ME 1012 - Maintenance Engineering E-Content

8/13/2019 ME 1012 - Maintenance Engineering E-Content

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NPRCET/MECHANICAL 1

NPR COLL E GE OF ENGI NEE RI NG AND TECH NOL OG Y

DEPARTMENT : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE : ME 1012

SUBJECT NAME : MAINTANENCE ENGINEERING

YEAR : IV

SEMESTER : VIII

STAFF INCHARGE: R.KARTHIKEYAN

DESIGN/DEPT : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/MECHANICAL ENGG.


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NPRCET/MECHANICAL 2

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ME1012 MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING

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UNIT I PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MAINTENANCE PLANNING 10

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UNIT II MAINTENANCE POLICIES PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

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UNIT III CONDITION MONITORING

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TE T BOOKS

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REFERENCES

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UNIT I PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MAINTENANCE PLANNING 10

B' % + "% )$ !' "#$"'"%$ )'"" " O34$%# 5$ '"* + "% )$ )'""$*

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'5' )'3 ) #6 M' "#$"'"%$ + '" 9'# " M' "#$"'"%$ $% " ! % .

Maintenance Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying e n g ine e ri n gconcepts to the optimization of equipment, procedures, and departmental budgets toachieve bette r maintain a bi l it y , r e li a bi l it y , and availability of equipment.

Maintenance, and hence maintenance engineering, is increasing in importance due torising amounts of equipment, systems, machineries and infrastructure.

Since the I ndustri a l e volu t io n , devices, equipment, machinery and structures havegro!n increasingly comple", requiring a host of personnel, vocations and related systemsneeded to maintain them.

#rior to 2$$%, the &nited States spent appro"imately &S'($$ billion annually on plantmaintenance and operations alone.

) person practicing Maintenance Engineering is *no!n as a Maintenance Engineer.

+ -E /I0ES ) # I I#3ES 4

)nalysis of repetitive equipment failures. Estimation of maintenance costs and evaluation of alternatives. 5orecasting of spare parts. )ssessing the needs for equipment replacements and establish

replacement programs !hen due application of s c h e dul i ng a nd p r o6 e c tman a g e ment

principles to replacement programs. )ssessing required maintenance tools and s*ills required for

efficient maintenance of equipment. )ssessing required s*ills required for maintenance personnel. evie!ing personnel transfers to and from maintenance

organizations assessing and reporting s a f e t y h a z a rds a ssociated !ithmaintenance of

equipment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(production_processes)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_hazardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(production_processes)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_hazardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering


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eliability may be defined in several !ays4

/he idea that an item is fit for a purpose !ith respect to time.

In the most discrete and practical sense4 7Items that do not fail in use are reliable7

and 7Items that do fail in use are not reliable7. /he capacity of a designed, produced or maintained item to perform as

required over time.

/he capacity of a population of designed, produced or maintained items to

perform as required over time.

/he resistance to failure of an item over time.

/he probability of an item to perform a required function under stated

conditions for a specified pe riod of t im e.

In line !ith the creation of safety cases for safety, the goal is to provide a robust set of

qualitative and quantitative evidence that an item or system !ill not contain unacceptable

ris*.

/he basic sorts of steps to ta*e are to4

5irst thoroughly identify as many as possible reliability hazards 8e.g.

relevant System 5ailure Scenarios item 5ailure modes, the basic 5ailuremechanisms and root causes9 by specific analysis or tests.

)ssess the is* associated !ith them by analysis and testing.

#ropose mitigations by !hich the ris*s may be lo!ered and controlled to an

acceptable level.

Select the best mitigations and get agreement on final 8accepted9 is*

3evels, possible based on cost:benefit analysis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time


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AVAILABILITY

) eliability #rogram #lan may also be used to evaluate and improve

)v a il a bi l it y of a system by the strategy on focusing on increasing testability

; maintainability and not on reliability. Improving maintainability is generally easier than reliability.

Maintainability

estimates 8 epair rates9 are also generally more accurate. hen reliability is not under control more complicated issues may arise, li*emanpo!er 8maintainers ? customer service capability9 shortage, spare part

availability, logistic delays, lac* of repair facilities, e"tensive retro:fit and

comple" configuration management costs and others. /he problem of unreliability may be increased also due to the7D ! " $ $%# 7 of maintenance induced failures after repairs.

+nly focusing on maintainability is therefore not enough. If failures are

prevented, none of the others are of any importance and therefore reliability is

generally regarded as the most important part of availability

A Fault Tree Diagram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability


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+ne of the most important design techniques is redund a n c y .

R ELIABILITY THEORY

R$) '3 ) #6 is defined as the p r ob a bi l it y that a device !ill perform its intended function

during a specified period of time under stated conditions. Mathematically, this may be

e"pressed as,

,

!here is the failure p r ob a bi l it y d e nsi t y fun c ti on a nd is the length of the

period of time 8!hich is assumed to start from time zero9.

ACCELERATED TESTING :

/he purpose of accelerated life testing is to induce field failure in the laboratory at a

much faster rate by providing a harsher, but nonetheless representative, environment.

In such a test, the product is e"pected to fail in the lab 6ust as it !ould have failed in the

field@but in much less time.

/he main ob6ective of an accelerated test is either of the follo!ing4

/o discover failure modes.

/o predict the normal field life from the hig h st r e s s lab life.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_functionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_testing


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MAINTENANCE

)n )ccelerated testing program can be bro*en do!n into the follo!ing steps4

Soft!are reliability is a special aspect of reliability engineering. System reliability, by

definition, includes all parts of the system, including hard!are, soft!are, supporting

infrastructure 8including critical e"ternal interfaces9, operators and procedures./raditionally, reliability engineering focuses on critical hard!are parts of the system.

Since the !idespread use of digital in t e g r a ted c ir c uit te chnology, soft!are has become an

increasingly critical part of most e le c troni c s a nd, hence, nearly all present day systems.

espite this difference in the source of failure bet!een soft!are and hard!are, severa l

soft! a re r e li a bi l it y mo d e ls b ased on statistics have been proposed to quantify !hat !e

e"perience !ith soft!are4 the longer soft!are is run, the higher the probability that it !ill

eventually be used in an untested manner and e"hibit a latent defect that results in a

failure 8S hooman 1ABC9, 8Musa 2$$D9, 8 enney 2$$D9.

)s !ith hard!are, soft!are reliability depends on good requirements, design and

implementation. Soft!are reliability engineering relies heavily on a disciplined soft! a re

e n g in ee ri n g p rocess to anticipate and design against unin t e nd e d c on s e qu e n ce s . /here is

more overlap bet!een soft!are qu a li t y e n g in e e r ing a nd soft!are reliability engineering

than bet!een hard!are quality and reliability. ) good soft!are development plan is a *eyaspect of the soft!are reliability program. /he soft!are development plan describes the

design and coding standards, p e e r r e vie ! s , unit test s , c onfi g u r a ti o n man a g e men t ,

soft!are met rics a nd soft!are models to be used during soft!are development.

efine ob6ective and scope of the test

ollect required information about the product

Identify the stress8es9

etermine level of stress8es9 onduct the accelerated test and analyze the collected data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_reliability_modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_reliability_modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shooman&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_consequencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_consequencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_consequencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_peer_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_peer_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_metricshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_reliability_modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_reliability_modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shooman&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_consequencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_peer_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_metrics


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M EAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES

Mean time bet!een failures 8M/ 59 is the predicted elapsed time bet!een inherent

failures of a system during operation. 1 F M/ 5 can be calculated as the a rithm e ti c me a n

8average9 time bet!een f a il u re s of a system.

F ORMAL DEFINITION OF MTBF

y referring to the figure above, the M/ 5 is the sum of the operational periods divided by the number of observed failures.

If the 7 o!n time7 8!ith space9 refers to the start of 7do!ntime7 8!ithout space9 and 7uptime7 8!ith space9 refers to the start of 7uptime7 8!ithout spMean time betMean time

bet!een failures!een failuresace9, the formula !ill be4

/he M/ 5 is often denoted by the G r e e * letter H , or

/he M/ 5 can be defined in terms of the e " p ec te d v a lue of the density function 8t9

!here is the density function of time until failure J satisfying the standard requirementof density functions J

/he +vervie!

5or each observation, do!ntime is the instantaneous time it !ent do!n, !hich is after8i.e. greater than9 the moment it !ent up, uptime. /he difference8do!ntime minus uptime9 is the amount of time it !as operating bet!een these t!oevents.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_meanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thetahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_valuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_valuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBF#cite_note-1%23cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_meanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thetahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value


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MAINTENANCE

M/ 5 value prediction is an important element in the development of products.eliability engineers ? design engineers, often utilize eliability Soft!are to calculate

productsK M/ 5 according to various methods?standards 8MI3:< L:21C5, /elcordiaS ((2, Siemens orm, 5I ES,&/E B$:B1$ 8 52$$$9, etc.9.


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UNIT< I

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MAINTENANCE PLANNING

PARThat do you mean by maintenance 6ob planningN iscuss various steps of

maintenance 6ob planning. 81%9

2. >hat is long term planN iscuss fe! long term planningN 81%9

(. >hat are the ob6ectives of maintenance organization and !hat different types of

organizations are in use in Indian industriesN 81%9

. >hat is equipment availability and !hat are the three basic approaches to define and

quantity availability. 81%9

D. E"plain M/ S, M/ 5, M//5, M// and failure rateN 81%9

%. E"plain briefly different types and classes of maintenance cost. 81%9


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MAINTENANCE

UNIT II MAINTENANCE POLICIES PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

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3& I )/I+

3ubrication is the process, or technique employed to reduce !ear of one or both

surfaces in close pro"imity, and moving relative to each other, by interposing a substance

called lubri ca nt b et!een the surfaces to carry or to help carry the load 8pressure

generated9 bet!een the opposing surfaces. /he interposed lubricant film can be a solid,

8e.g. g ra phi t e , Mo S29 a solid?liquid dispersion, a liquid, a liquid:liquid dispersion 8a

g r ea s e 9 or, e"ceptionally, a gas.

In the most common case the applied load is carried by pressure generated !ithin the

fluid due to the frictional viscous r esistance to motion of the lubricating fluid bet!een the

surfaces.

3ubrication can also describe the phenomenon such reduction of !ear occurs !ithout

human interventi on 8 h y d r oplaning on a road9.

/he science of f ri c ti o n , lubrication a nd ! e a r is called tribolo g y .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(lubricant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroplaning_(tires)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(lubricant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(lubricant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroplaning_(tires)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribology


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MAINTENANCE

/he regimes of lubrication

)s the load increases on the contacting surfaces three distinct situations can be observed

!ith respect to the mode of lubrication, !hich are called regimes of lubrication4

5luid film lubrication is the lubrication regime in !hich through viscous forces

the load is fully supported by the lubricant !ithin the space or gap bet!een the

parts in motion relative to one another 8the lubricated con6unction9 and solidJsolid

contact is avoided. 2 F

o


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MAINTENANCE

esides supporting the load the lubricant may have to perform other functions as !ell, for

instance it may cool the contact areas and remove !ear products. >hile carrying out

these functions the lubricant is constantly replaced from the contact areas either by the

relative movement 8hydrodynamics9 or by e"ternally induced forces.

3ubrication is required for correct operation of mechanical systems pis t ons, pump s , ca m s ,

b ea ri n g s, turbin e s , c ut t ing too l s e tc. !here !ithout lubrication the pressure bet!een the

surfaces in close pro"imity !ould generate enough heat for rapid surface damage !hich

in a coarsened condition may literally !eld the surfaces together, causin g s e iz u r e.

In some applications, such as piston engines, the film bet!een the piston and the cylinder

!all also seals the combustion chamber, preventing combustion gases from escaping into

the cran*case

.T OTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE

/#M is a maintenance process developed for improving productivity by ma*ing

processes more reliable and less !asteful.

/#M is an e"tension of /OM8/otal Ouality Management9.

/he ob6ective of /#M is to maintain the plant or equipment in good condition !ithout

interfering !ith the daily process.

/o achieve this ob6ective, preventive and predictive maintenance is required. y

follo!ing the philosophy of /#M !e can minimize the une"pected failure of the

equipment.

/o implement /#M the production unit and maintenance unit should !or* 6ointly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seizure_(mechanics)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seizure_(mechanics)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seizure_(mechanics)&action=edit&redlink=1


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MAINTENANCE

+riginal goal of total productive management4

P ontinuously improve all operational conditions, !ithin a production system= by

stimulating the daily a!areness of all employees 8by Seiichi a*a6ima, -apan,

-I#M9

/#M focuses primarily on manufacturing 8although its benefits are applicable to virtually

any 7process79 and is the first methodology / o y ota used to improve its global position

81AD$s9. )fter /#M, the focus !as stretched, and also suppliers and customers !ere

involved 8Supply hain9, this ne"t methodology !as called le a n man u f a c turi n g . /his

sheet gives an overvie! of /#M in its original form.

)n accurate and practical implementation of /#M, !ill increase productivity !ithin thetotal organization, !here4

819 ) clear business culture is designed to continuously improve the efficiency of the

total production system.

829 ) standardized and systematic approach is used, !here all losses are prevented and?or

*no!n all departments, influencing productivity, !ill be involved to move from a

reactive to a predictive mindset.

8 9 ) transparent multidisciplinary organization in reaching zero losses.

8D9 Steps are ta*en as a 6ourney, not as a quic* menu.

5inally /#M !ill provide practical and transparent ingredients to reach op e r a ti on a l

e " ce ll e n ce .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_excellencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_excellencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_excellencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_excellencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_excellencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_excellence


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MAINTENANCE

IMPLEMENTATION

/#M has basically ( goals : Qero #roduct efects, Qero Equipment &nplanned 5ailures

and Qero )ccidents.

It sets out to achieve these goals by G a p ) n a l y sis of previous historical records of

#roduct efects, Equipment 5ailures and )ccidents.

/hen through a clear understanding of this Gap )nalysis 8 5 ishbo n e a use : E f f e c t

)n a l y si s , > hy:>hy ause:Effect )nalysis, and #:M )nalysis9 plan a physical

investigation to discover ne! latent fuguai 8slight deterioration9 during the first step in

/#M )utonomous Maintenance called 7 I" # ') C)$'" " 7.

/#M identifies the C losses 8types of !aste9 8 mu d a 9, namely set:up and initial ad6ustment

time, equipment brea*do!n time, idling and minor losses, speed 8cycle time9 losses,

start:up quality losses, and in process quality losses, and then !or*s systematically to

eliminate them by ma*ing improvements 8 * a iz e n9. /#M has B pillars of activity, each

being set to achieve a Pze ro target.

/hese B pillars are the follo!ing4 focussed improvement 8Lobetsu Laizen9= autonomous

maintenance 8-ishu


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MAINTENANCE

R EPAIRABLE

epairable parts are parts that are deemed !orthy of repair, usually by virtue of economic

consideration of their repair cost.

ather than bear the cost of completely replacing a finished product, repairables typically

are designed to enable more affordable maintenance by being more modular.

/his allo!s components to be more easily removed, repaired, and replaced, enabling

cheaper replacement.

Spare parts that are needed to support condemnation of repairable parts are *no!n as

r e plenishm e nt spa res.

) rot a ble pool is a pool of repairable spare parts inventory set aside to allo! for multiple

repairs to be accomplished simultaneously.

/his can be used to minimize stoc*out conditions for repairable items.

R EPAIR CYCLE

5rom the perspective of l o g is t ics, a model of the life cycle of parts in a s u pp l y c h a in c an be developed.

/his model, called the repair cycle, consists of functioning parts in use by equipment

operators, and the entire sequence of suppli e rs or r e p a ir p r ovi d e rs that replenish

functional part inventories, either by production or repair, !hen they have failed.

&ltimately, this sequence ends !ith the manu f a c tur e r.

/his type of model allo!s demands on a supply system to ultimately be traced to theiroperational r e li a bi l it y , a llo!ing for analysis of the dynamics of the supply system, in

particular, spare parts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replenishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotable_poolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repair_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replenishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replenishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotable_poolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repair_shophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_engineering


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MAINTENANCE

UNIThat do you understand by maintenance categoriesN E"plain common types and

e"plain the basis of their selection. .81%9

2. >hat are all the steps involved in preventive maintenance !hy preventive maintenance

is better than reactive maintenance. . 81%9

(. istinguish bet!een fi"ed time maintenance and connect based maintenance. Give the

merits and demerits. . 81%9

. riefly e"plain the procedure for /#M. .81%9

D. E"plain the repair cycle of metallic materials. . 81%9

%. >hat are the functions of lubrication and gives the tips on lubrication. 81%9


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MAINTENANCE

UNIT III CONDITION MONITORING

C "* # " ! " # + " C # % ! '+ " ; #& '"* ; #& ,# CM O"


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MAINTENANCE

METHODS OF CM

1. Screen monitoring records video or static images detailing the contents, or screen

capture, of the entire video displayF or the content of the screen activity !ithin a

particular program or computer application. Monitoring tools may collect realtime video, accelerated or time:lapseF video or screen shots, or may ta*e video or

still image captures at regular intervals 8e.g., once every minutes9. /hey may

collect images constantly or only collect information !hile the user is interacting

!ith the equipment 8e.g., capturing screens !hen the mouse or *eyboard is

active9.

2. ata monitoring trac*s the content of and changes to files stored on the local

hard driveF or in the userKs 7private7 n e t!or* s h a r e.

(. Leystro*e monitoring 8e.g., number of *eystro*es per minute9 may trac* the

performance of *eyboard:intensive !or* such as !ord processing or data entry .

L e y stro*e l o g g ing c aptures all *eyboard input to enable the employer to monitor

anything typed into the monitored machine.

. Idle time monitoring *eeps trac* of time !hen the employee is a!ay from the

computer or the computer is not being actively used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logging


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BENEFITS

o Screen monitoring records video or static images detailing the contents, or

screen capture, of the entire video displayF or the content of the screen

activity !ithin a particular program or computer application.o Monitoring tools may collect real time video, accelerated or time:lapseF

video or screen shots, or may ta*e video or still image captures at regular

intervals 8e.g., once every minutes9.

o /hey may collect images constantly or only collect information !hile the user

is interacting !ith the equipment 8e.g., capturing screens !hen the mouse or

*eyboard is active9.

o ata monitoring trac*s the content of and changes to files stored on the local

hard driveF or in the userKs 7private 7 n e t!or* s h a r e.

o Leystro*e monitoring 8e.g., number of *eystro*es per minute9 may trac* the

performance of *eyboard:intensive !or* such as !ord processing or data

entry. L e y stro * e log g in g c aptures all *eyboard input to enable the employer to

monitor anything typed into the monitored machine.

o Idle time monitoring *eeps trac* of time !hen the employee is a!ay from the

computer or the computer is not being actively used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke_logging


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LOAD TESTING

o 3oad testing is the process of putting demand on a system or device

and measuring its response.

o

3oad testing is performed to determine a systemRs behavior under bothnormal and anticipated pea* load conditions.

o It helps to identify the ma"imum operating capacity of an application

as !ell as any bottlenec*s and determine !hich element is causing

degradation.

o >hen the load placed on the system is raised beyond normal usage

patterns, in order to test the systemKs response at unusually high or

pea* loads, it is *no!n as str e ss t e st i n g .

o /he load is usually so great that error conditions are the e"pected

result, although no clear boundary e"ists !hen an activity ceases to be

a load test and becomes a stress test.

o /here is little agreement on !hat the specific goals of load testing are.

o /he term is often used synonymously !ith concurrency testing ,

soft! a re p e r f o rm a n c e te s ti n g , r e li a bi l it y t e st i n g , and volu m e testin g .

o 3oad testing is a type of non : fun c ti on a l t e st i n g .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_performance_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_performance_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-functional_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-functional_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-functional_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_performance_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_performance_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-functional_testing


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MAINTENANCE

8EAR DEBRIS ANALYSIS

&sing a Sc a nni n g Ele c tr o n Mi c ros c ope of a carefully ta*en sample of debris

suspended in lubricating oil 8ta*en from filters or magnetic chip detectors9.

Instruments then reveal the elements contained, their proportions, size and

morphology.

&sing this method, the site, the mechanical failure mechanism and the time to

eventual failure may be determined. /his is called > ) : >ear ebris )nalysis

.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_Electron_Microscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_Electron_Microscope


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MAINTENANCE

UNIThat is condition monitoring and e"plain condition monitoring >hat type of condition

monitoring are normally used in industry. 81%9

2. >hat is lea*age monitoringN E"plain some of the lea*age mediums used for condition

monitoring. 81%9

(. >hat is !ear debris analysis !hat are the three !ear debris analysis techniques

commonly used and compare their performance and usesN . 81%9

. riefly e"plain the cost comparison !ith and !ithout condition monitoring. 81%9

D. >hat is thermal monitoring and !hat thermal monitoring are used in industries

e"plain principle and uses of thermograph .81%9

%. riefly e"plain various methods and instruments for condition monitoring. 81%9


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MAINTENANCE

Documents

ME 1012 - Maintenance Engineering E-Content