is one type of ocean mechanical energy conversion systems. The
mechanical surface follower is a new buoy being developed for
navigational aid. The mechanical surface follower is a new buoy
being developed for navigational aid. The buoy floats in the
water.The buoy floats in the water. Inside is a mechanism that uses
the up-and- down movement of the buoy to ring a bell or blow a
whistle.Inside is a mechanism that uses the up-and- down movement
of the buoy to ring a bell or blow a whistle.
Slide 45
Pressure-Activated Devices A buoy that compresses air in a
cylinder through the bobbing action created by the waves. A buoy
that compresses air in a cylinder through the bobbing action
created by the waves. As the water rises, it compresses air. As the
water rises, it compresses air. When the buoy falls, the compressed
air is released, powering a small generator. When the buoy falls,
the compressed air is released, powering a small generator. The
electricity powers a navigational light. The electricity powers a
navigational light.
Slide 46
Tidal Energy Conversion As the ocean rises, water flows over a
dam into a basin. As the ocean rises, water flows over a dam into a
basin. As the tide recedes, the water flows back through turbines,
generating electricity. As the tide recedes, the water flows back
through turbines, generating electricity.
Slide 47
Discussion What are some advantages and disadvantages of ocean
energy conversion?
Slide 48
Renewable Energy Converters Biomass resources are renewable
energy sources being considered as an alternate energy supply.
Biomass resources are renewable energy sources being considered as
an alternate energy supply. Most biofuels come from three sources:
Most biofuels come from three sources: Forest products
industrysawdust, bark, etc.Forest products industrysawdust, bark,
etc. Agriculture and food processingcorncobs, nutshells,
etc.Agriculture and food processingcorncobs, nutshells, etc.
Municipal wastesewage and garbage.Municipal wastesewage and
garbage.
Slide 49
Bioenergy Conversion Two processes can convert bioenergy
through chemical reactions: Thermochemical conversion Uses heat.
Thermochemical conversion Uses heat. Includes direct combustion,
pyrolysis (liquidification, gasification), liquefaction.Includes
direct combustion, pyrolysis (liquidification, gasification),
liquefaction. Biochemical processes Uses fungi, enzymes, other
microorganisms. Biochemical processes Uses fungi, enzymes, other
microorganisms. Anaerobic digestion.Anaerobic digestion.
Fermentation.Fermentation.
Slide 50
A Biomass Converter
Slide 51
Class Work Answer Objectives # 1-5 Test Your Knowledge - Page
561 - # 1-6 Work on projects Five Students to Answer ObjectivesFive
StudentsAnswer Objectives Timer Homework - Vocabulary &
Unfinished Work
Slide 52
Review 1 What devices convert inexhaustible energy into
mechanical motion? The sail, windmill and wind turbines, waterwheel
and water turbines, steam turbines.
Slide 53
Review 2 What are the main ways solar energy is converted into
other forms of energy? Passive solar collectors Active solar
collectors
Slide 54
Review 3 What are the differences between passive and active
solar conversion systems? Passive collectors directly collect,
store, and distribute the heat they convert from solar energy.
Active collectors use pumps to circulate the water that collects,
stores, and distributes the heat they convert from solar
energy.
Slide 55
Review 4 What is a common geothermal conversion system?
Geothermal heat pumps that use ground water to heat homes.
Slide 56
Review 5 How does a common biomass converter work? Bioenergy
conversion is produced by chemical reactions using either
thermochemical conversion (like direct combustion) or biochemical
processes (like fermentation).
Slide 57
Chapter 28 Energy Conversion Systems Day 2
Slide 58
Board of Education wanted energy saving suggestions, here is an
Example Letter written to the board of education by Board of
Education wanted energy saving suggestions, here is an Example
Letter written to the board of education by South High Eileen Tunis
Eileen Tunis
Slide 59
Thermal Energy Converters There are two major applications of
thermal energy: There are two major applications of thermal energy:
- Heat engines. - Space heating. Film Clip Reviewing Energy
Converters Film Clip Reviewing Energy Converters Film Clip
Reviewing Energy Converters Film Clip Reviewing Energy
Converters
Slide 60
Heat Engines Fossil-fuel-powered engines burn fuel to produce
heat, which is converted into mechanical energy.
Fossil-fuel-powered engines burn fuel to produce heat, which is
converted into mechanical energy. Heat engines are classified as
either internal combustion engines or external combustion engines.
Heat engines are classified as either internal combustion engines
or external combustion engines.
Slide 61
Internal Combustion Engines Gasoline, diesel, jet, and rocket
engines all are internal combustion engines. Gasoline, diesel, jet,
and rocket engines all are internal combustion engines. Heat energy
is changed into mechanical motion. Heat energy is changed into
mechanical motion. The internal combustion engine operates on a
four-stroke cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The
internal combustion engine operates on a four-stroke cycle: intake,
compression, power, and exhaust. Movie - Internal combustion engine
Internal combustion engineInternal combustion engine
Slide 62
External Combustion Engines Steam engines are external
combustion engines that once powered ships, locomotives, and cars.
Steam engines are external combustion engines that once powered
ships, locomotives, and cars.
Slide 63
Space Heating Three basic types of heat transfer are used to
heat space:
Slide 64
Conduction A pan on an electric heating plate is heated by
conduction. A pan on an electric heating plate is heated by
conduction. Energy moves from an area with a higher temperature to
an area with a lower temperature. Energy moves from an area with a
higher temperature to an area with a lower temperature. Conduction
takes place without any flow of matter. Conduction takes place
without any flow of matter.
Slide 65
Convection Convection can occur through natural action (the
wind) or through the use of technological devices (forced hot-air
heating systems). Convection can occur through natural action (the
wind) or through the use of technological devices (forced hot-air
heating systems). Uses currents between colder areas and warmer
areas within the material. Uses currents between colder areas and
warmer areas within the material.
Slide 66
Radiation The strength of radiation is directly related to the
temperature of the radiating medium. The strength of radiation is
directly related to the temperature of the radiating medium. Hot
objects radiate more heat than cooler objects.Hot objects radiate
more heat than cooler objects. Heats only the solid objects it
strikes, not the air it travels through. Heats only the solid
objects it strikes, not the air it travels through. Radiant heaters
in warehouses keep workers warm in a building, but the air still
feels cold. Radiant heaters in warehouses keep workers warm in a
building, but the air still feels cold.
Slide 67
Fuel Conversion Fossil fuel furnaces are fuel converters that
include: Fossil fuel furnaces are fuel converters that include: A
firebox.A firebox. A heat exchanger.A heat exchanger. Means of heat
distribution.Means of heat distribution.
Slide 68
Furnaces Fuel is burned in the firebox. Fuel is burned in the
firebox. Convection currents pass through the heat exchanger and
raise its temperature. Convection currents pass through the heat
exchanger and raise its temperature. Thermal energy is transferred
in the heat distribution chamber to a heating medium (water or
air), which is then passed over or through the heat exchanger.
Thermal energy is transferred in the heat distribution chamber to a
heating medium (water or air), which is then passed over or through
the heat exchanger.
Slide 69
Gas-Fired Hot-Air Furnace
Slide 70
Furnace Systems In some systems, water is heated or turned to
steam, then piped to radiators in various locations: In some
systems, water is heated or turned to steam, then piped to
radiators in various locations: Radiators use convection and
radiation currents to heat the rooms.Radiators use convection and
radiation currents to heat the rooms. Other systems blow air
through ducts to areas needing heat. Other systems blow air through
ducts to areas needing heat. Convection currents circulate the warm
air within the enclosure.Convection currents circulate the warm air
within the enclosure.
Slide 71
Heat Pumps In one direction, a heat pump removes heat from a
room and releases it into the atmosphere. (air conditioning unit)
In one direction, a heat pump removes heat from a room and releases
it into the atmosphere. (air conditioning unit) In another
direction, the pump takes heat from the outside air and releases
the heat inside a building. In another direction, the pump takes
heat from the outside air and releases the heat inside a
building.
Slide 72
Parts of a Heat Pump Heat pumps consist of a compressor,
cooling or condenser coils, evaporator coils, and a refrigerant.
Heat pumps consist of a compressor, cooling or condenser coils,
evaporator coils, and a refrigerant.
Slide 73
Electric Resistance Heaters Have special wires that are highly
resistant to electrical current. Have special wires that are highly
resistant to electrical current. Wires become very hot when
electricity passes through them. Wires become very hot when
electricity passes through them. Hot wires warm the air around
them. Hot wires warm the air around them. Convection currents
transfer heat to all parts of the room. Convection currents
transfer heat to all parts of the room.
Slide 74
Radiant Heating Uses high-resistance wires installed in the
ceiling. Uses high-resistance wires installed in the ceiling. Wires
become warm when electricity passes through them. Wires become warm
when electricity passes through them. Warmth radiates into the
room. Warmth radiates into the room. Objects in the room are warmed
by electromagnetic waves. Objects in the room are warmed by
electromagnetic waves.
Slide 75
Electricity Generation Uses the principles of electromechanical
energy conversion: Uses the principles of electromechanical energy
conversion: Water or steam strikes turbine blades, causing a shaft
to turn.Water or steam strikes turbine blades, causing a shaft to
turn. The shaft is attached to a generator, which changes
mechanical energy into electrical energy.The shaft is attached to a
generator, which changes mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
Slide 76
Hydroelectric Plants and Steam- Powered Electrical Plants Water
from reservoirs are used in hydroelectric generating plants. Water
from reservoirs are used in hydroelectric generating plants. Fossil
fuels or nuclear energy are used in steam-powered electrical
plants. Fossil fuels or nuclear energy are used in steam-powered
electrical plants.
Slide 77
Nuclear Plants Atomic reactions are used to heat water in a
primary system. Atomic reactions are used to heat water in a
primary system. The heated water from the primary system is used to
produce steam in a secondary system. The heated water from the
primary system is used to produce steam in a secondary system. The
steam drives the generators turbine. The steam drives the
generators turbine.
Slide 78
Nuclear Steam Supply System (Westinghouse Electric Corp.)
Slide 79
Electric Generators An electromagnetic field is produced around
a field magnet. An electromagnetic field is produced around a field
magnet. An armature, consisting of wires wound around a core, is
spun by water or steam turbines. An armature, consisting of wires
wound around a core, is spun by water or steam turbines. The wires
on the armature cut through the magnetic lines of force around the
field magnet. The wires on the armature cut through the magnetic
lines of force around the field magnet. A current is induced in the
armature. A current is induced in the armature.
Slide 80
Electric Generators
Slide 81
The Distribution System The electrical current is fed into a
distribution system. The electrical current is fed into a
distribution system. A transformer increases the output voltage of
the electrical current. A transformer increases the output voltage
of the electrical current. High voltage reduces power losses in
transmission.High voltage reduces power losses in transmission. The
high-voltage current is carried to distant locations by large
transmission lines supported on tall steel towers. The high-voltage
current is carried to distant locations by large transmission lines
supported on tall steel towers.
Slide 82
The Distribution System Electricity flows through another
transformer that reduces the voltage. Electricity flows through
another transformer that reduces the voltage. The lower voltage
moves along distribution lines. The lower voltage moves along
distribution lines. Before the current reaches its final
destination, another transformer reduces the current to 110 and 220
volts for residential use. Before the current reaches its final
destination, another transformer reduces the current to 110 and 220
volts for residential use.
Slide 83
Electrical Systems
Slide 84
Types of Motion Motion is always present while work is done.
Motion is always present while work is done. Three types of motion:
Three types of motion: - Rotary motion (spinning around an axis). -
Linear motion (moving in a straight line). - Reciprocating motion
(moving back and forth).
Slide 85
Power Transmission Takes the energy generated by a converter
and changes it into motion. Takes the energy generated by a
converter and changes it into motion. Changes the type and
direction of a loads motion. Changes the type and direction of a
loads motion.
Slide 86
Mechanical Power Systems Mechanical methods that change the
type, direction, or speed of a moving force.
Slide 87
Levers, Cranks, and Gears Lever: Door handle mechanisms in
automobiles. Lever: Door handle mechanisms in automobiles. Crank:
Used in internal combustion engines. Crank: Used in internal
combustion engines. Gears: Used in some automobile transmissions.
Gears: Used in some automobile transmissions.
Slide 88
Cams, Gears and Racks, Pulleys, and V-Belts Cam: Used to open
valves in an internal combustion engine. Cam: Used to open valves
in an internal combustion engine. Cam Gear and Rack: Used in rack-
and- pinion (gear) steering for automobiles. Gear and Rack: Used in
rack- and- pinion (gear) steering for automobiles. Gear and Rack
Gear and Rack Pulleys and V-belt: Used to drive many machines.
Pulleys and V-belt: Used to drive many machines. Pulleys and V-belt
Pulleys and V-belt
Slide 89
Fluid Power Systems Pneumatic systems use air, and hydraulic
systems use liquids (usually oil) as power transfer mediums.
Pneumatic systems use air, and hydraulic systems use liquids
(usually oil) as power transfer mediums. Pneumatic systems
hydraulic systems Pneumatic systems hydraulic systems These systems
contain: These systems contain: Cylinders with movable
pistons.Cylinders with movable pistons. A pump.A pump. Valves to
control the flow.Valves to control the flow. Piping to connect the
components. Piping to connect the components.
Slide 90
Hydraulic Systems These systems change the direction, increase
the distance, or increase the strength of the force.
Slide 91
Pneumatic Systems Operate in a similar way as hydraulic
systems. Operate in a similar way as hydraulic systems. Since air
is compressed, however, some of the force is used in reducing the
volume of the air in the system. Since air is compressed, however,
some of the force is used in reducing the volume of the air in the
system. The remainder of the force is applied to moving a load. The
remainder of the force is applied to moving a load.
Slide 92
Career Corner Power line installers Power line installers
Construct electrical power lines.Construct electrical power lines.
Maintain electrical, telecommunications, and cable television
lines.Maintain electrical, telecommunications, and cable television
lines. Encounter serious hazards and must follow safety procedures
to reduce risks of danger.Encounter serious hazards and must follow
safety procedures to reduce risks of danger. Igniting Creative
Energy Challenge Igniting Creative Energy Challenge
Slide 93
Class Work Answer Objectives # 6-11 Test Your Knowledge - Page
561 - # 7-10 Test Your Knowledge - Page 561 - # 7-10 Work on
projects Six Students to Answer Objectives Six StudentsAnswer
Objectives Timer Timer Homework - Vocabulary
Slide 94
Review 6 How do heat engines work as energy converters?
Internal combustion engines burn fuel within the engine to produce
heat, which is converted into mechanical energy. Most external
combustion engines uses steam to produce mechanical energy.
Slide 95
Review 7 What are the differences between internal and external
combustion engines? Internal combustion engines burn fuel within
the engine. External combustion engines burn fuel away from the
engine.
Slide 96
Review 8 What are the common ways to heat homes and buildings?
Burning fuels, capturing heat from the surroundings (heat pumps),
and converting electrical energy.
Slide 97
Review 9 What are the major parts of an electric energy
generation and conversion system? Water or steam to turn a turbine,
a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy,
transformers, transmission lines.
Slide 98
Review 10 What are the common energy input systems for electric
generation plants? Water, steam, coal, natural gas, fuel oils,
turbines.
Slide 99
Review 11 How is energy applied to work? Work involves moving a
load. Motion is always present while work is done. Energy
conversion involves changing the type or direction of a loads
motion.
Slide 100
Key Terms Active collectors Active collectors solar collectors
that use pumps to circulate the water that collects, stores, and
distributes the heat they convert from solar energy.solar
collectors that use pumps to circulate the water that collects,
stores, and distributes the heat they convert from solar energy.
Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion a controlled decaying
process that takes place without oxygen.a controlled decaying
process that takes place without oxygen.