Lecture 01 Key Themes Immigration Cheap Labor Citizenship Civil Rights Cultural Production Identities/Names/Peoples Kumeyaay The Kumeyaay people were the native people of Southern California (San Diego to North County to around Julian, mainly coast-dwellers) Chancellor Khoslas mansion was built on top of a Kumeyaay burial ground There is a history of these lands that tends to get erased unless explicitly shown to us The El Camino Real was a long road built by the Spaniards, but it was actually built on top of an old Kumeyaay road Mexico and Spain 1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain (starts to break down Mission system) 1848: War between USA and Mexico is ended by a treaty that gives the USA the northern third to half of the territory controlled by Mexico Spanish-American or Latin American Mexicans were called Spanish-Americans because they speak Spanish, but Mexicans arent from Spain Mexicans are still called Latin Americans, but not really because theyre citizens of the USA Latino/Latina Generic terms to account for all Spanish-speaking groups in the USA The term includes Central Americans as well Hispanic The BIG generic term Term invented by the US government to account for all different Spanish-speaking groups (including Spanish) The term Hispanic comes from Hispania, the Latin word for Spain Many of these people have mixed roots, so why give them a name tied to Spain? Chicano/Chicana Started around the 1960s They didnt like the terms that were put on them, so they created their own When the Spaniards came to Mexico, they saw an empire of people called the Mexica people (we know them as the Aztecs) Mexica means the center of the world in their language The Spaniards pronounced the letter x with an sh sound, so Mexicano sounded like Meshicano Chicano comes from Xicano (Xicano to Shicano to Chicano) The name came about because most Mexicans are mixed The national identity is based on Mestizo (or mixed) culture In the early 20th century, many Mexicans wanted to be Spanish-American because that could be considered white by the US consensus, but in the late 20th century, people pushed towards their own identity