Lp Standerdized Test

8/2/2019 Lp Standerdized Test

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S.NO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING

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1

2

To

Introduce

the topic

To

DefinitionStandardiz

ed test.

1min

5min

INTRODUCTIONThe realization of educational goals &

objectives in the educative process, is based on theaccuracy of the judgments & inferances made bydecision makers at every step. To arrive at a gooddecision the test, measurements & evaluations arebeing used in all educational situations. Thus

evaluation has become a part & parcel of everysystem of education to determine the achievement ofgoals by the students in the given period.

DEFINITION

y It is a device or procedure for confronting asubject with a standard set of questions or taskto which the student is to respond independently& the result of which can be treated as aquantitative comparison of the performance ofdifferent student.

y the test results in a numerical value ofcharacteristics of the students that yields only averbal description.

y A standardized test is a test that is

administered & scored in a consistent orstandard manner.

Lecture

Questioning

Lecture

LCD

Lcd

What are

tests?

How will you

define

standardizedtests?


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3 To recall

the history

of

standardized tests.

.

2min

y Standardized tests are those tests that are sodesigned that the questions, conditions foradministering, scoring procedures andinterpretations are consistent and areadministered and scored in a predeterminedstandard manner.

y Any test in which the same test is given in thesame manner to all test takers is a standardizedtest.

y Standardized test are those which allow a fairmethod in assessing all those who are

appearing in the evaluation process.

HISTORY

The earliest history of standardized testing wasin china, where the imperial examinations covered the

six arts which included music, archery andhorsemanship, arithmetic writing and knowledge ofthe rituals and ceremonies of both public and privatepart. Later, the studies (military

Lecture LCD From where

standardized

tests

started?


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.

strategies, civil laws, revenues and taxation,agriculture and geography) were added to the testing.In this forum the examinations were institutionalizedduring the sixth century CE, under the Sui Dynasty.

United States

The use of standardized testing in the United States isa 20th century phenomenon with its origins in WorldWar I and the Army Alpha and Beta tests developedby Robert Yerkes and colleagues. More recently ithas been driven in part by the ease of computer-grading of standardized tests, and the comparativedifficulty of grading essays by computer. In the United

States, the need for the Federal government to makemeaningful comparisons across a highly de-centralized (locally controlled) public educationsystem has also contributed to the debate aboutstandardized testing, including the Elementary andSecondary Education Act of 1965 that requiredstandardized testing in public schools. US Public Law

107-110, known as the No Child Left Behind Act of2001 further ties public school funding to standardizedtesting.


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4

5

To

enumerate

the

characteris

tics of

standardiz

ed tests.

To score

the

standardiz

ed tests.

5min

.

CHARACTERISTICS Constructed by test experts or specialists. Covers broad or wide areas of objectives &

content. Selection of items will be done very carefully

and the validity, reliability, usefulness of the testis ascertained in a systematic way.

Procedure of administration is standardized. Test has clear directions & it will be motivating,

encouraging students. Before finalization, test is tried out and

administered on a number of subjects for theexpressed purpose of refining its items.

Scoring key is provided.

Test manual provides norms for the test

Standardized Tests ScoresThe aim of standardized tests is to achieve maximumobjectivity while evaluating the answer sheets.Therefore the authorities taking the standardized tests

make the rules and regulations of evaluatingprocedures known to all interested candidates. Thescoring procedure of norm referenced tests andcriterion tests are very different. While the normreferenced tests measure the score by comparing thescore to a sample of peers, criterion referenced testsmeasure scores on the basis of some specificcriterions.

Lecture &

questioning

Lecture.

LCD

LCD

What are the

characteristi

c of

standardized

test?

How the

tests are

scored?


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6 To describe

the

importance

of

standardiz

ed tests.

2minImportance of Standardized Tests

More and more people are taking the internationalstandardized tests as a good score in some of theimportant standardized tests like GRE, GMAT,TOEFL can help the students to get themselvesenrolled in the educational institutions of their choice.Many institutes, in fact, regard the standardized testscores as reflective of the intelligence quotientneeded for the particular courses they are offering..

Lecture LCD What is the

importance

of

standardized

tests?


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7 To enlist

the

essentials

of

standardiz

ed test.

5min Goodwin and Driscoll (1980, pp. 59-60) note thatstandardized tests have the following qualities:

y They provide a "systematic procedure fordescribing behaviors, whether in terms ofnumbers or categories."

y They include specified procedures foradministration and scoring.

y The test items are derived from experience,either by experiment or observation, rather thantheory.

y They have an established format and set ofmaterials.

y They present the same tasks and require thesame response modes from all test takers.

y They provide tables of norms (see standards for

technical qualities)to which the scores of testtakers can be compared in order to ascertaintheir relative standing.

Lecture LCD. What are the

essentials of

standardized

tests?


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8. To

understand

the

essential

elements

of

standardiz

ed tests.

10mi

n ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF STANDARDIZEDThe essential elements that are

required for a test to be standardized are:-Validity:-

The accuracy with which a test measureswhatever it is supposed to measure. The accuracywith which a test reliability measures what isrelevant.eg.- a test may be valid for specific purposebut not for general. The validity of a test mustdeterminate with reference to the particular use forwhich the test is being conduct.Reliability:-

The degree of accuracy, consistency with which

an exam, test measures, what it seeks to measures agiven variable. A test score is called reliable when wehave reasons for believing it to be stable andtrustworthy.Objectivity:-

A test is objective, when the personaljudgment does not affect the scoring. It estimates

fixed opinion or judgment of the person who scores it.Practicability:-

The overall simplicity of use of a test forboth constructor and for learner. It is an importantcriterion used for assessing the value of a test.Practicability depends upon various factors like easeof administrability,

Discussion LCD Explain any 5

essential

elements of

standardized

tests.


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scoring, interpretation & economy. This includes thecase of administering the test with little possibilities forerror in giving directions, timing, ease and economy ofscoring without sacrificing accuracy and the ease ofinterpretation.Relevance:-

The degree to which the criteria established forselecting the item so that they conform to the aims ofthe measuring instrument.Equilibrium / equity:-

Achievement of the correct proportionamong questions allocated to each of the objectivesand teaching content.

Specificity:-The items in a test should be specific to the

objectives.Discrimination:-

The basic function of all educationalmeasurements is to place individuals in a definedscale. This suggests that pupils with superior abilityshould answer the item correctly more often thanpupils who do not have such ability.


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Efficiency:-It ensures the greater possible number of

independent answer per unit of time.Time:-

The required time to answer items should beprovided to avoid hurry, guessing taking risk orchances etc.

Length:-The number of items in the test should dependupon the objectives and content of the topic.Test usefulness:-

Grading or ranking of the student can bepossible with items in the test.Precise and clear:-

Items should be precise, clear so that studentscan answer well and score marks.Comprehensiveness:-

The total content and objectives hasto be kept in mind while preparing items for the test.Adequacy:-

A measuring instrument should be adequate ie;

balance and fair. The test should include itemsmeasuring both the objectives and the content. A blueprint will be very useful.


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8 To explain

the

advantages

of

standardiz

ed tests.

5min ADVANTAGES OF STANDARDIZED TESTS

Standardized tests can be very useful for manyreasons. They are.

k The results of standardized test can beempirically documented.

k The results have a relative degree of validity &reliability.

k The result can be generalizable & replicable.k Standardized tests are useful for admission

purposes in higher education, where a schoolis trying to compare students fromacross thenation or across the world.

k A well designed standardized test provides anassessment of an individuals mastery of a

domain of knowledge or skill which at somelevel of aggregation will provide usefulinformation.

k Standardized tests are more fair as it gives alltest takers the same test under the same(orreasonably equal) conditions.

k

Thousands of test takers can participate in thetest at once.

k Scoring can be done quickly using machines.

Lecture LCD What are the

advantages

of

standardized

tests?


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9 To point

out the

disadvanta

ges of

standardiz

ed test.

5min DISADVANTAGES OF STANDARDIZED TEST.

k Standardized test cant measure initiative,creativity, imagination, conceptual thinking,curiosity effort, irony, judgment, commitment,commitment, nuance, goodwill, ethicalreflection, or a host of other valuabledisposition and attributes.

k They can measure isolated skills, specificfacts & functions, content knowledge, the leastinteresting & least significant aspects oflearning.

k Overuse & misuse of these tests is havingserious negative consequences on teaching &learning.

k When the standardized tests are the primaryfactors in accountability then what is nottaught, and how the subject is tested becomea model for how to teach the subject.

k While it is possible to use a standardized test& not limit curriculum & instruction. This can

result in a school putting itself at risk of lowproductivity, lower test scores with negativepolitical consequences.

k to apply knowledge in a stressful situation.

Lecture LCD What are the

disadvantage

s of

standardized

tests?


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10 To classifystandardiz

ed tests.

5min

k Schools are pressurized to bring good score

because low test scores means school islabeled in need improvement.

k If the test is only method of accountability thenparents & the community are less likely toknow how well children are learning inuntested areas.

k Same children do not do well on standardizedtests, despite mastery of the material due totesting anxiety or lack of time management ortest taking skills.

Some says that tests cannot directly measure studentknowledge, only the ability of students

The Three Basic Kinds of Standardized TestsKind of

Test Purpose Reliability SpecialConsiderationsAchieveme

nt TestsTo assess

how much

students

have learnedfrom what

they have

specifically

been taught.

y Reliabilitycoefficients areoften .90 or

higher; they aretypically higherfor secondarystudents than forelementarystudents. Coefficients may besomewhat lowerfor subtest

scores.

y Content validitymust be

y These tests areusually moreappropriate for

measuringbroad areas ofachievementthan specificknowledge orskills.

y Useful whencomparing theperformance of

two groups ofstudents.

y Allows us tofollow a

Lecture &

questioning

LCD What is the

purpose of

achievement

test?


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determined for

each situation.

student's

progress overtime and canalert us to"potentialtrouble spots".

Scholastic

AptitudeTests

To assess

students

general

capability to

learn; to

predict their

general

academic

success over

the shortrun Often

called

intelligence

tests.

y Reliabilitycoefficients are

often .90 orhigher; they aretypically higherfor secondarystudents than forelementarystudents.

y Predictive validityfor academicsuccess rangesfrom .40 to .70,depending on thesituation andstudentpopulation.

y Test scoresshould not be

construed asan indication oflearningpotential overthe long run.

y Individuallyadministeredtests (in which

the testerworks one-on-one with aparticularstudent) arepreferablewhen studentsverbal skills arelimited or when

significantexceptionalityis suspected.

y Typicallyassess howmuch a studenthas learnedfrom their

everyday livesandexperiences.


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SpecificAptitude

Tests

To predict

how well

students are

likely to

perform in a

specific

content

domain.

y Reliability

coefficients areoften .90 orhigher.

y Predictive validityfor academicsuccess oftenfalls below .50.

y Test scores

should not beconstrued asan indication oflearningpotential overthe long run


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11

12

To

conclude

the topic.

Topicsummarize

s.

2min

2min

Conclusion:-

These are those tests which is given in the samemanner to all test takers . these are perceived to asbeing more fair than non-standardized tests.theconsistency also permits more reliable comparison ofoutcomes across all test takers.

Summary:

We have discussed the definition, historycharacteristics, importance of standardized testsqualities ,essential elements of standardized tests,advantages,disadvantages &kinds of standardized tests.

Assignment:-

Construct a 10 item standardized test to assess the interest of aperson in nursing profession.

discussion


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

SHARMA R.A [2009] TECHNOLOGICAL FOUNDATION

OF EDUCATION [1ST

EDITION] MEERUT: R.LALL BOOK

DEPOT.

NEERJA K.P [22003] TEXTBOK OF NURSING

EDUCATION [1ST

EDITION] NEW DELHI: JAYPEE

BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD.

WWW.GOOGLE.COM

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Lp Standerdized Test