METODE ESA: ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT DALAM KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN

METODE ESA:ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

ASSESSMENT

DALAM KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN

SRUT+SMNO.PDKL.PPSUB.2013

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

Environmental safety is the practice of policies and procedures that ensure that a surrounding environment, including work areas, laboratories or facilities, is free of dangers that could cause harm to a person working in those areas. A safe place to work is the key element of

environmental safety.

Read more: Define Environmental Safety | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_7166558_define-environmental-

safety.html#ixzz2HWGopdVL

Diunduh dari: http://www.cmu.edu/ehs/newsletters/lifeline/what-is-Safety.html ………. 10/1/2013

“Safety” means the state of being "safe”, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional,

occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error,

accidents, harm or any other event.

SAFETY

safety [ˈseɪftɪ]n pl –ties1. The quality of being safe2. Freedom from danger or risk of injury3. A contrivance or device designed to prevent injury.

Safety 1. Feel as safe as a lone subway rider at 2 a.m. —Anon2. Feel as safe as guarded by a charm —Elizabeth Barrett Browning3. Looked as dangerous as a squirrel and much less nervous —

Raymond Chandler4. The man who looks for security, even in the mind, is like a man who

would chop off his limbs in order to have artifical ones which will give him no pain or trouble —Henry Miller

5. Nothing as safe as simplicity —Edith Wharton6. Safe and more or less invulnerable like sulky Achilles among Trojans

—George Garrett7. (I thought I was) safe as a good new boat —Reynolds Price8. (They think they’re) safe as angels —Dashiell Hammet9. Safe as a nun in a roomful of eunuchs —Donald Seaman10. Safe as a tank town —W. R. Burnett11. Safe as houses —Mary Gordon12. Safe as in a cradle —William Wordsworth13. Safe as in God’s pocket —American colloquialism, attributed to New

England14. Safe as sunshine —Slogan R. E. Dietz Co.15. Security … tighter than the skin on a snake —William H. Hallhan16. She’s safe as a vault —Raymond Chandler17. Squatting in safety like the yolk in an egg —Bertold Brecht

Diunduh dari: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/safety………. 12/1/2013

SAFETYNoun1. Safety - the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be

caused by some agent under defined conditions; "insure the safety of the children"; "the reciprocal of safety is risk"condition, status - a state at a particular time; "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations“

a. Biosafety - safety from exposure to infectious agentsb. Risklessness - safety as a consequence of entailing no riskc. Impregnability, invulnerability - having the strength to withstand

attackd. Salvation - the state of being saved or preserved from harme. Security - the state of being free from danger or injury; "we

support the armed services in the name of national security"f. Danger - the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; "you

are in no danger"; "there was widespread danger of disease"

2. Safety - a safe place; "He ran to safety" refugeg. Area, country - a particular geographical region of indefinite

boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country"

h. Harborage, harbourage - (nautical) a place of refuge (as for a ship)

3. Safety - a device designed to prevent injury or accidentssafety device, guardi. device - an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose; "the

device is small enough to wear on your wrist"; "a device intended to conserve water"

j. fender - a low metal guard to confine falling coals to a hearthk. safety catch, safety lock - guard consisting of a locking device that

prevents a weapon from being fired

Diunduh dari: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/safety………. 12/1/2013

KESEHATAN LINGKUNGANKesehatan Lingkungan (WHO - World Health Organization) :

Suatu keseimbangan ekologi antara manusia dan lingkungan hidupnya agar DAPAT menjamin keadaan sehat bagi manusia.

Ruang lingkup kesehatan lingkungan a.l . penyediaan air bersih /air minum, pengolahan dan pembuangan limbah cair, gas dan padat, pencegahan kebisingan, pencegahan penyakit bawaan air, udara, makanan, dan vektor; pengelolaan kualitas lingkungan air, udara,

makanan, pemukiman dan bahan berbahaya. Kualitas Lingkungan yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan gangguan

kesehatan di masyarakat sehingga diperlukan adanya pengelolaan kesehatan lingkungan konsisten dan berkelanjutan.

Ruang lingkup Kesehatan Lingkungan ada 8, yaitu (Menurut Pasal 22 ayat (3) UU No 23 tahun 1992 ):

1) Penyehatan Air dan Udara2) Pengamanan Limbah padat/sampah3) Pengamanan Limbah cair4) Pengamanan limbah gas5) Pengamanan radiasi6) Pengamanan kebisingan7) Pengamanan vektor penyakit8) Penyehatan dan pengamanan lainnya : Misal Pasca bencana

Diunduh dari: http://enviromentalmanagementandk3.blogspot.com/2012/04/pengelolaan-kesehatan-lingkungan_29.html ………. 13/1/2013

RUANG LINGKUP KESEHATAN LINGKUNGANMenurut WHO ada 17 ruang lingkup kesehatan lingkungan, yaitu :

1. Penyediaan Air Minum2. Pengelolaan air Buangan dan pengendalian pencemaran3. Pembuangan Sampah Padat4. Pengendalian Vektor5. Pencegahan/pengendalian pencemaran tanah oleh ekskreta manusia6. Higiene makanan, termasuk higiene susu7. Pengendalian pencemaran udara8. Pengendalian radiasi9. Kesehatan kerja10. Pengendalian kebisingan11. Perumahan dan pemukiman12. Aspek kesling dan transportasi udara13. Perencanaan daerah dan perkotaan14. Pencegahan kecelakaan15. Rekreasi umum dan pariwisata16. Tindakan-tindakan sanitasi yang berhubungan dengan keadaan

epidemi / wabah, bencana alam dan perpindahan penduduk.17. Tindakan pencegahan yang diperlukan untuk menjamin lingkungan.


KESEHATAN LINGKUNGANSasaran Kesehatan Lingkungan berdasarkan pasal 22 ayat (2) UU No

23 Tahun 1992, meliputi :

1. Tempat umum : hotel, terminal, pasar, pertokoan, dan usaha-usaha yang sejenis

2. Lingkungan pemukiman : rumah tinggal, asrama/yang sejenis3. Lingkungan kerja : perkantoran, kawasan industri/yang sejenis.4. Angkutan umum : kendaraan darat, laut dan udara yang digunakan

untuk umum.


Kesehatan Pemukiman

Kriteria rumah sehat secara umum:

1. Memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis, yaitu : pencahayaan, penghawaan dan ruang gerak yang cukup, terhindar dari kebisingan yang mengganggu.

2. Memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis, yaitu : privacy yang cukup, komunikasi yang sehat antar anggota keluarga dan penghuni rumah

3. Memenuhi persyaratan pencegahan penularan penyakit antar penghuni rumah dengan penyediaan air bersih, pengelolaan tinja dan limbah rumah tangga, bebas vektor penyakit dan tikus, kepadatan hunian yang tidak berlebihan, cukup sinar matahari pagi, terlindungnya makanan dan minuman dari pencemaran, disamping pencahayaan dan penghawaan yang cukup.

4. Memenuhi persyaratan pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan baik yang timbul karena keadaan luar maupun dalam rumah antara lain persyaratan garis sempadan jalan, konstruksi yang tidak mudah roboh, tidak mudah terbakar, dan tidak cenderung membuat penghuninya jatuh tergelincir.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS'Environmental hazard' is a generic term for any situation or state of

events which poses a threat to the surrounding natural environment and adversely affect people's health.

This term incorporates topics like pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.

Hazards can be categorized in five types:1. Chemical2. Physical3. Mechanical4. Biological5. Psychosocial

Diunduh dari: http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110623232454AA2E4tG ………. 13/1/2013

CONTOH-CONTOH:1. Allergens2. Anthrax3. Antibiotic agents in animals destined for human

consumption4. Arbovirus5. Arsenic - a contaminant of fresh water sources (water

wells)6. Asbestos – carcinogenic7. Avian influenza8. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)9. Carcinogens10. Cholera11. Cosmic rays12. DDT13. Dioxins14. Drought15. Dysentery16. Electromagnetic fields17. Endocrine disruptors

Principles of hazard management1. Establish the context and identify the hazard:

These are the first steps. You have learned that a hazard is something that is harmful to our health. A description of the categories of hazards is given in Section 2.2 above. You should identify the type of the hazard in as much detail as you can. You should also describe the exposure conditions and try to answer the following questions: What is the source of the hazard? Who is exposed? What are the pathways or activities that expose a person? What part of the environment is involved in the transfer of the hazard to humans?

2. Hazard/risk analysis and evaluation: Here you would analyse the risk and evaluate the potential of the hazard to cause damage to health. This step needs a deeper appraisal in collaboration with the woreda environmental health worker. The evaluation may require appropriate design, sampling and laboratory investigation.

3. Communicate and consult: When the hazards and risks have been determined, advice can be communicated on the interventions or control measures that are needed to control the hazard. There can also be consultations with relevant people and organisations.

4. Treat the hazard/risk: The interventions or control measures are carried out by the person or people responsible for the hazard or risk.

5. Monitoring and reviewing: The implementation of interventions or control measures for the hazard must be followed up in order to determine whether they are successful. Correction measures can be applied if there is any failure. Identifying appropriate indicators for monitoring is critical and must be done formally.

6. Record keeping: Keeping records and reports on hazard management is always important. These records must contain the type of hazard, exposures and what control measures were taken.

Diunduh dari: http://labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=451990&section=8.6………. 13/1/2013

Kesehatan lingkungan : Suatu keseimbangan ekologis yang harus adaantara manusia

dengan lingkungannya agar dapat menjamin keadaan sehatdari manusia.

Ruang lingkupnya:

1. Penyediaan air minum2. Pengolahan air buangan dan pengendalian pencemaran3. Pengelolaan sampah padat4. Pengendalian vector 5. Pencegahan dan pengendalian pencemaran tanah dan

ekskreta manusia6. Hygiene makanan7. Pengendalian pencemaran udara8. Pengendalian radiasi9. Kesehatan kerja10.Pengendalian kebisingan11. Perumahan dan permukiman12.Perencanaan daerah perkotaan13.Kesehatan lingkungan transportasi udara, laut dan darat14.Pencegahan kecelakaan15.Rekreasi umum dan pariwisata16.Tindakan sanitasi yang berhubungan dengan epidemic,

bencana,kedaruratan17.Tindakan pencegahan agar lingkungan bebas dari risiko

gangguan kesehatan (WHO, 1979).

Diunduh dari: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19374542/Definisi-Kesehatan-Lingkungan...………. 13/1/2013

LINGKUP KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN

What is Safety, Health and

Environmental Management

It’s Doing the Right Thing!

R. W. Campbell (1914)

Sumber: diunduh dari: www.safetymanagementeducation.com/.../What%20is%20Safety,... 2/1/2013

http://www.safetymanagementeducation.com/.../What%20is%20Safety




• It’s Doing the Right Thing– Keeping People Healthy & Safe– Protecting the Environment in which we Live

• It’s Doing the Right Thing– Identifying, understanding & controlling SH&E Risks

(Hazards)– Understanding that business changes can degrade

controls and safeguards

R.W. Campbell: “We aim at the preservation of the individual..”


MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN DAN KEAMANAN LINGKUNGAN

• It’s Doing the Right Thing– Leadership

• Actions focused on protecting People– SH&E as a Core corporate value– An integrated SH&E Management System

• Aligned with corporate objectives & strategies• Risk/Hazard identification, assessment & control

– SH&E Performance Measurement– Achievement of Continuous Improvement

• Virtual elimination of injury, illness & environmental damage





• It’s good for individuals• Hydro’s Commitment

– Eliminate fatal accidents







• It’s good for families– Transportation

accidents are the number one cause of occupational fatalities in North America

– Vehicle accidents are also the leading cause of death for children

Honda’s Commitment• Advanced crash testing• Front side airbags with (OPDS)

– 82% of 2004 models – 100% by 2006

• Side curtain airbags– 64% of 2004 models – 100% by

2006• Anti-lock braking system (ABS)

– 88% of 2004 models – 100% by 2006

• Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA) & rollover sensor

• Advanced Compatibility Engineering– Honda Odyssey and Acura RL

for 2005







• It’s good for communities• EPCOR’s Commitment

– Coal plant emissions reduced to the equivalent of a state of the art natural gas plant.







• TransAlta’s Commitment:– Manage SH&E risks using a defined & documented

management system– Meet all SH&E legislation, regulations and applicable

requirements– Continually improve SH&E performance to contribute to

business success – Hold leadership accountable for systematically managing SH&E

risks – Train employees on their SH&E responsibilities – Hold employees accountable for following SH&E procedures

and working in a manner that safeguards themselves, their co-workers, the public & the environment

– Encourage communication, consultation & collaboration with employees, customers, suppliers, contractors and public stakeholders

– Identify and develop new business practices and pollution prevention opportunities as solutions to environmental problems

– Assess compliance with SH&E legal requirements and conformance to the SH&E management system

– Audit results and report SH&E performance to the Board of Directors







• How do you know when your doing the right thing?– You understand your business’s SH&E risks

(hazards)…

…and you control them!







Understanding your business’s SH&E Risks?

Identify RisksWhat can happen?How can it happen?

Consider Energy Forms

Establishing a process (policy, procedures, standards) to identify, assess and eliminate or control unacceptable risks or hazards.








Consider Energy Forms

EnergyUnwanted Flow

Injury







• Gravitation Energy– Working at height– Using ladders– Construction



Energi mekanik dapat dibedakan atas dua pengertian. yaitu_energj potensial dan energi kinetik.

Jumlah kedua energi itu dinamakan energi mekanik. Setiap benda mempunyai berat,maka baik dalam keadaan diam

atau bergerak setiap benda memiliki energi. Misalnya energiyang tersimpan dalam air yang dibendung pada sebuah waduk bersifat tidak aktif dan disebut energi

potensial (energi tempat).

Bila waduk dibuka, air akan mengalir dengan deras, sehingga energi air menjadi aktif. Mengalirnya air ini adalah

dengan energi kinetik (tenaga gerak)

(diunduh dari: http://www.scribd.com/doc/76872368/16/Energi-Kimia)





• Electrical Energy– Installations– Repair work– In proximity to circuits



Energi listrik ditimbulkan/Dibangkitkan melalui

bermacam-macam cara, a.l.: 1. dengan sungai atau air

terjun yang memilikienergi kinetik;

2. dengan energi angin yang dipakaiuntuk menggerakkan kincir angin;

3. dengan menggunakan accu (energi kimia);

4. Dengan menggunakan tenaga uap yang dapat memutar generator listrik;

5. dengan menggunakan tenagadiesel; dan

6. dengan menggunakan tenaga nuklir





• Mechanical Energy– Installations– Repair work– Receiving & shipping– In proximity to moving vehicles– Rotating equipment







Chemical Energy– Welding– Manufacturing– Lab testing– Spills– Emissions



ENERGI KIMIA

Yang dimaksud dengan energi kimia ialah energi yang diperoleh melalui suatu proses kimia.

Energi yang dimiliki manusia dapat diperoleh dari makanan yang dimakan melalui proses kimia.

Jika kedua macam atom-atom karbon dan atom oksigen, tersebut dapat bereaksi, akan terbentuk molekul baru yaitu

karbondioksida.

Bergabungnya kedua atom tersebut memerlukan energi. Kalori tersebut dikenal sebagai energi kimia. Bila kedua atom

yang telah tergabung dipisahkan, maka akan melepaskan energi. Energi yang terbebas disebut energi eksoterm.

(SUMBER: http://www.scribd.com/doc/76872368/16/Energi-Kimia)






Evaluate RisksCompare against Your standards?

Determine Your risk priorities?

Analyze RisksDetermine existing Controls

Determine DetermineLikelihood Consequences

Estimate the Risk LevelRisk = L X C







Analyze and evaluate your business’s SH&E risk controls / barriers?

Consider Energy Barriers

Energy[GEMC]

Unwanted Flow

Healthy & Safe

Design

Design

Physical

Procedural

Admin.







Sumber: diunduh dari: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19374542/Definisi-Kesehatan-Lingkungan... 12/1/2013


Kesehatan adalah keadaan sehat, baik secara fisik, mental,spritual maupun sosial yang memungkinkan setiap oranguntuk hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomis.

(Pasal 1 butir 1 UU No. 36 Tahun 2009)

Kesehatan lingkungan adalah suatu kondisi lingkungan yang mampumenopang keseimbangan ekologis yang dinamis antara manusia danlingkungan untuk mendukung tercapainya realitas

hidup manusia yang sehat,sejahtera dan bahagia(Himpunan Ahli Kesehatan Lingkungan).

Ilmu Kesehatan Lingkungan : ilmu yang mempelajari dinamika hubungan interaksi antara masyarakat dengan segala macam

perubahan komponen lingkungan hidup seperti spesies organisme, bahan, zat atau kekuatan di sekitar manusia, yang menimbulkan

ancaman, atau berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat, serta mencari upaya-upaya pencegahan. (Umar Fahmi

Achmadi, 1991)Kesehatan lingkungan : upaya untuk melindungi kesehatan

manusiamelalui pengelolaan, pengawasan dan pencegahan factor-faktor lingkungan yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia

(Sumengen Sutomo, 1991).Kesehatan lingkungan: ilmu & seni dalam mencapai keseimbangan,

keselarasan dan keserasian lingkungan hidup melalui upaya pengembangan budaya perilaku sehat dan pengelolaan lingkungan

sehingga dicapai kondisi yang bersih, aman, nyaman, sehat dan sejahtera terhindar dari gangguan penyakit, pencemaran dan

kecelakaan, sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat manusia (Sudjono Soenhadji, 1994).

Treat, Monitor and Review Risks & Controls?

HOW?

Establish a SH&E Management System!

CH

ECK

DO

ACT

PLAN







R.W. Campbell Award Criteria for SH&E Management Excellence

• Leadership– Consensus and commitment to SH&E goals– Senior executives visibly demonstrate personal commitment

• Linkage between SH&E performance and productivity– SH&E is a Core corporate value– SH&E is integrated into the business management system– Alignment of SH&E with corporate objectives and strategies

• SH&E Management System– Executives accountable to personally and directly participate– Effective communication, consultation & collaboration– Systematic risk (hazard) recognition, evaluation and control– Operational SH&E programs to manage risks (hazards)– Effective competency-building and behaviour re-enforcement– Assessments, audits and evaluations

• Performance Measurements– Valid, reliable, comparable leading & lagging indicators

• SH&E Results– Continuous improvement in performance or sustained

excellence






• Leadership– Organizational consensus and commitment to SH&E

goals– Senior executives visibly demonstrate personal

commitment– Defined SH&E goals and objectives– SH&E performance is recognized as a key indicator of

organizational excellence • Linkage between SH&E performance and

productivity– SH&E is a Core corporate value– SH&E is fully and completely integrated into the

business management process of the organization– Alignment of SH&E with corporate objectives and

strategies– The discipline necessary for SH&E performance

excellence contributes to productivity and financial returns


KUNCI DARI SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN DAN KEAMANAN

LINGKUNGAN





• SH&E Management System Elements– Management

• Executives accountable to personally and directly participate

• Appropriate training, authority and accountability for managers and supervisors

• Sufficient resources to achieve SH&E program objectives

• Effective communication, consultation & collaboration

• Assessments, audits and evaluations to identify any gaps in compliance with policy and objectives

– Operations• Systematic risk (hazard) recognition, evaluation and

control process• Design and engineering to eliminate risks and

optimize the interaction of people with machines, equipment & materials

• Operational SH&E programs to manage risks (hazards) and meet standards (regulatory).



LINGKUNGAN





• SH&E Management System Elements– Organizational behaviour (Culture)

• Employee involvement and empowerment– increases acceptance and support of efforts

• Effective competency-building through training and skill development

• Verification that competency-building activities are achieving the objectives

• Clear delegation, concise direction and empowerment to create positive attitudes

• Behaviour reinforcement and coaching to motivate people to support organizational goals



LINGKUNGAN





• Performance Measurements– Valid, reliable, feasible and

comparable– Leading indicators

• JSA, observations, inspections, audits/assessments, & certifications completed

– Lagging indicators• Incident and accident frequency &

severity• Energy use

• SH&E Results– Continuous improvement in

performance or sustained excellence



LINGKUNGAN





Executive Leadership Vision & Policy

Assessed SH&E Risks/ Hazards

Integrated Objectives/ Strategies

Integrated Operational SH&E Programs

Employee Education, Involvement & Coaching

Measurement/ Assessment, Audit

Results and Evaluation



LINGKUNGAN





Senior Manager Leadership Actions!

• Establish and communicate Your Vision• Know your SH&E risks (hazards)

– Establish a process for risk identification, evaluation and control

• Establish SH&E objectives & targets• Build competencies of employees• Hold people accountable

– Managers for systematically managing risks– Employees for following procedures and working in

manner that safeguards themselves and others






Personal Leadership Actions!

• Model the behaviours you want exhibited– Set personal objectives & targets and ask employees about

theirs– Start all meetings with a discussion of SH&E– Use safety gear where it is required– Learn enough to observe work and provide feedback when

on-site – Intervene if a worker appears to be at risk

• Personally review the Mgmt. System performance– Be part of an assessment or audit– Be part of an incident investigation


Kesehatan lingkungan adalah Ilmu dan seni untuk mencegah pengganggu,menanggulangi kerusakan dan meningkatkan/memulihkan fungsi lingkungan melalui

pengelolaan unsur-unsur/faktor-faktor lingkungan yang berisiko terhadap kesehatan manusia dengan cara identifikasi, analisis,intervensi/rekayasa lingkungan,

sehingga tersedianya lingkungan yang menjamin bagi derajat kesehatan manusia secara optimal.

(Tri Cahyono, 2000).





Documents

METODE ESA: ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT DALAM KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN