MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking

8/10/2019 MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking

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Lesson 10: Configuring

IP SettingsMOAC 70-687: Configuring Windows 8


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Protocols Computers on a network communicate

using protocols, which are languages thatall the computers understand.

These protocols operate on different levels,forming what is commonly known as anetworking stack or protocol stack.

The most common method for illustrating the

operations of the networking stack is theOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI)reference model, which consists of sevenlayers.

2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2


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TCP and the OSIReference Model


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Encapsulation


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OSI Layers

What signal state represents a binary 1

How the receiving station knows when a"bit-time" starts

How the receiving station delimits aframe


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OSI Layers

Starts and Stops logical Link

Sequences Frames Received Error Checks

Defines which node can talk


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OSI Layers

Subnet Flow Control of Routers

Logical to Physical Address Mapping

Separates upper layers from switching technologies


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OSI Layers


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OSI Layers


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OSI Layers


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OSI Layers


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Connecting to a Network Ethernet. Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling. RJ-45 connectors. 100 Mb/s or 1 Gb/s connections for Ethernet.

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Host and IP addresses Hosts include.

o network printers, routers, layer 3 switches,managed switches, and any other device

that has a network card or interface . An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a logical

address 192.168.1.10

A MAC address is a p hysical address 00-1C-C0 - 92-A3-1C(Vendor ) (Interface)

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IP Addresses IPv4 addresses, 32-bit numbers.

o 4 billion addresses IPv6 addresses, 128-bit addresses.

o 3.403 10 38 addresses.

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IPv4 Classful Address The earliest IPv4 addresses were based on a

classful network design where the first threebits of the first octet would define the class

class A, B, and C.

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Private Addresses These are private network addresses as

expressed in RFC 1918:o 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255o 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255o 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

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Subnet Mask DEFINES network bits and host bits. 255.0.0.0, first 8 bits are network bits, last

24 bits are host bits. EXAMPLE

12.212.34.5 address with a subnetmask of 255.0.0.0

12.0.00 is network address0.212.34.5 host address.

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Private Addresses RFC 1918:

o 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255o 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255o 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

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Classless Addressing Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) Based on variable-length subnet

masking (VLSM) where you can take anetwork and subdivide the network intosmaller subnets.

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Classless Inter-DomainRouting (CIDR)

CIDR differs from traditional addressing (nowcalled classful addressing) by allowing thedivision between the network identifier and

the host identifier to fall anywhere in an IPv4address. It does not have to fall on one of the eight-

bit boundaries.



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Configuring IPv4

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Configuring IPv6

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The math we use!

BASE 10 0 9 10, 11, 12, etc..

BASE 16 0 9 , A- F

BASE 2 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc..


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IP Addressing


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SAMPLE #1 You have been assigned a registered Class C

address of 204.10.15.0. Six subnets arerequired. You want to use the same subnetmask for each routers local interface. Whichsubnet mask should you use to maximize thenumber of available nodes at each site?

A. 255.255.224.0 B. 255.255.255.0B. 255.255.255.224 D. 255.255.255.248


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SAMPLE #2 Your Class B internetwork has 124 subnets.

Which two subnets can you NOT use?

A. 255.255.248.0B. 255.255.252.0C. 255.255.254.0D. 255.255.255.0


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SAMPLE #3 Your IP address is 105.185.185.78 and your

subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. How manysubnets can exist on your internetwork?

A. 124B. 126C. 128

D. 254E. 255F. 256


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SAMPLE #4 Your IP address is 172.10.60.18 and your subnet

mask is 255.255.240.0. Which four hosts are onyour local network? A. 172.10.48.9B. 172.10.55.18C. 172.10.67.53D. 172.10.0.66

E. 172.10.63.24F. 172.10.59.132


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SAMPLE #5 Your Class B internetwork has 70 subnets

and the largest subnet has 420 hosts. Whatis your subnet mask?

A. 255.255.240.0B. 255.255.248.0C. 255.255.252.0D. 255.255.254.0


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SAMPLE #6 A company with the network ID of

209.168.19.0 occupies five floors of an officebuilding. You create a subnet for each floor.

You want to allow for the largest possiblenumber of host Ids for each subnet. Whatsubnet mask would you choose?

A. 255.255.255.192 C: 255.255.255.224B. 255.255.255.240 D: 255.255.255.248


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internetwork has 12 physical segments.Which of the following subnet masks is valid

to achieve the greatest number of hosts oneach subnet? A: 255.255.224.0 D: 255.255.252.0B: 255.255.240.0 E: 255.255.254.0 C: 255.255.248.0


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SAMPLE #8 You have been assigned a registered an

address of 223.15.11.254. Fourteen subnets arerequired. You want to use the same subnetmask for each routers local interface. Whichsubnet mask should you use to maximize thenumber of available nodes at each site?A. 255.255.255.0

B. 255.255.255.192C. 255.255.255.224D. 255.255.255.248


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subnet mask is 255.255.255.224. How manysubnets can exist on your internetwork?

A. 1,024B. 2,048C. 4,096D. 8,192E. 16,384


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subnet mask is 255.224.0.0. Which four hostsare on your local network?

A. 10.100.0.9B. 10.100.8.18C. 10.100.61.53

D. 10.100.15.66E. 10.100.31.24F. 10.100.37.132


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Global Unicast Address Public addresses that are globally routable

and reachable on the IPv6 portion of theInternet.

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Link-local Addresses Private non-routable addresses confined

to a single subnet. They are used by hosts when

communicating with neighboring hosts onthe same link but can also be used tocreate temporary networks forconferences or meetings, or set up apermanent small LAN.

Routers process packets destined for a link-local address, but they will not forwardthem to other links.

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Unique Local Addresses Meant for private addressing, with the

addition of being unique, so that joining twosubnets does not cause address collisions.

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IPv6 Transition Windows 8, by default, installs support for

both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing when itdetects a network interface adapter in the

computer. Microsoft refers to this as Windows 8s dual IP

stack.



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IPv6 Transition

Windows 8 support for IPv4 and IPv6


W ll K P N b


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Well-Known Port NumbersUsed by TCP and UDP


Serv i ce

Name

P o r t

N u m b e r P r o t o c o l F u n c t i o n

ftp-data 20 TCP FTP data channel; used for transmitting filesbetween systems

ftp 21 TCP FTP control channel; used by FTP-connected

systems for exchanging commands and responsesSsh 22 TCP and UDP SSH (Secure Shell) Remote Login Protocol; used

to security log on to a computer from anothercomputer on the same network and executecommands

telnet 23 TCP Telnet; used to execute commands on network-

connected systemsSmtp 25 TCP Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP); used to

send email messages

W ll K P N b


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Serv i ce

Name

P o r t


Domain 53 TCP and UDP DNS; used to receive host name resolutionrequests from clients

Bootps 67 TCP and UDP Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) and DHCP servers;

used to receive TCP/IP configuration requestsfrom clients

Bootpc 68 TCP and UDP BOOTP and DHCP clients; used to send TCP/IPconfiguration requests to servers

http 80 TCP HTTP; used by web servers to receive requestsfrom client browsers

pop3 110 TCP Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3); used to retrieveemail requests from clients

W ll K P t N b


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Serv i ce

Name

P o r t


nntp 119 TCP and UDP Network News Transfer Protocol; used to postand distribute messages to, and retrieve themfrom, Usenet servers on the Internet

ntp 123 TCP and UDP Network Time Protocol; used to exchange timesignals for the purpose of synchronizing theclocks in network computers

imap 143 TCP and UDP Internet Message Access Protocol version 4;used by email client programs to retrievemessages from a mail server

snmp 161 TCP and UDP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP);used by SNMP agents to transmit statusinformation to a network management console

https 443 TCP and UDP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Over TLS/SSL

I t lli g N t k


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Installing NetworkSupport

When Windows 8 detects a network interface adapter inthe computer, either during the operating systeminstallation or afterward, it installs a device driver for theadapter, as well as the components of the defaultnetworking stack including:

o Client for Microsoft Networkso QoS Packet Schedulero File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networkso Microsoft Network Adapter Multiplexor Protocolo Microsoft LLDP Protocol Drivero Link Layer Topology Discovery Mapper I/O Driver and Link

Layer Topology Discovery Respondero Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6)o Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)



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Installing Network Support

Windows 8 Networks controls



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Installing Network Support

Windows 8 Network sharing controls


Using the Network and


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Using the Network andSharing Center

The Network and Sharing Center is a centralizedconsole that offers technical specialists andsystem administrators access to most of the majornetworking tools included with Windows 8.

There are several ways to open the Network andSharing Center:

o Click the Search charm, select Settings, and searchfor Network and Sharing Center.

o From the Desktop, click the Settings charm and clickControl Panel. Then click Network and Internet >Network and Sharing Center.


U i th N t k d


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Using the Network andSharing Center

The Network and Sharing Center



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Changing the Network


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Changing the NetworkLocation

After you select the initial network locationduring the network interface adapterinstallation, Windows 8 attempts to detect

the type of location whenever you connectto a different network. When Windows 8 is unable to detect the

network type for any reason, it errs on theside of caution and sets the networklocation to Public, which is the safest option.


Change the Network Location


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Change the Network LocationUsing Homegroup Troubleshooter

The Troubleshoot and help preventcomputer problems page



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Configure Advanced Sharing

The Change sharing options for different networkprofiles dialog box


Managing Network


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Managing NetworkConnections

Windows 8 creates and configures local areaconnections automatically, but you can alsomanage and modify the properties of theconnections manually.

Each local area connection on a Windows 8system has a status dialog box that displaysreal-time information about the connection.

At the bottom of the dialog box are buttonsthat enable you to perform the following tasks:

o Propertieso Disable/Enableo Diagnose



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View Connection Status

The Network Connection Details dialog box


Running Network


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Running NetworkDiagnostics

When a networking problem exists, clickinga warning icon launches Windows NetworkDiagnostics.

Problems that the system can diagnoseinclude:

o Broken or detached cable connectionso IP address and subnet mask problemso Default gateway problemso DNS and DHCP configuration problemso Networking hardware configuration problemso Internet server addresses and service settings



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Running Network Diagnostics

Running Windows Network Diagnostics



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Using TCP/IP ToolsLesson 10: Configuring IP Settings



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Using Ipconfig.exe All Windows operating systems, including Windows

8, have a graphical interface for configuringnetwork connections: a command-line tool calledIpconfig.exe.

The value of Ipconfig.exe is particularly apparentwhen a Windows 8 computer autoconfigures itsTCP/IP client or uses DHCP to obtain its IP addressand other TCP/IP configuration parameters.

In addition to displaying the DHCP-obtained

configuration settings, Ipconfig.exe also enablesyou to manually release the IP address that thesystem obtained from the DHCP server and renewexisting address leases.



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Using Ipconfig.exe

The Ipconfig.exe display



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Using Ping.exe Ping.exe can tell you if the TCP/IP stack of

another system on the network is functioningnormally.

The Ping.exe program generates a series ofEcho Request messages using the InternetControl Message Protocol (ICMP) andtransmits them to the computer whose

name or IP address you specify on thecommand line.



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Using Tracert.exe Tracert.exe is a variation on Ping.exe. The program uses ICMP Echo Request and

Echo Reply messages just like Ping, but it

modifies the messages by changing thevalue of the TTL field in the IP header. The values in the TTL field prevent packets

from getting caught in router loops thatkeep them circulating endlessly around theinternetwork.



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Using Nslookup.exe

The Nslookup.exe display



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Using Netstat.exe Netstat.exe is a command-line program that

displays status information abouto The current network connections on a computer

running Windows 8.o the traffic generated by the various TCP/IP

protocols. In UNIX, the program is called netstat, and in

Windows 8, it is called Netstat.exe.



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Using Netstat.exe

The Ethernet interface statistics in Netstat.exe



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Using Netstat.exe

The IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables in Netstat.exe


Network Address


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Network AddressTranslation

Network address translation (NAT) is usedwith masquerading to hide an entireaddress space behind a single IP address.

In other words, it allows multiple computerson a network to connect to the Internetthrough a single IP address.

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Connectivity Issues Check the cable. Check the indicator lights on the network

card or interface and the lights on the

switch or hub to determine what the LEDsare telling you. If you have no lights on the switch or hub,

make sure that the switch or hub has powerand is turned on. (Check UPS)

How do you check this?????

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IPConfig Command

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PING Command

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Tracert Command

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Nbtstat

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Network Address


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Network AddressTranslation

Network address translation (NAT) is usedwith masquerading to hide an entireaddress space behind a single IP address.

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Network and Sharing


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Network and SharingCenter

Network and Sharing Center provides real-timestatus information about your network.

It can be used to configure and manage yournetwork connections including managing your

wireless networks, the type of connections youhave, and the level of access you have to othercomputers and devices on the network.

It can also be used to help troubleshoot

network connectivity problems by providingdetailed information about your network in thenetwork map.

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Common Ports DNS: TCP/UDP port 53 FTP: TCP port 20 and 21 HTTP: TCP port 80

HTTPS: TCP port 443 IMAP: TCP/UDP port 143 LDAP: TCP port 389 POP3: TCP port 110 SMTP: TCP/UDP port 25 Telnet: TCP/UDP port 23

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Managing Network Discovery

and Sharing Services The Network and Sharing Center also allows

you to configure certain network services

such as network discovery and sharing.These settings include:o Network discoveryo File and printer sharingo Public folder sharingo Media streamingo Password protected sharing

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Managing Network


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Managing NetworkDiscovery

and Sharing Services

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Network and Sharing


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Network and SharingCenter

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Name Resolution (HOST


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Name Resolution (HOSTand LHMOST Files)

ARP WINS DNS Early TCP/IP networks used hosts (used with

domain/host names associated with DNS)and lmhost (used with NetBIOS/Computernames associated with WINS) files

C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc .

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ARP OPERATIONS IN A SUBNET


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10.0.2.1A.B.C.1.2.3

10.0.2.9A.B.C.7.8.9

10.0.2.5A.B.C.4.5.6

A B C

ARP Table:

? MACA.B.C.1.2.3

MAC

?IP

10.0.2.1IP

10.0.2.9 Data

request


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10.0.2.1A.B.C.1.2.3

10.0.2.9A.B.C.7.8.9

10.0.2.5A.B.C.4.5.6

A B C

request

MACA.B.C.1.2.3

MACff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff

IP10.0.2.1

IP10.0.2.9

What is your MAC Addr?

ARP operation: Checking & REPLY


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10.0.2.1A.B.C.1.2.3

10.0.2.9A.B.C.7.8.9

10.0.2.5A.B.C.4.5.6

A B C

ARP operation: Checking & REPLY

MACA.B.C.1.2.3

MACff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff

IP10.0.2.1

IP10.0.2.9

What is your MAC Addr?


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BOOTP IP The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) operates in

a client/server environment and onlyrequires a single packet exchange to obtainIP information.

BOOTP packets can include the IP address,as well as the address of a router, theaddress of a server, and vendor-specific

information. Static Table

Dynamic addressing: BOOTP


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MAC: KnownIP: Unknown

UDP Broadcast

UDP Broadcast

BOOTPserver

MAC 1 IP 1MAC 2 IP 2MAC 3 IP 3

IP Address

GatewayIP of serverVendor-specific

(DHCP)

IP Datagram

Dynamic addressing: DHCP


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Dynamic addressing: DHCP

MAC: KnownIP: Unknown

DHCP DiscoverUDP Broadcast

DHCP OfferUDP Broadcast

DHCP server

IP1IP2IP3

DHCP Request

DHCP Ack

IP AddressGatewayIP of serversAnd more


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Domain Name System DNS, Domain Name System , is a hierarchical

client/server-based distributed databasemanagement systems that translatesdomain/host names to an IP address.

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WINS Another name resolution technology is

Windows Internet Name Service or WINS,which translates from NetBIOS (computername) to specify a network resource.

Since the growth of the Internet and thescalability of DNS, WINS is considered alegacy system.

Documents

MOAC 70-687 L10 Networking