rUbftenARkbxageRkA

eday taMg QinsUPI RsIþkm<úCav½yekµgmñak; EdlCaCnrs;ranmanCivitBIkar vayRbharedayTwkGasIutRKbkEnSgTTUrk,alenAeBl nageFIVdMeNIrcakecjmkeRkApÞH edIm,IbiT)aMgsMlaksñam d¾GaRkk;enAépÞmuxnag. RsIþrgeRKaHedayGasIutmñak;eTotkMBug sñak;enACamYyb¥ÚnRsI EdlCaGñkraMr)aMGbSra. RsIþTaMgBIrCaGñkrs; ranmanCivitBIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIut)aneFIV»yEPñkTaMgBIrrbs; BYkeKBikarCaerogrhUt.

r)aykarN_enHe)aHBum<eday kariyal½ykmµviFIRbqaMgnwgGMeBITaruNkmµ GgÁkar sm<½n§ExµrCMerOnnigkarBarsiTi§mnusS lIkadU Gasydæan³ pÞHelx 103 pñÚv 97 PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa> RbGb;sMbuRtepIJelx³ 499 elxTUrs½BÞ³¬855¦ 23 360 965> TUrsar³ ¬855¦ 23 217 262> GIuEml³ licadho@camnet.com.kh

matikarerOg TMB½r

1- esckIþepþIm³ 1 etIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutmanGtßn½yy:agNaEdr? 1 etIbBaðaenHmanbu:nµankrNI ehtuGVI)anCavaekIteLIgmk)an? 2 etIeKeRbIGasIutRbePTNaxøH ? 4

2- krNI]TahrN_ ³ erOgBiténkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIut 6 3- sßitiénkarvayRbharTwkGasIutdkRsg;ecjBIkaEstnana 10

etImankarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutb:unµankrNImkehIy 10 etInrNaxøHCaCnrgeRKaHedaykarvayRbharTwkGasIutenH ? 11 nrNaxøHCaCnelIµskñúgkarCHTwkGasIut ehtuGVIk¾eKeFVIy:agenH? 13 rbYssøaksñamEdlCnrgeRKaHTTYl)anedaykarrlakTwkGasIut 17

4- plb:HBal;elIragkayCnrgeRKaHedaykarrlakTwkGasIut 18 sñamrbYs 18 karBüa)al 21 esvakmµkñúgmnÞIreBTü 23

5- plvi)akepSg²eTotrbs;CnrgeRKaHedaykarrlakTwkGasIut 26 plvi)akxagpøÚvcit þ 26 CnrgeRKaH)anrgTukçevTnaCaeRcInEbby:ag 26 plvi)akxagsgÁm nigesdækic© 27

6- xagpøÚvc,ab; 31 etIRtUvpþnÞaeTasCnéddl;dUcemþc? 31 etIc,ab;RtUveKGnuvt þn_Edrb¤eT? 31 KMnitepþImc,ab;d¾mansar³sMxan; 34

7- bTBiesaFenARbeTsbg;køaEds 34 8- Ganusasn_³ 36

1-esckIþepþIm³

bUpl1nagmanGayueTIbEt 24qñaM b:ueNÑaH b:uEnþemIleTAnaghak;bIdUcCamnusSEdlkMBug TnÞwgrg;caMEtéf¶søab;mkdl; . éf¶nimYy²EdlknøgputeTACaéf¶énkarQWcab;rgTukçevTnaexøacpSa nig eBareBjeTAedayk I þGam:as;sMrab;rUbnag . bIqñaMmunenH nagRtUv)aneKykTwkGasIutBIrdbmkcak; BIelIk,al nigxøÜnR)aNrbs;nag . bc©úb,nñenH épÞmux éd nigxñgrbs;nagRKbdNþb;eTAedaysøak sñamkMBIkkMBkKRKateRKImd¾KYreGayrn§t; ehIyk,almYycMehogrbs;nagTMEBkRCuHsk;Gs; . mYy éf¶² nagBYnsm¶MyMlak;xøÜnBIBiPBelakxageRkA nagmankarP½yxøackñúgkaredIrecjeTAxageRkA . nagminTan;søa ;enAeLIyeT Etk¾KµanCiviteBjeljdUceKÉgEdr . nagEtgEt niyayR)ab;GñkEdl beTAsYrsuxTukçnagfa }\LÚvenH ´manrUbragBak;kN þalCaexµac Bak;kNþþalCamnusS . GñkEdleFVI GMeBIenHmkel;I´ ehtuem : þck¾minsmøab;´Etm þgPøameTA b¤)aj;smøab; b¤cak;smøab;´eTA ? ehtuGVI)an CaeKTukeGay´rs;enAkñúgsPaBQWcab;ya:genHeTAvij?} .

etIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutmanGtßn½yy:agNaEdr? karCHTwkGasIutCa]Rkidækmµd¾GaRkk;mYyEdlmnusS)anRbRBwt þieLIg. Cnéddl;Kµancit þcg;

smøab;CnrgeRKaHeT Etcg;TukeGayCnrgeRKaHrs;enAlM)akCagsøab;eTAeTot eBalKWeFVIeGayCn rgeRKaHrgTukçevTnaCaerogrhUt . GasIutrMlaysac; nigq¥wgrbs;mnusS bNþaleGaymankarQW cab; nigkarP½yxøac\tKNna ehIyEdlbnSl;eGayCnrgeRKaHnUvkarxUcxatragkayrUbsmäsSBI kMeNIt nigbnSl;søaksñamGs;mYyCIvit . CnrgeRKaHxøHFøak;xøÜnBikarCaerogrhUt dUcCaxVak;EPñk . karCHTwkGasIuteRcInEtCaGMeBIénkarsgswk EdlbNþalmkBIkarRbc½NÐ b¤kars¥b;ex<Im EdlekItecjmkGMBIbBaðaTMnak;TMngbuKÁl dUcCabBaðaesñhaRtIekaN b¤GaBah_BiBah_Ebk)ak; kar pitk,t; kare)aHbg;ecalCaedIm . kñúgGMeBIénkarsgswkenH Cnéddl;)anCHkMhwgeTAelICnrg eRKaH faCaGñkEdlbegáIteGaymanbBaðaxagelIenHeLIg ehtuenHCnéddl;cg;bgáeGaymanesckþI QWcab;evTnabMputTaMgpøÚvkay nigpøÚvcitþdl;CnrgeRKaH . edIm,IeGaysMerceKalbMNgenH Cnéd

1 enHminEmnCaeQµaHBitrbs;nageLIy EtKWCaeQµaHEdleRbIR)as;sMrab;lak;GtþsBaØaNBitrbs;nag .

2

dl; EtgEtCHTwkGasIutelIépÞmuxrbs;CnrgeRKaH eBalKWeKcg;bMpøajsmäsSBIkMeNItnwgeFVIeGay CnrgeRKaHmanrUbragdUcstVcEmøkm:üagEdlKµanGñkNaeKmkRsLaj;CnrgeRKaHCaerogrhUt . mUlehtuepSg²eToténkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIut ¬kñúgkrNIxøH¦ rYmmanGMeBIqk;bøn; b¤ CemøaHrvagGñkCitxag . GñkCHTwkGasIutbeBa©jskmµPaBedayectnanwgy:ageXareXA . karvayRbharedayTwk GasIutminEmnCaGMeBIEdleFVIeLIgedaysarkarxwgmYyqabenaHeTEtCnéddl;RtUverobcMEpnkarvay RbharmYydUcCakarrkeRtomTwkGasIut karykGasIutCab;tamxøÜnedaysuvtßiPaBnwgrg;caM»kasCH TwkGasIutdak;elICnrgeRKaH . sMrab;CnrgeRKaHvij karCHTwkGasIutKWCaRbePTénGMeBITaruNkmµmYyEdlTTYlkarQWcab; KµanTIbBa©b;¬minGacbBa©b;edaygayeLIy¦ehIyCakarxUcxatrUbragkaynwgbnSl;rbYssøaksañmGs;mYyCivit RBmCamYyKñaenHEdr CnrgeRKaHTTYlrgTukçevTna QWcab;bNþalmkBIbBaðaepSg² eTotKµanéf¶RsakRsanþesaHeLIy . BYkCnrgeRKaHTaMgenHrs;enAkñúgsPaBesakesA manGarmµN_ faxøÜn)at;témøGs;CamnusS manTukçuukgVl; nigPaBGam:as;Cab;xøÜnCaRbcaM . BYkeKGackøayeTACaCn Éeka sm¶Mlak;xøÜnedaysarkarP½yxøac karsMLk;sMLwg karesIccMGk b¤kareBbRCayepSg²bNþa lmkBImUlehtuénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIut . CnrgeRKaHGacnwgmin)anerobGaBah_BiBah_ b¤ minGacmankUnecAtBUCBgSvgSRtkUl ehIysUm,IEtbMeBjkargargay² dUcCaeTApSarTijGIv:an;Gac CaerOgGam:as; b¤CaerOgKYreGayP½yxøacsMrab;BYkeK . BYkeKGacnwg)at;bg;lT§PaBeFVIkar b¤RtUv )aneKbdiesFminpþl;kargareFVI- dUecñHBYkeKnwgrs;enAkñúgsPaBTurKtCnénkarts‘UedIm,I)anrs; . KµanGñkNamñak;smnwgTTYlrgkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutenaHeT . CnrgeRKaHminRtUv TTYlkareBbRCay b¤sþIbenÞasenaHeT . BYkeKRtUvkarkarBüa)alevC¢saRsþ nigCMnYyedIm,Iksag Civitrbs;BYkeKeLIgvij ehIynwgKYrEtGacRbkbkargar eronsURt nigTTYl)annUv»kasepSg² dUc CamnusSpgTaMgBYgEdr . ÉCnéddl;vij RtUvEtcab;mkpþnÞaeTastamc,ab; edIm,Ipþl;yutþiFm’dl;Cn rgeRKaH nigedIm,ICaskçIPaBénkarCYyrMElkTukçevTna nigkarQWcab;rbs;CnrgeRKaH .

etIbBaðaenHmanbu:nµankrNI ehtuGVI)anCavaekIteLIgmk)an? ya:gehacNas; k¾man 44 krNIénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutkñúgRbeTskm<úCaRtUv)an

eKraykarN_kñúgry³eBlbIqñaMmun edayKitmkTl;nwgExviciäka qñaM 2002knøgeTA EdlkñúgenaH manmnusS 60nak;)anrgrbYs nig3nak;)ansøab; . enHmann½yfa CamFümmankarvayRbhar edayTwkGasIutmYykrNIerogral; 25éf¶. GgÁkarlIkadU )ancgRkgsßitienHecjBIesckþIraykarN_

3

tamkaEstEtb:ueNÑaH ÉtYelxBitR)akdenaHGacx<s;CagenHeTAeTot eRBaHfakaEstk¾minGacray karN_ b¤cuHpSayral;krNIénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutenaHTaMgGs;eT . RbmaNCamYyPaKbI énCnrgeRKaHedaykarvayRbharTwkGasIut KWrgeRKaHedayécdnü . enHKWedaysarTwkGasIutCa GavuFmYy)acsac EdlGaceFVIeGayrgeRKaHkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarvayRbharenaH GñkEdlQrEk,r² TIenaHTTYlrgeRKaHedayGectna . ]TahrN_kumarBIrnak;)anTTYlrgeRKaHy:agF¶n;F¶rkñúg]b,tiþ ehtuCHTwkGasIutmYyEdlbNþaleGaymþayrbs;kumarTaMgBIrnak;enaHsøab; . kñúgkrNImYyeTot RsþImñak;)anCHTwkGasIutelIbþIrbs;nag EtTwkGasIutenaH)anCHRtUvkUnGayuR)aMqñaMrbs;nagpgEdr .

eKaledAPaKeRcInénkarvayRbharTwkGasIutKWRsþI Etbursk¾CaeKaledAénkarvayluk edayectnapgEdr . CnRbRBwtþbTelµIsCHTwkGasIutmanTaMgburs nigmanTaMgRsþIpgEdr .

karvayRbharPaKeRcIn)aneFVIeLIgedaysarmanbBaða b¤CMelaHTak;TgnwgRKYsar b¤buKÁl. mUlehtuTUeTAénkarvayRbharKW ³

RbBn§CHTwkGasIutelIRsIkMNan; b¤RbBn§cugrbs;bþIxøÜn ³ CakarsgswknigkarbMpøajrUb smösSrbs;CnrgeRKaH edIm,IeGaybþIrbs;xøÜnElgRsLaj;RsITaMgenaHteTAeTot .

bþICHTwkGasIutdak;RbBn§rbs;xøÜn b¤GtItRbBn§rbs;xøÜn ³ edIm,ICaTNÐkmµdl;BYkRsIþTaMg enaHkñúgbTEdlBYkeKRtUv)anbþIecaTRbkan;fa)aneFVIkMhusqÁg b¤PaBminesµaHRtg; b¤k¾ edaysarkarRbc½NÐ b¤kMhwgekItecjBIkarEckpøÚv b¤karElglHKña .

mUlehtuénkarCHTwkGasIutmYyeTotEdlminsUvTUeTA Etk¾CarUbPaBénkarvayRbharmYyd¾ sMxan;EdrenaH KWRbBn§CHTwkGasIutmkelIb Iþrbs;xøÜn edaysarb þIenaH)anvaydM eFVI)ab rMelaPpøÚvePT RbRBwtþGMeBIhigSadak;nag . enH)anbgðajeGayeXIjnUverOgr:avGacekItecjmkenAeBlEdleK min)anbBaÄb;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar)an ehIyTnÞwmKñaenaH CnrgeRKaHmanGarmµN_faxøÜnKµanviFINa epSgeRkAEtBICHTwkGasIutedIm,IkarBarxøÜn. karCHTwkGasIutEsþ geGayeXIjnUvbBaðaF¶n;F¶rkñúg sgÁmCati nigsgÁmRKYsarExµr . bJsKl;énbBaðaTaMgLayénkareRbITwkGasIutvayRbharKñaenH rYm manGMeBIhigSa nigbBaðasgÁmQandl;kMritx<s;mYykñúgsgÁmkm<úCa ehIynigkarrIkraldalFMeLIg énkarRbkan;erIseGIgcMeBaHRs þIePT . kt þas®gÁamGUsbnøayrab;TsvtSr× karRbl½yBUCsasn_ nigPaBRkIRk)anbMpøajsIlFm’ sgÁm bMpøajeKalkarrbs;RBHBuT§sasna nigtémøsgÁmRKYsarmnusS ehIypÞúymkvijkt þaTaMgenH naMmknUvGMeBIhigSa nig]RkidækmµepSg²kñúgsgÁmeTAvij . mnusSCaeRcIn)aneRbIR)as;GMeBIhigSaCa meFüa)ayedIm,IedaHRsaybBaða b¤TMnas;rbs;BYkeK . GMeBIhigSaCaerOgFmµtamYykñúgsgÁmRKYsar km<úCa ehIyk¾dUcCabBaðasgÁmmYycMnYneTotEdr dUcCakarRsvwgxYb CemøaHecjBIGaBah_BiBah_ GMeBIsahaysµn;k¾eTACaerOgFmµtaenAkñúgsgÁmEdr . bursmYycMnYnvaydMRcMFak;RbBn§rbs;xøÜn b¤

4

lYcmanRsIkMNan; b¤RbBn§cugeRcInnak; . RsþICaRbBn§manGMNactictYcNas;minGaceGayBYkeK bBaÄb;TegVIGsIlFm’rbs;b þInagTaMgenH)an b¤k¾minGacTamTarrkyut þiFm’sMrab;xøÜnnag)aneLIy . sßitkñúgsßanPaBenH eKk¾eRCIserIsykviFICHTwkGasIutCMnYseGaymeFüa)aysn þiviFI b¤meFüa)ay Rsbc,ab;edIm,IbBa©b ;nUvkarQñanIs kMhwg b¤BüayamrkkaredaHRsaybBaðarbs;eKenaHeLIy . kt þaepSg²eTotEdlnaMdl;karvayRbharTwkGasIutenaHrYmman GasIutCaGavuFmYyEdlman témøefak gayrkTij)an niggayeRbIR)as;eTotpg ebIeRbobeTAnwgkaMePøIg kaMbit b¤RKab;Ebk . bBaðamYyeTot KWPaBTn;exSayénneya)ayRKb;RKg nigRbB½n§tulakarBukrlYy KµanRbsiT§iPaB b¤bM Bak;eTAedayFnFankgVHsmtßPaBRKb;RKan; CamUlehtueFVIeGayGñkCHTwkGasIut nigBYk]RkidæCn epSg²manlT§PaBeKcecjBIrgVg;GMNacc,ab;)anedaygay . CaBiessKWBYkCnGñkmanluykak; b¤GMNacxøaMgCagCnrgeRKaHenaH . RbsinebICnelµIsminRtUv)aneKdak;eTaseTenaH vaCakt þamYy CYyCMrujeGaymnusSEdlmanbMNgrMelaPc,ab;Kitfa BYkeKk¾GacRbRBwt þbT]RkidædUceKÉg)anEdr ehIyk¾TTYl)annUvnirTNÐPaBdUceKÉgpgEdr . ebIKµanviFankarmWugm:at;cMeBaHGñkCHTwkGasIuteTenaH krNICHTwkGasIutRbEhlCanwgekIn eLIg ehIykarCHTwkGasIutk¾nwgekIneLIgedaysarekItecjBImUlehtuepSg²eRcIny:ag . dUceK )aneXIjrYcCaeRscmkehIyfa minEmnbBaðaRKYsarEtmYyb:ueNÑaHeTEdlQaneTAdl;karCHTwkGa sIutdak;KñaenaH . mankrNImYycMnYnénkarCHTwkGasIutekItecjmkBIGMeBIbøn; b¤CMelaHbuKÁlEdl minTak;TgTal;EtesaHeTAnwgbBaðaRKYsar . tamBt’manecjBIevC¢bNÐittambN þamnÞIreBTümYycM nYnfa BYkKat;)anCYbkrNICHTwkGasIutxøHmankarBak;B½n§eTAnwgerOgCMelaHvivaTdIFøI b¤kmµsiT§i . RbeTskm<úCaKYrEteronsURtEsVgyl;emeronBIRbeTsd¾éT dUcCa RbeTsbg;køaedsCaedIm edaysarEt Kµankardak;eTasdl;CnelµIsesaHenaHehIy)anCakñúgb:unµanqñaMcugeRkayenH GMeBIhigSa énkarCHTwkGasIutenH)anekIneLIgya:gxøaMgkøa . enAeBlEdlkarCHTwkGasIutkøayeTACaerOgFmµ takñúgsgÁmbg;køaedsenaH ehIyEdlnaMeGayRbePTénCnrgeRKaH nigmUlehtuénkarCHTwkGasuIt ekIncMnYneLIg . kalBIRKamunenH eKCHTwkGasIuteTAelIEtRs þIBIsMNak;BYkbursEdlRbc½NÐ b¤mankM hwgeTAelIRs IþTaMgenaH . \LÚvenHmanCag 30PaKryénCnrgeRKaHCabursePT ehIykrNICMelaH dIFøI KWCamUlehtucm,gbMputénkarCHTwkGasIut .

etIeKeRbIGasIutRbePTNaxøH ? GñkCHTwkGasIutPaKeRcIneRbIR)as;GasIuts‘ulPYric b¤GasIutnIRTic EdlCaGasIutxøaMgbMput EdlGacsIurMlayEs,k sac;dMu rhUtdl;q¥wgmnusSeTotpg .

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GasIuts‘ulPYricCaGasIutmYy EdleKniymeRbIedaysarvaCaRbePTGasIutmYyEdleKeRbI R)as;sMrab;cak;GaKuyLan nigm:UtU . GasIutenAkñúgGaKuyCaGasIutl,aylay vamanlayTwkBI 70 eTA 80 PaKry dUcenHvaCaGasIutmYyexSay nwgmanRbtikmµyWtkalNavab:HelIEs,kmnusS eyIg . GñkCHTwkGasIutRtUvkarGasIutNaEdlxøaMgCagGasIutcak;GaKuyenH eBalKWGasIuts‘ulPYric em . GasIuts‘ulPYricemmandak;taMglk;kñúgTIRkugPñMeBjkñúgtémøRbEhl 3>000 erolkñúgmYy lIRt rIÉGasIutravsMrab;cak;GaKuyvijmantémø 500 eTA 600 erolkñúgmYylIRt . CYnkalGa sIuts‘ulPYricRtUveKykmkeRbIR)as;sMrab;layeFVICaTwkexµHpgEdr eTaHCaGaCJaFrxagsuxmalPaB )anbRgáabelIkareRbIR)as;TwkexµHEbbenHEdlnaMeGayxUcsuxPaBdl;GñkTTYlTank¾eday b¤CYnkal eToteKeRbIGasIuts‘ulPYricemenH edIm,IrMlayvtßúEdlenAkksÞHkñúgbMBg;lUpøasÞIksMrab;bgðÚrTwk . kñúgRbeTskm<úCa CagmaseRbIR)as;GasIutnIRTicsMrab;bnSúTmas cMraj;masecjGMBIR)ak; nigelah³FatuepSg²eTot . GasIutnIRTiclk;kñúgtémøRbEhl 6>000 erolkñúgmYylIRt . GasIutmYyRbePTeTot EdlGñkCHTwkGasIutFøab;)aneRbIR)as;EdrenaH KWGasIutkørIRTic Et GasIutRbePTenHminsUv)anGñkCHTwkGasIutniymeRbICaTUeTAenaHeT . kñúgRbeTskm<úCa eKeRbIR)as; GasIutRbePTenHsMrab;dusxat;eRKOgGl½gáaeGayfµI ehIyGasIutenHk¾RtUv)aneKykmkeRbIR)as; sMrab;eFVITwksIuGIuv nigsMrab;EkéqñGnupléRBeQI ¬sarFatuBN’elOgEdlmankñúgvløiremot¦ edIm,IeFVI CaeRKOgsMGagnwgeFVICa»sfburaN . GasIutkørIRTic nigGasIuts‘ulPYricRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;eday xusc,ab;sMrab;plitfñaMejonGMehVVtamIn EdleKeCOfaRbePTfñaMeRKOgejonenHekItmaneLIgenAkñúgRb eTskm<úCa . kñúgedImqñaM2000 knøgeTAenH salaRkugPñMeBj)ancat;viFankarkarBarkMueGaymankarvay RbharedayTwkGasIut )anecjbBa¢aeGayGaCJaFrmansmtßkic©RBmandl;Gñklk;TwkGasIutkMueGay lk;GasIutemeTAGñkTij elIkElgEtGñkTijEdlmanGaCJab½NÑ ehIyEdlykGasIutenHeTAsMrab; bMerImuxCMnYjrbs;BYkeK . EtbMramenHminRtUv)aneKGnuvt þeGaymanRbsiT§iPaBenaHeT ehIyGñkCH TwkGasIutenAEtrkTij)anGasIutemykmkeRbIR)as;edIm,IsMercbMNgGaRkk;rbs;xøÜndEdl . m©as;haglk;GaKuymYyenAkñúgRkugPñMeBj)anniyayfakñúgmYyGaTitü ya:gehacNas; manmnusSBIBIr eTAbInak;EdrmksYrrkTijGasIutemEdlminTan;layTwk. m©as;hagenaH)anniyay bEnßmeTotfa Kat;dwgfaBYkeKcg;ykGasIutenHeTAeRbIR)as;kñúgbMNgGaRkk; dUecñHKat;bdiesF minlk;TwkGasIutenaHeGayeT. b:uEnþ minEmnRKb;EtGñklk;TwkGasIutTaMgGs;KitBicarNafa etIGñk NaxøH BYkKat;KYrlk;TwkGasIuteGay b¤BYkeKykTwkGasIuteTAeRbIR)as;kñúgeKalbMNgGVIenaHeT .

6

2-krNI]TahrN_ ³ erOgBiténkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIut

enAéf¶mYynaEx ]sPa qñaM 2002m þay)anR)ab;eTAkUnRbusGayu13qñaMrbs;Kat;eGayCiH m:UtUeTACamYyKat;eTAPUmiEk,renaH . Rs þICamþayenaH EdlmanyYrdbTwkRkUcpøasÞicmYyenAnwgédpg enaH )anmksMkukrg;caMCamYykUnRbusrbs;Kat;enACitkUnpÞHCYlmYy . RsIþekµgmanépÞeBaH8Ex)an edIrecjBIkñúgpÞHCYlenaHmkeRkArkemIlTijEpøeQIRtaM Edlmandak;lk;enAkñúgtUbEk,rkUnpÞHCYl enaH . rMeBcenaHRs þICam þay)anhucdbTwkRkUcEdlKat;yYrenAnwgédenaHeGayeTAkUnRbusrbs;Kat; edaycg¥úleTARs þIekµgEdlmanépÞeBaH8ExenaH . kUnRbus)anGnuvtþtamGVIEdlmþayrbs;xøÜn)an R)ab; KWeK)anrt;sMedAeTArkRs þImanépÞeBaHenaH ehIyCHTwkGasIutsMedAeTArképÞmuxrbs;nag Edl TwkGasIut)aneRsacRsBeBjépÞmuxrbs;nagnwg)acsaceTARtUvéd nigépÞeBaHrbs;nag . eRkayBI CHcb;sBVRKb;ehIykUnRbusenaHrt;mkrkm:UtUEdlmanm þayrbs;xøÜnGgÁúycaMenAelIenaH CaeRscrYc ehIyCiHecjeTAPøam . kUnRbusenaHminR)akdCa)andwgEdr b¤Gt;dwgfavtßúravenAkñúgdbTwkRkUcenaH KWCaTwkGasIut . m þayrbs;ekµgRbusenaH)aneRbIR)as;kUnrbs;xøÜnsMrab;vayRbharRsIkMNan;rbs;b þ I xøÜnedayectna. eRkayBImU:tU)annaMykBIrnak;m þaykUnecjputeTA bnSl;TuknUvRsIekµgrgeRKaHenaH ERskRTehayMedaykarQWcukcab;edaysarGasIut)ansIucUldl;sac;rbs;nag. épÞmuxrbs;nag)an rlakeLIgBN’’exµAeral ehIyEPñk nigRtecokmçagrbs;nagRtUvTwkGasIutsIudac;)at;Pøam. eBlenaH eKeXIjm þayrbs;narIrgeRKaHecjmkCYykUnRsIrbs;Kat; edayehArkm:UtUDúbeGayykkUnKat;eTA kan;mnÞIreBTüCabnÞan; . erOgr:avénkarCHTwkGasIut)ancab;ep þImkalBIBIrqñaMmun eBlnagesaPa2manGayueTIbEt18 qñaM ehIyEdlkalenaHnagbMerIkarCaRsIGñklk;RsaeborkñúgePaC¢nIydæanmYy . nag)ansÁal;nwgcg mit þPaBCamYyGñkrt;mU:tUDúbmñak;manGayu 34qñaM EdlEtgEtmkdwknageTAmkBIpÞHCYlrbs;nagmk kEnøgeFVIkarCaeTogTat; . esaPa)anerobrab;R)ab;Gñkrt;mU:tUDubenaHnUverOgra:vs þIBIPaBRkIRkrbs;RKY sarnagenAext þéRBEvg EdlPaBRkIRkenH)anbgçMeGaynagmkeFVIkarCaRsIlk;Rsaeborkñúgext þkMBg; cam . bursrt;mU:tUDubenaH eRkayBIsþþab;erOgr:avrbs;nagehIy k¾eBalfaKat;mankarGaNitGasUr 2 esaPaminEmnCaeQµaHBitrbs;nageT enHRKan;EtCaeQµaHeRbIR)as;edIm,Ilak;Gt þsBaØaNBitrbs;nag .

7

nagxøaMgNas; . eRkaymkbursenaHkarep IþmTMnak;TMngCamYynagesaPa eTaHCabursenaH)anerob karrYcehIyRBmTaMgmankUnRbus-RsIBIrnak;eTotk¾eday . sm<½n§PaBenHmanGayukalCitBIrqñaMmuneBlEbkkarN_dl;RbBn§bursenaH . nagCaRbBn§ enaH)anR)ab;eGaybursCabþInagbBa©b;cMNgesñhaCamYynagesaPa EtbursCabþImin)anpþac;karTak; TgCamYynageLIy eBalKWTaMgbursCabþI nignagesaPa)anbnþTMnak;TMngesñharbs;BYkeKdUcsBV mYydg . eRkayBInagesaPamanépÞeBaH nag nigbursenaH)anBRgt;KñaeTArs;enATIq¶ayÉextþéRBEvg bYnExeRkaymk bgb¥ÚnxagRbBn§rbs;bursenaH)anmktamrkBYkeKeXIj ehIy)anR)ab;eGayburs enaHRtLb;eTAextþkMBg;camrYmrs;CamYyRbBn§rbs;Kat;vij . bursenaHk¾)anvilRtLb;eTArs;enA CamYyRbBn§rbs;Kat;vij . RsbeBlenaHEdrnagesaPak¾)ancakecjBIextþéRBEvgmkrs;enAkñúg TwkdIextþkMBg;camvijEdr . fVIt,itEtbursenaHmkrs;enACamYyRbBn§Kat;k¾BitEmn EtKat;enAbnþTM nak;TMngesñhaCamYynagesaPaedaylYclak;enAkñúgpÞHCYlrbs;nag .

enAéf¶TI 24 Ex]sPa qñaM2002 nagCaRbBn§)anrkeXIjlMenAdæanCYlrbs;nagesaPa ehIyEfmTaMg)aneXIjbþIrbs;Kat;enAkñúgpÞHenaHCamYyKñaeTot . eXIjdUcenaHnagCaRbBn§xwgxøaMg Nas;k¾THnagesaPamYykMePøóg EdlkalenaHnagesaPakMBugmanépÞeBaH 8Ex . bþIEdlenAkñúgpÞH enaHEdr k¾pÞúHkMhwgeLIglayLM nigPaBGama:s;pgk¾THkMePøógRsþIRbBn§edImenaHvij . nagCaRbBn§ enaHk¾)anedIrecj)at;eTA . éf¶bnÞab;mkbursCabþI)anvilRtLb;mkpÞHRbBn§edImrbs;xøÜnvij . nagCaRbBn§edImenaH ERskLÚLasþIbenÞasdl;Kat; EtbursenaHmineGIeBIeLIy eBalKWbursenaHedIrecjeTAelgbukb‘Íy:a CamYyGñkCitxagKat;eFVIRBegIy . naeBléf¶Rtg;énéf¶enaH bgRbuusrbs;Kat;rt;mkR)ab;Kat;fanag esaPaRtUv)aneKykTwkGasIutmkCHeRsacelIxøÜnnagehIy . eRkayBIkarvayRbharenaHmk nagesaPaRtUv)aneKnaMeTAkan;mnÞIreBTü ÉRbBn§edIm nigkUn RbusGayu 13qñaMrbs;Kat;RtUv)anb:UlIsXat;xøÜnTuk . kñúgGMLúgeBlénkarXMuxøÜnenH RbBn§edImman bBaðasuxPaBk¾RtUv)anb:UlIsbBa¢ÚnnageTAkan;mnÞIreBTüextþEdlCaTIkEnøgEdlnagesaPakMBugsMrak Büa)alEdr EtBYkeKTaMgBIrnak;enHsñak;enAbnÞb;xusKña . éf¶bnÞab;mkeTot b:UlIs)anbBa¢ÚnkrNICHTwkGasIutenHeTAtulakarextþ . tulakark¾)ansYr cMelIyCnCab;sgS½yenaH EtedaybBaðasuxPaBRsþICaRbBn§edImenaHerIeLIgvijRtUvtularGnuBaØat eGayRtLb;eTAsMrakeBTüvij ÉkUnRbusenaHRtUv)anbBa¢ÚnxøÜneTAkan;mnÞIrXMuXaMgCabeNþaHGasnñ . «Bukrbs;RbBn§edIm)anCYlemFavIenAextþkMBg;cammñak;. emFavIenHnwgbþIrbs;Cnéddl; ¬Ca GñkEdlbegáItcMNgesñh_CamYynagesaPa¦)aneTAbBa©úHbBa©ÚlmþaynagesaPaeGaydkBakübNþwg

8

ecjBItulakarvij edayeKyl;RBmsgsMNgBüa)al . mþaynagesaPa)anTTYlR)ak;100duløa mþg nigmþgeTot 100>000erol . mRnþItulakarryl;RBmeGaydkBakübNþwgenaH eTaHbICac,ab; min)anGnuBaØateGaykrNIRBhµTNÐGacRtUvedaHRsay)antamry³karRBmeRBogKñaeRkApøÚvtulakark¾eday . enAéf¶TI 12 Ex mifuna qñaM 2002 ekµgRbusGayu 13qñaMEdl)anCHTwkGasIutelInagesaPa RtUv)anedaHElgecjBIBn§naKar.mþayrbs;ekµgRbusenH)annaMeK nigb¥ÚnRsIrbs;eKpøas;eTAenATI kEnøgfµImYyeTot . esaPa)ansMrakeBTüGs;ry³eBl7s)þah_. RcmuHnagRtUvGasIutsIurelHrlYy)at;TaMgRsug EPñknagTaMgsgxagxaVk;CaerogrhUt ÉRtecoksþaMrbs;nagvijesÞIrEtRtUvGasIutsIuGs;TaMgRsug . muxrbs;nagk¾dUcCasµasþaM nigédeBareBjeTAedaysøaksñamGaRkk;KYreGayxøac . R)aMmYys)þah_eRkayBIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutenaHmk nagesaPa)anRbsUtTarika mYy . nagesaPaminGacemIleXIjmuxkUnRsIrbs;nageT nagmanEtykédeTAsÞabrab;Rmaméd RmameCIgnwgsÞabrkemIlEPñk RcmuH nigmat;rbs;kUnRsInag edIm,IemIleGaydwgfakUnnagmanrUb rageBjeljCamnusSdUceKÉgEdr . eRBaHnagRBYy)armÖfaTwkGasIuutenaHGacmanplb:HBal;dl; kUnrbs;nag EtTarkenHTMngdUcCaminGIeT . nagesaPa)anemIlEfTaMkUnrbs;nagedayykcitþTuk dak; nigedaykþIRsLaj;fñak;fñm nagbIbMeBrkUnrbs;nagkñúgrgVg;édrbs;nagTaMgeTVr . EtKYreGay GasUrnagNas; suPmgÁltUcmYyEdlnageTIbEt)anTTYlenHmin)ansßitesßrCamYynageT. bYnéf¶ eRkaymk buRtIsMNb;citþrbs;nagekþAxøÜny:agxøaMg RBmTaMgRbkac; rYcehIyk¾lacakelakenHeTA . KµanGñkNaeK)andwgBImUlehtuBitR)akdénkarsøab;rbs;TarikaenHenAeLIyeT . eRkayeBlcakecjBImnÞIreBTümk nagesaPa)anRtLb;mkrs;enACamYymþaybegáItrbs; nagvij . mþaynagCaRsþIemm:ayrs;enAkñúgpÞHCYlmYy . mnÞIreBTü)anTarR)ak;éføQñÜlBüa)al BInagesaPatémø 200>000erolEtedayemIleXIjfaRKYsarnagRkIRkxøaMgeBkmnÞIreBTük¾)anelIk ElgminykR)ak;BInageT . EteTaHCaya:genHk¾eday mþayrbs;nagesaPa)ancMNayR)ak;Gs; 500>000 erolrYcCaeRscEdrkñúgkarTijfñaMmkBüa)alnagenAkñúgmnÞIreBTü . mkdl;pÞHvijmþay nag nignagesaPaRbwgRtdrrs;y:agRtdabRtdYs . nagesaPaBwgEp¥kTaMgRsugelImþayrbs;nag kñúgkarrkR)ak;mkTijGahar nigsMrab;cMNayepSg²eTotCaehtueFVIeGayR)ak;sMNgEdl)anTTYl BICnéddl;mkenaHGs;y:agqab;rh½s . R)ak;cMNUlEdlrk)anBIkarlk;cahYyEkvrbs;mþaynag esaPamancMnYntictYcminRKb;RKan;sMrab;RTRTg;CIvPaBRKYsarnageT . bþIrbs;Cnéddl;)anmkenAkMdrnagesaPaRKaEdlnagsñak;enAkñúgmnÞIreBTü eRkaymk)an mkenAkMdrnagmYyry³xøIeToteRkayBInag)ancakecjBImnÞIreBTü . bursenaH)anniyayR)ab;eK

9

Égfa Kat;dwgfasac;jatixagRbBn§edImKat;nwgminGFüaRs½yeGayKat;eLIy . Kat;bEnßmeTotfa \LÚvenHKat;KµanGVICab;nwgxøÜnenaHeT ehIyk¾minTan;dwgfaKat;RtUvrs;enAedayrebobNaEdr . RbBn§edImrbs;Kat; nig«Bukrbs;nag)anRbmUlykrbs;rbrsBVsareBIrTaMgGs;enAkñúgpÞH enAeBl EdlBYkeK)anpøas;pÞHeTAenATIkEnøgfµI . bursCab þIGacnwg)at;bg;sMbkpÞHnigdIEdlsg;pÞHenaHeday sarkarrwbGUsénkarCMBak;bMNulFnaKareGsIulIda EdlRKYsarKat;)anx©IykmkRbkbmuxrbrxñat tUcmYy.bursenaH)ansMercfamksñak;enACamYynagesaPa ehIyedIrrkkargareFVIEtKat;)armÖfaPaB Gt;XøannwgGacCMrujeGayKat;køayeTACaecarbøn; b¤ecarlYck¾fa)an . bYnExeRkayBIkarCHTwkGasIutenaHmk m þayrbs;nagesaPa)anCUnnagmkkan;mnÞIreBTüPñM eBj edIm,ItamdanemIlkarvHrbs;nagbnþ eBlenaHm þayrbs;nagk¾)anTuknagecaledayKat;rt; tammit þRbusfµIrbs;Kat; . m þayrbs;nag nigmitþþRbusrbs;Kat;enaH)anmkpÞHCYlrbs;nagEdlenA ext þkMBg;cam ehIyRbmUlykRTBüsm,t þikñúgpÞHTaMgGs; ehIynaMKñaeTArs;enAkñúgext þéRBEvg)at; eTA . BIrExeRkaymk m þayrbs;nagesaPa)anCHTwkGasIutelImit þRbusrbs;Kat; eRkayBIBYkeK)an eQøaHRbEkkTas;ETgKñamk . CaP½BVsMNagTwkGasIutEdlm þþaynag)anykmkeRbIenaHCaRbePT GasIutexSayEdleKeRbIsMrab;cak;GaKuy ehtuenHvamin)aneFVIeGaymit þRbusKat;xVak;EPñk b¤bgárbYs GVIF¶n;F¶renaHeT . xagb:UlIsmanbMNgcg;cab;Xat;xøÜnm þaynag EtmitþRbusrbs;mþþaynag)ansMu GgVrkuMeGayb:UlIscab;xøÜnKat ;GI . TIbBa©b;m þaynag)anvilmkrYmrs;CamYynagesaPa nigbþþIrbs;Cnéddl;Edl)anCHTwkGa sIutdak;nag EdlkMBugrs;enAkMdrnagnaRkugPñMeBjkñúgxN³eBlEdlm þayrbs;nagrt;ecaleTArs; enACamYymit þRbusrbs;Kat;enAÉextþéRBEvg . edaymankarCYyKaMRTBIGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al mYy)anCYlpÞHtUcmYy edIm,IeGaynagesaPasñak;enAbeNþaHGasnñ . Etm©as;pÞHCYlrbs;nagenaH mak;gaynagNas;nwg)anedIrxSwbexSóvniyayedImnag edaysarEtnag)anrgeRKaHedaykarCHTwk GasIut . nagk¾)ancakecjeTArs;enApÞHCYlmYyeTot Edlm©as;pÞHeRkayenHmancit þGaNitGasUr dl;rUbnagxøHEdr . nagesaPa)anrs;RbQmmuxnwgTukçevTnarYmTaMgkareRskXøan . nagRtUveronrs;kñúgPB ggwtGn§kareRkayBInag)an)at;bg;EPñkTaMgKUrbs;nagmk ehIyCamYyKñaenHmuxmat;nageBareBj eTAedaysøaksñamGaRkk;KYreGayxøac. edaysarTukçRBYy nigPaBGs;sgÇwmBImYyéf¶eTAmYyéf¶ nagGgÁúysMrk;TwkEPñk\tQb;QreLIy . nagminTan;dwgfa etInagRtUvrs;enAy:agdUcem þ:cenaHeT .

10

3- sßitiénkarvayRbharTwkGasIutdkRsg;ecjBIkaEstnana

etImankarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutb:unµankrNImkehIy

ya:gehacNas;k¾mankarvayRbharTwkGasIut 44 krNI EdlRtUv)aneKraykarN_tam sarBt’mankñúgRsuk kñúgry³eBlbIqñaMKitcab;BIEx Fñ ÚqñaM 1999 mkTl;Ex vicäikaqñaM20023 .

karvayRbharenAPñMeBj)anekIteLIg 24krNI enAextþkMBg;cam 7krNI enAextþkN þal 4 krNI enAextþé®BEvg 2krNI enAextþ)at;dMbg 2krNI nwgenAextþkMBg;qñaMg kMBg;FM esomrab RkugRBHsIhnu kMBg;s<W ekItman 1krNIkñúgext þnimYy² . cMnYnénkarvayRbharTwkGasIut KNnakñúgxñatmFümral;eBl 6 Ex sMrab;GMLúgeBlCag bIqñaM )anykmkbkRsaybgðajCUntamtaragxageRkamenH4 .

RkahViktagcMnYnénkarvayRbharTwkGasIut B IExFñÚ 1999 dl; Exv icäika 2002

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FñÚ 1999 - ]sPa2000

mifuna-vicäika2000

FñÚ 2000 -]sPa 2001

kkáda-vicäika2001

FñÚ 2001 -]sPa 2002

mifuna-vicäika2002

3 GgÁkarlIkadU)ancab;ep þImkt;RtakarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutecjBIkarcuHpSayelIsarBt’mankñúgRsukBIr KWkaEstrsµIkm<úCa nigekaHsnþ iPaB cab;BIExFñÚqñaM1999 kñugr)aykarN_+enH B’tmanbEnßms þIkarvayRbharTwkGasIutenH )anRtUvdkRsg;ecjGMBIRbPBkaEstepSg² b¤BIkarRsavRCavesIubGegátpÞal;rbs;GgÁkarlIkadU . 4 RkahVuikxagelIenH minrab;bBa©ÚlkarvayRbharBIrelIk Edl)anekIteLIgkñúgEx tula nigvicäika qñaM1999 edaysarkrNITaMgBIrenHminmanraykarN_ enAkñúgsarBt’manluHdl;eRkayExFñÚ qñaM1999 .

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tamkarbgðajkñúgRkahVikxagelI manesck IþrayN_GMBIkarvayRbharCaeRcInekIteLIgkñúg Ex FñÚ 1999 nig ]sPa 2000 EdlmancMnYnvayRbharsrubcMnYn 15elIk RtUvnwg35 PaKry én karvayRbharsrubEdleK)anraykarN_kñúgry³eBlbIqñaM. karvayRbhar 6 dg énkarvayRbhar xagelI)anekIteLIgkñúgEx FñÚ qñaM1999 EdlCacMnYnénkarvayRbharx<s;bMputEtkñúgry³eBlmYyEx kñúgGMLúgeBlbIqñaMxagelI .

eKminTan;)andwgeGayBitR)akdnUvmUlehtuEdlnaMeGaymankarvayRbhard¾eRcInEbbenH kñúgry³eBlenaHeLIy . EtTMngfavaGacmankarTak;TgbnÞab;eTAnwgehtukarvayRbharedayTwk GasiIutelIGñkcMerogkara:GUex eQµaH tat ma:rINa EdlRtUv)anekIteLIgkñúgéf¶ TI 5 ExFñÚ qñaM 1999 enaHEdr . karvayRbharelIkBaØa tat ma:rINa enHRtUv)anelcB¤ya:gsuHsay ehIyCnéddl; nig GñkpSMKMnitkñúgkarvayRbharenHminRtUv)anXat;xøÜn b¤naMmktulakaredIm,Ivinicä½yeTasenAeLIy . Etk¾CakarTMngmYyEdr EdlfacMnYnénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutmin)anekIneLIg eRkayBIkrNI nag tat ma:rINaenH b¤edaysarGñksarBt’manminsUvmankarcab;GarmµN_dUcmunehIyRtLb;eTAcuH pSaykrNIepSg²vij . eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eKenAEtGacsnñidæan)anfa krNIrbs;nag tat ma:rI Na enHBitCarYmcMENkdl;karekIneLIgénkarvayRbharTwkGasIut edaysarmnusSPaKeRcInemIl eXIjKMrUenHfa karCHTwkGasIutdak;KñaminbNþaleGaymaneTaséBr_GVItampøÚvc,ab;enaH)anCMruj eGayBYkeKh‘anRbRBwtþGMeBI]RkidæCHTwkGasIutdak;KñabnþtamKMrUdUceBalmkxagelI.

etInrNaxøHCaCnrgeRKaHedaykarvayRbharTwkGasIutenH ? manmnusSsrub 63 nak; )anrgeRKaHedaykarCHTwkGasIutkñúgry³eBlbIqñaMknøgmkenH

EdlkñúgcMeNamenaHmanCnrgeRKaH 31nak;Caburs nig 30nak;eTotCaRsþI ehIyman 2nak;eTot sarBt’manmin)anbBa¢ak;GMBIePTrbs;CnrgeRKaHenaHeT .

ya:gehacNas;k¾manCnrgeRKaH 18nak;Edr ¬RtUvCa 29PaKry¦ EdlminEmnCaeKaledA énkarvayRbhar EtRtUv)anTTYlrgeRKaHedayécdnü . BYkeKKWCamitþPkþi b¤RkumRKYsarCnrgeRKaH nigCaGñkrt;m:UtUDubEdlkMBugEtDubCnrgeRKaHkñúgeBlEdleKCHTwkGasIut ehIyeRkABIenaH BYkeKCa GñkQrEk,rTIkEnøgekItehtu . CnrgeRKaHTaMg 18nak;xagelIman 12nak;Caburs nig4nak;eTot CaRsþIePT ¬rYmTaMgCnrgeRKaHBIrnak; EdleKmin)anraykarN_GMBIePTrbs;BYkKat;¦ EdlCakar bgðajeGayeKeXIjfa CnEdlCaeKaledAeRKagTukPaKeRcInCaRsþIePT EtGñkrgeRKaHedayécdnü edaysarkarCHTwkGasIutPaKeRcInCaburseTAvij .

RsþIEdlrgeRKaHedaykarCHTwkGasIutmanGayuBI 5 eTA 45 qñaM ÉbursrgeRKaHvij manGayu BI 5 eTA 53qñaM . CnrgeRKaHPaKeRcIn ¬TaMgburs nigRsþI¦ sßitenAkñúgv½yBI 18 eTA 33qñaM ¬sUmBi

12

nitüemIlRkahVikxageRkamenH5¦ . GayuCamFüménCnrgeRKaHKW 24qñaMcMeBaHRsþI nig29qñaMcM eBaHburs .

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cMnYnénCnrgeRKaH

0-17 18-25 26-33 34-41 42 +Rk umGay uK itCaqñaM

Gay uCnrgeRKaH

RbusRsI

manGnitiCn ¬GayueRkam18qñaM¦ 6 nak; sßitenAkñúgcMeNamCnrgeRKaHEdr . manBIrkrNI CaRsþIv½yekµgGayu 16 nig 17qñaMEdlTTYlrgkarvayRbharTwkGasIutedayectnaBIRsþIv½ycMNas; EdlsgS½yBYknagfa)anTak;TgCamYybþIrbs;BYkKat; . eRkABIenaHkumarbYnnak;eTotman GayuBI 4 eTA 12qñaM)anTTYlrgeRKaHedayGectnakñúgRKaCHTwkGasIut . CnrgeRKaHEdlmanv½yekµgCageK bMputKWkumarIGayu 4qñaM enaHCaCnrgeRKaHkñúgcMeNamCnrgeRKaHTaMg 6nak;xagelIEdl)anTTYlrg eRKaH enAeBlEdlRsþImñak;CHTwkGasIutdak;bþIrbs;Kat;kñúg»kasbuNüxYbkMeNItkumarmñak;eTot .

RsþImñak;CHTwkGasIutelIkUnRbusrbs;xøÜnÉg ePaK vasna CaRsþImanGayu 32 qñaM )anykTwkGasIuteTACHelIbþIrbs;Kat;kñúglMenAdæanna

TIRkugPñMeBjrbs;BYkeK kalBIqñaM2002 eRkayBIRsþIenaHelcB¤BaküccamGara:mfabþIrbs;Kat;man TMnak;TMngCamYyRsIepSg . bþIrbs;nag)anrgrlakGasIutsIumux nigedImRTUgy:agF¶n;F¶r . kñúgeBl enaHTwkGasIutxøH)anx©ayeTAb:HkUnRbusrbs;BYkeKEdlmanGayu 5qñaM . nagvasna)anRtUvXat; xøÜnedIm,IykeTAXMuXaMg ehIyÉbþI nigkUnrbs;Kat;RtUveKnaMykeTAkan;mnÞIreBTü . nag vasna )an R)ab;eTAb:UlIsfa nagKµanectnabgárbYssñamdl;kUnRbusrbs;nageLIy EtGasIut)anxÞateTARtUv

5 RkahVikenH minrab;bBa©ÚlRsþIrgeRKaHBIrnak; edaysarmin)andwgBIGayurbs;BYkeK .

13

TkUnnagrYc)at;e AehIy . GñkCitxagnag)anniyayfaBYkeKminEdleXIj b¤B¤fabþInagmanRbBn§ fµIeTotGVIesaHeLIy ehIyBYkeKk¾mankaregOgq¶l;faehtuGVI)anCanagvasna RbRBwtþGMeBIqÁÜt²eday sarEtB¤BaküccamGar:amEbbenH .

nrNaxøHCaCnelIµskñúgkarCHTwkGasIut ehtuGVIk¾eKeFVIy:agenH? manr)aykarN_énkarCHTwkGasIutsrubTaMgGs; 44 elIk EdlkñúgenaH 23 elIkCnéddl; CaRsþIePT ehIy 17 elIkCabursCaGñkRbRBwtþ nwg 4elIkeToteKmin)ansÁal;Cnéddl; 6. PaKeRcInelIslubénkarvayRbharTwkGasIutenH ¬32 krNIkñúgbNþa 44 krNI¦ RtUv)an TTYlkarecaTRbkan;fabNþalmkGMBIbBaðaRKYsar b¤TMnak;TMngbuKÁl . rIÉmUlehtuénkarCHTwk GasIutkñúg 6krNIepSgeToténbNþakrNIxagelIbNþalmkGMBImUlehtuepSg² . cMENkÉ 6 krNI eToteKmin)anraykarN_GMBImUlehtuenaHeT ¬sUmBinitüemIltaragxageRkam¦.

mUlehtuCMrujeGayCnéddl;eFVIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutTaMg 44 elIk

RbBn§vayRbharelIIRsþImñak;eTot ¬edaysgS½yfa¦CaKUkMNan;b¤RbBn§cugrbs;bþIxøÜn 13 krNI bþIvayRbharelIRbBn§ b¤GtItRbBn§rbs;xøÜn 6 krNI RsþIvayRbharelIbþI b¤«BukcugEdl)anRbRBwtþGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsarmkelInag 4 krNI RbBn§vayRbharelIbþIrbs;nagedaysarmUlehtuepSg² ¬CMelaHGaBah_BiBah_ ElglHKña b¤sgS½yfapitk,t;Kña¦

2 krNI

RsþIElglHbþIvayRbharelIRsþImñak;eTotEdlnagsgS½yfa)anTak;TgCamYyGtItbþInag 1 krNI bþImunvayRbharelIbþIeRkayrbs;GtItRbBn§xøÜn 1 krNI mindwgmUlehtuc,as;las;EteKsgS½yfamanbBaðaBak;B½n§nwgRKYsar b ¤sm<½n§PaBshB½T§ 5 krNI mUlehtuBak;B½n§nwgbBaðaRKYsar b¤sm<½n§PaBpÞal;xøÜn srub 32 krNI kareQøaHRbEkkKña CMelaH karsgswk b¤GMeBIbøn; 6 krNI mUlehtuepSg srub³ 6 krNI mindwgmUlehtuCak;lak; srub³ 6 krNI cMnYnsrub ³ 44 krNI

RbePTénkarvayRbharekIteLIgjwkjab;enaHKWRbBn§CHTwkGasIutelIRsIkMNan; b¤RbBn§ cugrbs;bþIxøÜn .

6 sßitienHsMedAelICnCab;sgS½y nigCnEdleKrkeXIjfamaneTas . elIsBIenHeTAeTotsßitienH elIkykmkbgðajCUnEttYelxCnéddl;sMxan;² b¤k¾emekøag EdlbgáeGaymankarvayRbharTwkGasIut EtminelIkykmkbgðajnUvGñkpSMKMnitkñúgkarvayRbhareT. tYelxCnéddl;RsþIenHman rab;bBa©ÚlkrNImYyEdlbursCaGñkbgáehtukarCHTwkGasIut EteKeCOfaKat;)anCYlRsþImñak;eGayCHTwkGasIutenHCMnYsKat;eTAvij .

14

bþIvayRbharelIRbBn§ b¤GtItRbBn§rbs;xøÜn CaRbePTénkarvayRbharEdlekIteLIgjwk jab;bnÞab;BIRbePTdUceBalxagelI . bþIRbePTenHeRcInEtFøab;manRbvtþivaydM RcMFak; eFVI)abRbBn§ xøÜn . bþICHTwkGasIutelIRbBn§ edIm,ICaTNÐkmµdl;GVIEdlRbBn§)aneFVI b¤edaysarkarEckpøÚv b¤Elg lHKña . ]TahrN_ CnrgeRKaHmñak;CaRsþIEdlBüayamElglHbþIrbs;nag edaysarbþIenaH)anvay eFVI)abnag nig)ancab;rMelaPnarImñak;enAkñúgPUmi . bþInagecaTRbkan;nagfamanshay ehIy )ankan;kaMePøIgedjtamnag rYcCHTwkGasIutdak;elImuxrbs;nag . mankrNImYyeTot bursmñak; CHTwkGasIutelIRbBn§rbs;xøÜneRkayBIRbBn§enaHminRBmeGayluy 500 eroleTAbþIenaH edIm,Iyk mkTij)arICk; ehIyRbBn§enaHEfmTaMgraraMgbþIenaHmineGayvaykUnRbusrbs;BYkeKeTotpg .

mankrNImYyKWbþImunEdl)anElglHKñaehIy )anCHTwkGasIutelIbþIeRkayrbs;RbBn§xøÜn .

cMNgGaBah_BiBah_kat;pþac;edaysarTwkGasIut cinþa manGayu16qñaMenAeBlEdlmþay«Bukrbs;nag)aneGaynagerobkarCamYybursmñak; 7

EdlCanayTahanmanzan³fñak;vresnIy_ÉkénRksYgkarBarCatiehIyKat;manGayuCag 50qñaM. elaknayTahanenaH)anyl;RBmsg;pÞHmYyxñgeGaynagelIdIrbs;RkumRKYsarnag ehIy

elaknayTahank¾nwgmkrYmrs;CamYynagcinþakñúgpÞHenHCamYymþay«Bukrbs;nagEdr . elakEfm TaMg)anniyayeTotfa elaknwgemIlEfTaMnagcinþaluHRKaGvsanþ ehIynwgsnüafanwgsVHEsVgrkRKU eBTül¥²mkBüa)alEPñkmþaynagcinþa edIm,IeGaymþaykUn)anemIleXIjKñaeLIgvijeTotpg .

eRkayBIBYkeK)anerobkarehIyRbsURt)anbuRtamYy elaknayTahanCabþIenaH)anRbRBwtþ minKYrKb,ICaeRcInmkelIrUbna nigRkumRKYsar . bursenaH)aneCrRbeTcpþasarnag ehIyCYnkal geTotminGnuBaØateGaynag)anCYb b¤bMe)AkUnnageLIy . bursCabþIenaHRbc½NÐnagxøaMgNas; Kat;eCr RbeTcpþasarnagenAeBlNaEdlKat;eXIjnagniyayeTAkan;GñkeRkA b¤nagRtLb;mkBIpSary WtyUrCagsBV Yydg . mayaTGaRkk;rbs;Kat;ecHEtbnþGs;ry³kalCaeRcInqñaMmkTl; aM 2000 Edl m qñeBlenHBYkeKerobkarrYmrs;CamYyKñaGs;ry³eBlbYnqñaM Kat;)ankøayeTACamnusSkMeralcUlxøaMg eLIg². Kat;)anKMramkMEhgedayeRbIBaküsMdIfabMpøajsmösSnagcinþaCaeRcInelIkeRcInsar nwgCYl eKeGaymkeFVI)abnageTotpg BaküKMramkMEhgrbs;Kat;RtUv)an«Bukmþay nigGñkCitxagrbs;nag cinþadwgB¤CaerOy² .

edaymankarP½yxøac)armÖdl;suvtßiPaBrbs;nagcinþa éf¶mYy«Bukmþayrbs;nag)ancak; esarTVarrbgmineGaybþInagcUlpÞH)an . bursCabþIenaH)aneqøIytbcMeBaHehtukarenHedaykardak; BakübNþwgeTAtulakaredIm,IsMuElglHnagnwgsMuEckRTBüsm,tþiKña .

7 enHminEmnCaeQµaHBitrbs;nageLIy EtCaeQµaHRbDitedIm,Ilak;GtþsBaØaNBitrbs;nag .

15

kBIrbIs)þah_eRkaymk manbursv½yekµgBIrnak;CHTw GasIutelInagcinþaenAxN³eBlEdlnag k k ;mkp C b c mMBugCiH g ÞH amYy ¥ÚnRsIrbs;nag . nag inþamanGar µN_eqHekþAeralralelIépÞmuxnwgbrievNCMuvij EPñ rbs;nag semøókbMBak;rbs;nagcab;epþImpuyRCuH ehIyTwkGasIutxøH)anxÞateTAb:Hxñg nigsµarbs; Ún k b¥RsInag . bgb¥ÚnBIrnak;enH)anrt;cUlpÞH UmienAEk,renaHedI ,IduslagxøÜn sMGatTw GasIutrYcehIy GñkP m krYsran;eTAkan;mnÞIreBTüCabnÞan; . nagcinþa)ansMrakeBTü3éf¶ ehIycMNayeBlGs;CaeRcIns)þah_eTot edI ,IeGaysñamrbYsnag)anCasHes,Iy . EteTaHCaya:genHk¾eday nagmansMNagl¥edaysarGa msIutenaHCaRbePTGasIutcak;GaKuy EdlvaCaGasIutexSayRtUv)aneKlayTw eRcInPaKry . nagminBikar kEP eT Éé Þmuxrbs;nagvij)an Sl nUvsøaksñam uc² Et inEmn asñam M b¤karxUcRT ;RTay uxKYr ñk p bn ;Tuk G m C F g meGayxøacenaHeT . RbsinebI GasIutEdleKCHmkelInagenaHCaTw GasIutxøaMgvijenaHemø:HsmnagTTYl krgeRKaHF¶n;F¶rCagenEdl minGac)a:n;sµan)anpgk¾ indwg . m

db;éf¶eRkayBIkarvayRbharenHmk enAkñúgxN³eBlEdlmuxrbs;nagcinþaenArlak nig mankarQWcab;enAeLIy tulakarextþ)anebIksvnakarsMerckþIsuMElglHrbs;bþInag ehIynwg)ansM erceGaybþInag emIlEfTaMkUnRbusGayubIqñaMrbs;eKenaH . tulakark¾)ansMerceGaybþIrbs;nagmk rs;enApÞHrbs;BYkeKenaHvij edayeGaybþInagenACan;xagelI Écinþanig«Bukmþayrbs;nagrs;enA Can;eRkam . bþInag)anRtLb;mkrs;enAkñúgpÞHenaHvij ehIykUnRbusrbs;eKk¾)aneTArs;enACamYy xagbþIEdr .

cinþa nig«Bukmþayrbs;nag)andak;BakübþwgGMBIkrNICHTwkGasIutelInagcinþa b:uEnþKµanGñk Namñak;RtUv)anXat;xø¶ÜnenaHeLIy . cinþa nig«Bukmþayrbs;nagminEdleXIjmanb:UlIsNamñak;mk sYrnaMbþInageLIy eTaHCabþIenaHFøab;)anKMramfaCYleKeGaymkeFVI)abnagk¾eday . kñúgqñaM 2001 salakþI]TrN_)ansvnakarsMerceGaynagcinþaCaGñkRKb;RKgkUnRbusnag ehIyeGaynagCakan; kab;pÞHTaMgmUl . bþIrbs;nag)anbþwgtva:eTAtulakarkMBUl EdlmkTl;nwgeBlenHmin)ansMercerOg kþIenHenAeLIyeT . EtbþIenaH)ancuHecjBIpÞHeTArs;enACamYyRbBn§fµImñak;eTot ehIy)annaMykkUn RbusenaHeTACamYypgEdr. nagcinþak¾Elg)aneXIjmuxkUnnagtaMgBIeBlenaHerogrhUtmkehIy nagmindwgfaeBlNaeTIbnag)anCYbmuxkUnRbusrbs;nagCafµIeLIgvijenaH .

krNIRsþþICHTwkGasIutelIbþIrbs;BYknagrYmman krNImYyenaHRbBn§sgS½yfabþImanRsI nig mYykrNIeTotedaysarRbBn§mankMhwgelIbþI BIeRBaHmanbMNgElglHCamYynag . kñúgkrNImYy eTot RsþImñak;Edl)anElglHCamYybþInagrYcral;ehIy EdleRkaymknagenaH)anCHTwkGasIutelI RsþImñak;eTotEdlsgS½yfaCamitþRsIfµIrbs;GtItbþInag .

mankrNIcMnYn4 EdlCnrgeRKaHCHTwkGasIutelICnRbRBwtþGMeBIhwgSakñúgRKYsar ³ manRsþI erobkarbInak;ehIyEdl)anCHTwkGasIutelIbþIrbs;BYknagEdlEtgEtvaydMRcMFak;nag ehIynwgman

16

mYykrNIeTotRsþIv½yekµgmñak;)anCHTwkGasIutelI«Bukcugrbs;nagEdlEtgEtvayeFVI)ab nwgb:unb:g cab;rMelaPnag .

GMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsarQaneTAkarCHTwkGasIut eyaFarMsaymñak;Gayu33qñaM EtgEtvaydMRbBn§Kat;CaerOy² enAkñúgpÞHrbs;Kat;enA

extþkNþal . Kat;KµanmuxrbrNamYyBitR)akdedIm,Irk)anR)ak;cMNUlmkciBa©wmRbBn§ nigkUnRsItUc mYyrbs;Kat;eLIy EtKat;manR)ak;kassMrab;esBsuraRsvwgral;éf¶nwgmanluysMrab;elgEl,gsIu sgeTotpg. ral;eBlEdlKat;RsvwgKat;EtgEtERskLÚLaeCrnwigvayeFVI)abRbBn§kUnrbs;Kat; . vaeTACaerOgFmµtaeTAehIyEdlKat;EtgEtelIkédvayTHtb; nigelIkeCIgTat;Fak; ehIyCYnkal eTotykdMbgvayRbBn§Kat; ehIyEfmTaMge)akkMeTcRTBüsm,tþikñúgpÞHeTotpg . GñkPUmipgrbg CamYyCMuvijpÞHrbs;bursenaH nigGaCJaFrmUldæansuT§Et)andwgB¤erOgenHRKb;²Kñafa bursenHEtgEt vaydMRcMFak;RbBn§nwgbMpøajRTBüsm,tþikñúgpÞHerogral;eBlEdlKat;RsvwgRsa . RbBn§Kat;k¾)an sMerccitþTukGasIutmYylIRtenAkñúgpÞH edIm,ICaGavuFsMrab;karBarxøÜnnag . naéf¶mYykñúgqñaM 2000 bþIrbs;nag)anvaydM Tat;Fak;nagy:agxøaMgkøa RBmTaMgykdMbg nigkaMbitmkvaynagEfmeTotpg . sac;jatinag nigGñkPUmiCitxagEk,r²pÞHenaH)annaMKñaecameramemIlbþInageFVI)abnagEtKµanGñkNa mñak;ha‘ncUlCYynageLIy . RTaMeTotmin)annagCaRbBn§k¾)anrt;sMedAeTArkTwkGasIutEdlnag)an lak;TukenaHykmkCHdak;bþIrbs;nageTA . TwkGasIutenaH)ansIudac;épÞmuxbursCabþIenaHya:gF¶n;F¶r eday)anbMpøajEPñkmçag nigEpñkxøHénRcmuHrbs;Kat;y:agF¶n;F¶r . nakñúgRKaenaHEdr TwkGasIutxøH )anxÞateTARtUvsemøókbMBak;sac;jatixagRbBn§kñúgenaHmanTaMgmþaybegáIt nigkµÜyRsIrbs;nagpg Edr . b:UlIs)ancab;Xat;xøÜnRsIþCaRbBn§eTAkan;b:usþ×b:UlIs rYcbBa¢ÚneTAtulakar nag)anbMPøWR)ab; bU:lIsfa nagRKan;Etcg;pþl;emeronxøH²dl;bþIrbs;nag edIm,IkMueGayéf¶eRkayKat;vayeFVI)abnag eTot . nagCaRbBn§enaH RtUv)antulakarkat;eTaseGayCab;Bn§naKarbYnqñaM ÉbþIrbs;nagvijmin RtUv)anbU:lIssYrnaMMBIkarEdlvaydM eFVI)abRbBn§rbs;Kat;eLIy . kñúg5krNIepSgeTot mUlehtuEdlCMrujeGayCnéddl;CHTwkGasIutenaHminRtUv)ankaEst

raykarN_eGay)anc,as;las;enaHeT EtTMngemIleTAhak;dUcCakarvayRbharenaH ekItecjmk GMBIbBaðaRbc½NÐ b¤KMnMuecjBIsm<½n§PaB . ]TahrN_ KUsgSav½yekµgmYyKURtUv)aneKCHTwkGasIut dak;kñúgxN³eBlEdlBYkeKkMBugCwHmU:tUdwkKña eRkayBIBYkeK)anP¢ab;BakünwgKñarYcmk . krNImYy eTot KWCakarvayRbhareTAelIRsþIv½yekµgmñak;Edlnag)anBak;B½n§emRtIPaBnwgmRnþIraCkarfñak;x<s; lµmmñak;EdlmanRbBn§rYceTAehIy ÉrUbnagpÞal;vijRtUv)anRbuskemøaH²CaeRcIntamsMuesckþIesñha minQb;Qr EtnagBuMEdl)anyl;RBmcMeBaHsMeNIrTaMgenaHeLIy .

17

man 6 krNIénkarCHTwkGasIutRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayehtuplxusKñaepSgBIxagelI Edlmin mankarBak;B½n§nwgcMNgRKYsar b¤sm<½n§PaBRbusRsIGVITaMgGs; . krNITaMgenHrYmman ³

• nayb;ggwtmYy bursmñak;)anCHTwkGasIuteTAelIGñkCitxagrbs;Kat;edaysarEtBYkeK )anTas;ETgnwgKñaGMBIerOgkg; EtTwkGasIutenaHEbrCaeTAb:HRtUvmnusSepSgeTAvij .

• RbFanBuT§iksmaKmmñak;)anCHTwkGasIuteTAelIRBHsgÇ EdlbgáeGaymanrbYsRsal dl;RBHsgÇmYyGgÁ edaysarEtmanTMnas;BIerOgRTBüsm,tþikñúgvtþ .

• krNIIBIreToteKeCOfaCaGMeBIecarbøn;ykm:UtUBICnrgeRKaH . krNITaMgBIrenH Cnéddl; )aneKcrYcxøÜnedaymin)anykm:UtUeTACamYyeLIy edaysarCnrgeRKaHmankarQWcab; xøaMgeBkERskRTehaeGayeKCYy ehIyGñkPUmik¾rt;ecjQUqrmkCYYyTan;eBlevla .

rbYssøaksñamEdlCnrgeRKaHTTYl)anedaykarrlakTwkGasIut ya:gehacNas;k¾manCnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasIutbInak;)ansøab; EdlGñkTaMgenH)ansøab;

kñúgeBlEdlTTYlrgTwkGasIut b¤BIr-bIem:ageRkayBIkarrgkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIutmk ³ • RsþImñak;Gayu 33qñaMrs;enAkñúgextþkMBg;cam RtUv)anTTYlrgTwkGasIutCHedayRsþImñak;

eTotEdl)anElglHCamYybþIrbs;Kat; ehIyEdlRsþIéddl;eCOfaGtItbþIrbs;Kat;man TMnak;TMngCamYyRsþIrgeRKaH .

• bursGayu 34qñaMmñak;rs;enAkñúgextþéRBEvg RtUv)anRbBn§rbs;Kat;ykGasIut 1lIRt mkcak;BIelIKat; edaysarKat;)anvaydMRbBn§rbs;Kat;RBmTaMgmþayekµk .

• bursGayu35qñaM mñak;rs;enAkñúgextþkMBg;cam Edl)anykRcvak;mkvayelIk,al RbBn§rbs;Kat; . enAeBlEdlRbBn§enaHecjBImnÞIreBTüeRkayBIsMrakBüa)alxøÜn nagk¾ykTwkGasIutmkcak;elIxøÜnbþIrbs;nagvij .

manmnusS 60 nak;eTot)anTTYlrgeRKaHedaysarTwkGasIut Edlya:gehacNas;k¾man 39nak;kúñgcMeNammnusSxagelI)anTTYlrgeRKaHF¶n;F¶relIépÞmux elIxøÜnR)aN nigédeCIgrbs;BYkeK . GñkrgrbYselIépÞmux PaKeRcInCaRsþIePT . y:agehacNas;k¾manmnusSbYnnak;)anBikarEPñkmçag b¤TaMgsgxag ehIymnusS 11nak;eTot)anTTYleRKaHfñak;dl;EPñk EdleKmin)andwgfaBYkeKTaMg enaHBikarEPñkCaerogrhUtEdrb¤k¾Gt;eT eRBaHsarBt’manmin)anraykarN_bBa¢ak ;eGay)anc,as;elI cMNucenH .

18

4 - plb:HBal;elIragkayCnrgeRKaHedaykarrlakTwkGasIut

karrlakedaysarTwkGasIut)ansIuCarbYsmYy EdlmankarQWcukcab;bMputdl;xøÜnR)aN mnusSelakeyIgenH . épÞmux nigxøÜnR)aNCnrgeRKaHRtUv)anTTYlTaruNÐkmµBITwkGasIutEdlCaTaru NÐkmµenHbnSl;TuknUvsøaksñamd¾KYeGayxøac ehIy)anbþÚrPinPaKrUbragCamnusSrbs;BYkeKGs; mYyCIvit . karBikarEPñk nigPaBføg;Kk¾GacnwgekItmanpgEdr edaysarCnéddl;EtgEtCHTwkGa sIuttMrg;eTArkEpñkk,alénCnrgeRKaHCanic© .

CnrgeRKaHqøgkat;karQWcab; exSaHkMlaMgkñúgxøÜnry³eBlyUrmunnwgxøÜn)anCasHes,IyBI sñamrbYsenaH karEdlTwkGasIutsIurlakcUleTAeRCAkñúgsac; eFVIeGaymankarlM)akkñúgdMeNIrCa sHes,IynwgRtUvRbQmCamYykargayqøgemeraKepSg² RBmTaMggayrgeRKaHedaybBaðaepSg² eTotpgEdr . CaFmµtaCnrgeRKaHRtUvcMNayeBlevlaCaeRcIns)þah_ b¤ExsMrakBüa)alxøÜnkñúg mnÞIreBTü rhUtTal;EtsøaksñamrbYsBYkeK)anCasHes,IynwgkarRbQmmuxkarqøgemeraKepSg² tamsñammuxrbYsEdlminGacekItmanteTAeTot)an . esIÞEtBYkeKTaMgGs;GacnwgRtLb;mkkan; mnÞIreBTüvijCaeRcInelIkeRcInsar edIm,IBüa)albEnßm b¤eFVIkarvHkat;eRcInqñaMbnþeTot .

edaysarCMnajevC¢saRsþ nig]bkrN_eBTükñúgRbeTskm<úCamanPaBxSt;exSay Caehtu bNþaleGaymhnþrayF¶n;F¶rEdlrlakmkBITwkGasIutminGaceFIVeGay)anRbesIrTaMgRsugeLIy . CnrgeRKaHnwgminGacvileTArkrUbragedImrbs;eK)aneLIy eTaHbICaeRkayBIkarBüa)alsHes,Iy ehIyk¾eday . CnrgeRKaH RtUvbg;éføedIm,ITTYl)annUvkarBüa)alevC¢saRsþ . KuNPaBénkarBüa )alvij KWvaGaRs½yEtnwgTwkR)ak;EdlCnrgeRKaHman . edaysarkarBüa)alenAtammnÞIreBTü mantMélx<s; ehtuenH)aneFVIeGayCnrgeRKaHmYycMnYnmksm¶MBüa)alrbYsrbs;eKenAtampÞHpÞal;xøÜn b¤eTABüa)alenAtamKøInIkCit²pÞH b¤eTArkRKUExµrBüa)aleGayvij .

sñamrbYs TwkGasIutsIuEs,k nigsac;mþgmYyRsTab;² EdlbNþaleGaymankarcukcab;eBItpSaéRk

Elg. TwkGasIutvasIuTMluHEs,kTaMgBIrRsTab; cUleTAkñúgRsTab;xøaj; nigsac;dMuenABIeRkamEs,k ehIyCYnkaleTotvasIucUlrhUteTAdl;q¥wgeTotpg . ÉCMerAsñamrbYsvij KWvaGaRs½yelIRbePT kMLaMgGasIutnwgrYmpSMry³eBlEdlGasIut)anb:HBal;Es,kpg - kareqHrlakénGasIutnwgQb;enA eBlNaEdleK)aneRbITwk b¤Twklaysab‘UmkduslagsMGatCatiGasIutenaHecj.

19

enAeBlEdlTwkGasIutRtUv)aneKCHmkb:HépÞmuxPøam TwkGasIutenaH)ansIucUleTAkñúgEPñk Rtecok RcmuH nigmat;ya:gelOn . ÉkarQWcab;vijKWmanTMhMminGacKNna)aneLIy eRbobbIdUcCa kaMbitEdleKdutrab;ryGgSaehIyykmkcak;cUleTAkñúgsac;GBa©wg . RtbkEPñk nigbbUmat;Gac nwgRtUveqHdac;)at;TaMgRsug . RcmuHGacnwgrlayCitrn§Gs; ÉRtecokvijGacrYjsVwttUc . GasIut GacsIubMpøajEPñkya:gelOnEdlGaceFVIeGayCnrgeRKaHBikarEPñk)anya:ggay . Es,kénq¥wg k,al f¶as; f<al; nigcgáaGacrlaycUlKña . dUcCaépÞmuxGBa©wgEdr TwkGasIutEdlEtgEtRsk;elI dgk edImRTUg xñg nigGv³yv³éd b¤eCIg ehIyTwkGasIutenHsIupþac; b¤¤sIucUleRCAdl;TINaénsrIragÁ CnrgeRKaH .

eRKaHfñak;FMbMputsMrab;CnrgeRKaHenaHKWkarminGacdkdegðIm)an . karRsUbykcMhay GasIutcUleTAkñúgsYtGacbNþaleGaymanbBaðaBIr ³ vaeFVIeGaymanRbtikmµCatiBulenAkñúgsYt b¤eFVI eGayrlakehImbMBg;kEdleFVIeGaypøÚvdkdegðImrYmtUcehIybnßb;pøÚvdkdegðImCnrgeRKaH . Cnrg eRKaHCnCatiExµrmñak;)ansøab;edaysarGasIuthUrcUltamRcmuHmkkñúgbMBg ;pøÚvdkdegðImKat; .

b:uEnþCaTUeTA CnrgeRKaHminsøab;eT . eKalbMNgénkarvayRbharTwkGasIutPaKeRcInKWmin EmnedIm,IsMlab;CnrgeRKaHeLIy EteFVIeGayBikarnwgbMpøajrUbsmösSCnrgeRKaH . Cnéddl;cg; eGayCnrgeRKaHrs;enAedaymanmuxmat;GaRkk;dUcbisacnwgRtUvTTYlrgQWcab;\tRsakRsanþGs; mYyCIvit .

plvi)akxagpøÚvkayénkarrlakTwkGasIut edaysarmuxrbYsénkarrlakedayTwkGasIut)anbgáeGaymanRkmry:agRkas;

ehIyRbTajEs,kd¾éTeToteGaytwgbNþaleGayxUcRTg;RTayEs,ksPaBedImy:agF¶n; F¶r. ]TahrN_-karTajEs,kRtbkEPñkminGacbiT)an minGacebIkmat;ry³eBlyUr Es,kcgáaRbTajCab;eTAnwgedImRTUg .

Bt’manxageRkamenH TTYl)anmkGMBIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alénGgÁkarRKUeBTüBiPB

elakbMerIkargarenAmnÞIreBTükal;Em:RtnaTIRkugPñMeBj .

k,al ³ GacnwgRtUv)anbMpøajEpñkxøH² b¤RtUvbþÚrRTg;RTay . Ésk;GacElgduHmkvij . f¶as; ³ Es,kGacRCYj dUceKcab;TajmYyTMhwg ehIyGacmansMlak .

20

Rtecok ³ rYjeLIg ehIyGaceFIVeGayxUcRTg;RTay . PaBføg;GacekItmanPøam² b¤mYy ry³eBlbnþicmþg²eRkaymk . q¥wgRtecokGacRtUvbMpøajedayEpñk b¤TaMgRsug EdlGaceFVIeGayRbehagRtecokgayqøgemeraK b¤sþab;GVIElgB¤ .

EPñk ³ karb:HBal;GasIutpÞal; b¤cMhayGasIutGaceFVIeGayxUcEPñk b¤bNþaleGayxVak; . eTaHbICa EPñk)anrYceKcputBIkarvayRbhark¾eday EPñkTaMgBIrenaHgayTTYlrgeRKaH fñak;epSg²eTotkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarBüa)alxøÜnrbs;CnrgeRKaH . RtbkEPñkGacnwg RtUveqHdac;Gs; b¤eFIVeGayxUcRTg;RTayedaysMlakRbTajRtbkEPñk EdleFVIeGay RKab;EPñkgays¶ÜtCatiTwknwgQaneTArkBikarPaB . ehtukarenHmingaynwgpþl;kic©kar BaEPñk)aneT.

RcmuH ³ rYjehIyxUcRTg;RTay . rn§RcmuHGacnwgrYjCitTaMgRsug edaysarq¥wgx©IénRcmuHRtUv )anbMpøaj .

f<al; ³ RCIvRCYjnwgxUcRTg;RTayTaMgRsug . mat; ³ RCIvRCYjnwgsiVtrYjtUc ehIyGac)at;rUbragedImTaMgRsug . bbUrmat;GacnwgRtUv)an

bMpøajedayEpñk b¤TaMgRsug . mat;GacnwgesIyecjeFµjmkeRkA . clnabbUrmat; mat; nigmuxGacTTYlkarxUcxat . karTTYlTanGaharGacCYbRbTHkarlM)akeRcIn .

cgáa ³ mansMlakRCIvRCYj ehIyFøak;cuHnwgxUcRTg;RTay dUcCacgáaenaHcg;Føak;cuHeRkam Es,kcgáarlaycUlCab;dgk b¤edImRTUg .

dgk³ EtgEtxUcxatya:gF¶n;F¶r . vaGacmandMusMlaksac;mYyP¢ab;BIEpñkxageRkamcgáa eTAedImRTUg b¤k¾mansMlaksac;duHB½T§CMuvijmYycMehogk CnrgeRKaHCYnkalminGacgak dgk b¤gakdgkcuHeLIg)an b¤CYnkaleTotk,alep¥ógCab;eTAmYycMehogedaysarkar RbTajBIbnÞHsMlaksHénmuxrbYs.

edImRTUg ³ CaTUeTAmansøaksñamya:gRkevmRkv:amRbTak;Kña . edImRTUgGacnwgmansñam qñÚt² tUc² b¤FMbNþalmkBITwkGasIuthUrkat; b¤Rsk;mkelI . cMeBaHkumarI nigRsþIv½yekµg vijkarvivtþénkarlUtlas;sudnGacnwgQb;man b¤CYnkalsudnrbs;eKRtUv)anbMpøaj TaMgRsug .

sµa ³ Gacnwgmansøaksñamya:gGaRkk; CaBiessenAbrievNCMuvijekøók EdlGaceFVIeGay CnrgeRKaHBi)akkMerIkéd . CYnkaleTot edImédmçag b¤édTaMgBIrrbs;CnrgeRKaHCab;Kñamknwg xøÜnR)aNeRbob)andUceKykC½rkavmkbitP¢ab; .

21

karBüa)al karBüa)alCadMbUgenaHKWeKRtUvEtykTwkmklagsMGatbrievNsac;EdlrlakGasIuteGay )anqab;ya:gehacNas;;k¾ 60naTIEdr edIm,IlagCMrHecalGasIutnwgbBaÄb;karrlakbnþ . karBüa)albnÞan;kñúgmnÞIreBTüRtUvmanTaMgkarlagsMGat nigkarrMurbYs ehIysMrYlbBaðapøÚv dkdegðImEdlbNþalmkBIcMhayGasIut . evC¢bNÐitGacsMerceFVIkarvHkat;bMBg ;k b¤dak;bMBg;Tu eyaeTAkñúgbMBg;k edIm,ICYyeGayCnrgeRKaHGacdkdegðIm)an .

evC¢bNÐitRtUvvHkat;ykecjnUvkMeTcekasika b¤ekasikagab;enACMuvijrbYs dUcCasac;enA Cab;tam dgbMBg;k xñg edImRTUg éd nigrhUtdl;mux b¤Rtecok . dMe)AkøayCaeRKaHfñak;d¾FMmYysMrab; CnrgeRKaH edaysarekasikagab;enACMuvijbrievNrbYsF¶n;²GacnwggayqøgemeraK)an . karqøgem eraKeTACadMe)ArlYykøay GacraraMgmineGayrbYsGacCasHes,Iy)anqab; ehIyEfmTaMgeFVIeGay mandMe)ArIkraldaleTAbrievNekasikal¥ EdlGaceFVIeGayCnrgeRKaHsøab;)an . dMe)ArlYykøay GacsMlab;CnrgeRKaHeBlNamYyk¾)ankñúgry³kalénkarBüa)al edIm,IeGay)ansHes,IyBIkar rlakTwkGasIutenH . eKRtUvcaM)ac;EfTaMrbYseGay)ans¥atCanic© ehIynwgeRbIfñaMGg;TIb‘ÍyU:TikedIm,I RbqaMgkarrIkqøgraldal . ehIyRbsinebI dMe)ArlYyrIkraldalFMeLIg²enaH evC¢bNÐitGacsMerc fanwgeFVIkarvHkat;yksac;rlYyecjbEnßmeTot .

evC¢bNÐitRtUveFIVkarvHkat;ykRsTab;Es,kBIkEnøgd¾éTénEpñkragkayCnrgeRKaH edIm,I ykmkb:HPi¢telITIkEnøgEdlrgrlakFM² CaTUeTAeKEtgEtvHkat;BIsac ;Es,kePøA . karrlakFM² ehIyeRCA mingaysHes,IyedayÉkÉgeT viFIvHkat ;pSaMEs,k KWCameFüa)ayCYybitPi¢tmuxrbYs karBardMe)ArlYyraldalnwgCYyeGaymuxrbYsgaysHes,Iyqab ;rh½s . viFIvHkat ;pSaMEs,kman Gakar³rmas; QWcab;enAeBldMeNIrkarsHes,IyénEpñkEs,kpSaMenH .

karrlakCarbYsmYyEdlmankarQWcab;bMputdl;mnusS ehtuenHfñaMbM)at;karQWcab;man sar³sMxan;Nas; . CYnkalbMe)AEdlbNþalmkBIGasIutsIucUleRCAenaHKµankarQWcab;eT eday sarsrésRbsaTenATIenaHRtUv)anbMpøaj EtbrievNCMuvijmuxrbYsenaHmankarQWcab;xøaMgNas; . CMhannimYy²énkarBüa)al eBalKWBIkarlagsMGatrbYs b¤QaneTAdl;karvHkat;GacbNþal eGaymankarcukcab;xøaMgeLIg² .

evC¢bNÐitRtUvEtykcitþTukdak;CaBiesskñúgkarCYyseRgÁaHEPñk RcmuH mat; enHebIeyag tamdMbUnµanevC¢bNÐitrbs;GgÁkarRKUeBTüBiPBelakEdl)anpþl;karBüa)aldl;CnrgeRKaHedayTwk GasIutenAmnÞIreBTükal;Em:RtnaTIRkugPñMeBj. eKGacs‘k]bkrN_enAcenøaHbbUrmat; edIm,IeGay mat;ebIkcMhrkñúgrUbragFmµtarbs;mat; nwgs‘kbMBg;tUcmYycUltamrn§RcmuHedIm,IkarBarvakMueGayCit

22

rn§RcmuH . EPñkgayqøgemeraKnwgekItmanbBaðaepSg²Nas; EdlGacbNþaleGayxVak;)an. sMxan; bMputenaH KWRtUveFVIya:gNaeGayCnrgeRKaHGacebIkbiTEPñkrbs;eK)an edIm,IkarBarEPñkenaHmin eGayqøgemeraKnwgPaBs¶Üt. RKUeBTüGaceFVIkarvHkat;edIm,IsþarRtbkEPñkeLIgvij RbsinebIRtbk EPñkRtUv)ansIubMpøajedayTwkGasIut b¤k¾ecoryksac;RCIvRCYjenAtamEs,krgVg;EPñkecj enAeBl EdlrbYs)anCasHRsYlbYlehIy .

karTTYlTanGaharRKb;RKan;mansar³RbeyaCn_Nas;sMrab;CnrgeRKaH edaysarxøÜnR)aN eKRtUvkarzamBleRcInedIm,IRbyuT§Tb;Tl;nwgdMe)ArlYykøay nigedIm,IBüa)alrbYspg . CnrgeRKaH edaykarrlakRtUvkaLÚrIGaharya:gticNas;k¾BIrdgeRcInCagCnFmµtaEdr . enHvaGacCakarlM)ak mYyEdr RbsinebICnrgeRKaHrlakCMuvijmat;nwgmankarBi)akkñúgkarelbGahar b¤k¾KµanR)ak;RKb; RKan;sMrab;TijmðÚbGahar . eBlenaHCnrgeRKaHGacCab;vilvl;kñúgcrnþénkgVHCIvCatiGahar ehIy dMe)ArlYykøaynwgGacQaneTArkkarGnþraybEnßmeTotdl;Es,k .

dMe)ArlYynwgGacCasHes,Iykñúgry³eBlBI 3 eTA 12Ex eBalKWkñúgry³eBlenHEs,k nigekasikaGacduHeLIgmkvij . EtEs,ksMlakGacnwgduHvivDÆn¾kñúgry³eBlBI1-2qñaM . eday vaduHeLIgvijCaEs,kRkmrRkas;²nwgRbTajrej:réj: EdlbNþaleGaymanBikarPaBCaGciéRnþy¾ edaysarkarCab;KaMgBIkarminkMerIkclna dUcCasMlakEs,kRbTajdgkeTAnwgdgsµaGaceFIVeGay CnrgeRKaHminGacgakk,al b¤kMerIkéd)angayRsYl. elakevC¢bNiÐtRtUveFIVkarvHkat;ykecj nUvRkmrEs,k edIm,Ibn§ÚrclnaEs,k nigvHkat;pSaMEs,kelImuxrbYsTaMgenaHeGay)aneRcInelIk eRcInsar. Es,ksMlakBIkarsHes,IyenaH k¾nwgGacduHRKbrn§RcmuH nigrn§RtecokpgEdr kñúgsßan PaBEbbenHeKRtUvEteFVIkarvHkat;CacaM)ac; edIm,IecorykEs,kduHminRbRktITaMgenHecj .

karBüa)alelIsrIragÁkayedayslüsaRsþRtUveFIVeGay)anjwkjab ; KWCakarcaM)ac ;Nas; edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBGskmµclnaCnrgeRKaH EdlbNþalmkBIsMlakRkmrsHes,IyBImuxrbYs edayELkkareRbIbg;rwtyWtk¾GacCYykat ;bnßyrwtbRgYmRkmrRkas;rwg)anpgEdr . eTaHbICay:ag Nak¾eday karerobcMmeFüa)ayBüa)al KWmankarlM)akeRcInenARbeTskm<úCa. eRbgRkmYnlab Es,kGacCYykat;bnßyPaBrmas;BIkarsHes,IymuxrbYsEdr EtvamantMéléføsMrab;CnrgeRKaHxøH .

dMNak;kalcugeRkayénkarBüa)alKWkarBüayamsþarPinPaKépÞmux nigrUbragrbs;Cnrg eRKaHeLIgvijtamlT§PaBEdleKGaceFVIeTA)an . enAkñúgdMNak;kalenH dMe)AGacCasHes,IyTaMg Rsug ehIysøaksñam nigkMhUcRTg;RTayénxøÜnR)aNelcecjmkya:gc,as; . CnrgeRKaHGacnwg RtUvkarkarvHkat;eRcInelIkeRcInsarkñúgry³eBlBIr-bIqñaMbnþKña. Es,kduHRkas;GacnwgRtUvvHyk ecj b¤sñamrbYsGacnwgRKbdNþb;edayEs,kl¥EdleKykecjBIEpñkNamYyénxøÜnR)aNCnrg

23

eRKaH . slübNÐitRtUvBüayamEkkunRTg;RTaybbUrmat; RtbkEPñk f<al; nigEpñkepSg²eTotén épÞmux eTaHbICaCMnajenHenAmankMritTabenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCak¾eday .

eTaHbICaeRkayeBlEdlrbYsrbs;CnrgeRKaH)anCasHes,IyTaMgRsugehIyk¾eday Cnrg eRKaHnwgGacmankarQWcukcab; nigkarlM)akkñúgxøÜnenAeLIy . PaKeRcInénCnrgeRKaHEtgEtniya yfasñamdMe)Arbs;BYkeKrmas;nwgQWpSa rIÉGñkxøHeTot)anniyayfa BYkeKmankarlM)akkñúgkar dkdegðIm b¤manbBaðasuxPaBepSg² . CnrgeRKaHmñak;)aneBalfa :enAeBlEdl´QWpSaehIy sñamdMe)Arbs;´rmas; nigmankarBi)akkñúgkardkdegðIm eBlenaHehIyEdl´Bi)akRTaMNas;. ´min Gacnwgerobrab;BIkarQWcab; PaBrgTukçevTnaEdl´kMBugTTYlenaH)aneLIy ehIyKµanGVImYyGac mkCYyrMElkykkarQWcab; nigTukçevTnaenHecjBI´)aneTotpg . :

esvakmµkñúgmnÞIreBTü esvakmµevC¢saRsþkñúgmnÞIreBTüsMrab;CnrgeRKaHedayrlakTwkGasIutenAmankMritTabxøaMg

Nas; . enATIRkugPñMeBj CnrgeRKaHPaKeRcIneTATTYlkarBüa)alenAmnÞIreBTüRBHkusm³ EdlmnÞIr eBTüenH)anBüa)alCnrgeRKaHedaykarrlakCaeRcInqñaMmkehIy EdlkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñenHmnÞIreBTü enH)anebIkGgÁPaBCMnajBiessBüa)alxagdMe)Arlak b¤karrlak . GgÁPaBenHTTYlBüa)alkar rlaksBVsareBI ehIyk¾CaGgÁPaBCMnajEtmYyKt;enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaenH . enAkñúgmnÞIreBTüenH GgÁPaBenHmanEtERKBIrsMrab;TTYlGñkCMgW nigmanslübNÐit 3nak; Kilanub,dæak 3nak; . enA RkugPñMeBjmanmnÞIreBTükal;Em:Rt mnÞIreBTüRBHsIhnu mCÄmNÐlénkþIsgÇwmCYnkalTTYlBüa)al GñkrgeRKaHedayrlakTwkGasIutpgEdr . ÉenAtamextþvijGñkrgeRKaH)ansVHEsVgrkkarBüa)al BImnÞIreBTüextþ EdlmnÞIreBTüTaMgenHmanRbdab;]bkrN_tictYcsMrab;Büa)alrbYsRbePTenH b¤CYn kalCnrgeRKaH RtUv)aneKbBa¢Únmkkan;TIRkugPñMeBj RbsinebICnrgeRKaHmanesah‘uyRKb;RKan; b¤CYnkaleToteKRKan;EtCYyecjesah‘uydwkCBa¢ÚnCnrgeRKaHmkmnÞIreBTüTIRkugPñMeBj .

CnrgeRKaHGacnwgsMrakBüal)alxøÜnkñúgmnÞIreBTüeRcIns) a þh_ b¤eRcInExGaRs½yeTAtam sPaBénrbYsrbs;eK . eRkayBIRKUeBTüGnuBaØateGayecjBImnÞIreBTü BYkeKGacnwgRtLb;mk mnÞIreBTüCafµIm þgeTot b¤eTACYbGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)almYycMnYn edIm,IeFVIkarvHkat;bEnßm . Cnrg eRKaHxøH)anTTYlkareFVIslükmµtamdanBImCÄmNÐlvHkat; ROSE (kULab) enAeKonXøaMg BIGgÁkar minEmnrdæaPi)alepSg² dUcCaGgÁkarRKUeBTüBiPBelak EdlCYnkalGgÁkarenH)anbBa¢ÚnRkumslü bNÐitmkbMeBjebskkmµry³eBlxøIenARbeTskm<úCa .

24

edaysarEtkgVHCMnaj nig]bkrN_ mnÞIreBTüminGaceFVIGIV)aneRkAEtBIp þl;karBüa)alRbqaMg cMeBaHkarrIkraldaléndMe)ArlYy ehIynwgCYydl;karpSHmuxrbYsrYmTaMgkareFVIslükmµmUldæan b:ueNÑaH. slükmµTMenIb dUcCakarvHkat;CYsCulRtecok nigRcmuHeLIgvijenAminTan;GaceFVI)an enAeLIy .

CaFmµta CnrgeRKaHRtUvEtbg;éføesvaBüa)alevC¢saRs þenAtambNþamnÞIreBTürdæ eTaHCa manmnÞIreBTümYycMnYnRbEhlCaGacnwgminykR)ak;BICnRkIRkk¾eday . ry³eBlEdlCnrgeRKaH Gacsñak;enAkñúgmnÞIreBTü nigKuNPaBénesvakmµevC¢saRs þEdlCnrgeRKaHGacnwgTTYl)anvaGaRs½y TaMgRsugeTAnwgfvikaEdlCnrgeRKaHenaHmansMrab;cMNay . RkumevC¢bNÐitEdlkMBugbMerIkarenA tambN þamnÞIreBTürdækñúgTIRkugPñMeBj)anR)ab;eGaydwgfa BYkxøÜn)anp þl;dMbUnµaneGayRkumRKYsar CnrgeRKaHrkTijfñaMl¥¥enAxageRkAmnÞIreBTü RbsinebIRkumRKYsarCnrgeRKaHenaHmanluykak;FUrFa. CnrgeRKaHEdlmanlT§PaBxagEpñkfvika GacnwgeFVIdMeNIreTABüa)alxøÜnenAKøInikÉkCn b¤eTA RbeTsevotNam b¤eTARbeTsepSg²edIm,IBüa)aledayxøÜneK .

karcMNayEpñkevC¢saRs þminEmncb;RtwmCnrgeRKaHcakecjBImnÞIreBTüenaHeT . Cnrg eRKaHGacnwgRtUvkarbg;rMurbYs fñaMGg;TIb‘ÍyU:TIk b¤]sfepSg²eTotsMrab;Büa)alxøÜneKenAÉpÞH . eKk¾ RtUvcMNayelIkareFVIdMeNIr CaBiessesah‘uyeFVIdMeNIrsMrab;CnrgeRKaHmkTTYlkartamdanBüa)a lvHkat;enATIRkugPñMeBj . ehIyCnrgeRKaHEdlCaFmµtaminmanlT§PaBnwgRbkbkargar edIm,I )anR)ak;cMNUlRsab;ehIyenaH k¾RtUvkarTTYlTanGahar nigkarcMNayepSg²kñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ . CnrgeRKaHrs;enAkñúgRKYsarRkIRkGacnwgRtUvbgçMcit þlk;m:UtU dIFøI b¤RTBüsm,t þiepSg²eTot edIm,Ibg; éføcayvayxagelITaMgGs;enH EdlCaktþamYyCMrujBYkeKeGayQancUleTAeRCAkñúgPaBRkIRk .

CnrgeRKaHxøHmin)anrYsran;eTAmnÞIreBTüPøam²eT eRkayBIxøÜnrgkarvayRbharedayTwk GasIut KWBYkeKEbrCaRbwgERbgeFVIkarBüa)aledayxøÜnÉgeTAvij b¤k¾eTArk]sfkarIkñúgmUldæanKat; rs;enA b¤eTArkRKUExµr . eyagtamevC¢bNÐitEdlbMerIkarenAmnÞIreBTükal;Em:Rt )aneGaydwgfa ya:gehacNas;manCnrgeRKaHedaysarTwkGasIut 16 nak; mksMrakBüa)alenAmnÞIreBTüenH ehIyEdlBYkeKmin)anRbjab;mkmnÞIreBTüPøamenaHeT eRkayBIeKrlakTwkGasIutPøam²enaH . CnrgeRKaHTaMgenaH)anbEg¥bg¥g;Gs;eBlya:gticNas;k¾mYyEx ehIyCYnkaleTotmanry³eBl dl;eTA 6ExmunnwgBYkeKsMercfaRtUvmkkan;mnÞIreBTükal;Em:Rt . CnrgeRKaHTaMgLayNaEdlmin )anmkBüa)alseRgÁaHbnÞan;enAmnÞIreBTüRtwmRtUveTenaH eRcInEtmanbBaðasuxPaBF¶n;F¶rmansøak sñameRcInnwgbNþaleGayxUcRTg;RTayrUbsm,t þikan;EtF¶n;F¶r .

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m þayrgeRKaHdl;søab; ÉkUnvijRtUvrgrbYsF¶n;F¶r

raRtIéf¶mYykñúgExFñÚ qñaM 1999 mankumaraBIrnak;kMBugEtniRnÞalg;lk;Cam þayenAkñúglMdæan pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeKÉRsukéRBQrext þkMBg;cam . kñúgraRtIenaH manbursbInak;mkQrenABImuxpÞH ERskehAm þaykumaraTaMgBIrnak;enaHeGayebIkTVar . nagCamþayenaHk¾)anegIbGuccegáógehIylUk édebIkTVareLIg Rsab;EtrMeBcenaHmanTwkGasIutCHmkelImuxrbs;nag ehIyTwkGasIutCaeRcIneTot )anx©ayeTAeRsacelIkumaraGayu 12qñaMEdlRtUvCakUnrbs;Rs þIrgeRKaH EdlkumaraenH)anegIbeRkak eLIgenAxN³eBlEdlm þayrbs;va)anebIkTVarenaH . Ékumaramñak;eTotEdlkMBuglg;lk;kñúgdMeNk enaH)anTTYlrgrlakTwkGasIuttictYc .

Cnéddl;)anrt;eKcxÜøn)at;eTA kñúgxN³eBlEdlm þayenaH)anERskPøat;sMelgeLIgnwg bMrHnenoledaykarQWcukcab; . bgRbusnagEdl)anrs;enApÞHCitxagEk,renaHEdr)ansÞúHmkCYy b¥ÚnRsIrbs;xøÜn . nag)anrgrbYsya:gF¶n;F¶relImux nigedImRTUg ehIysk;rbs;nagvijRtUv)aneqH exøacdac;Gs; . RKaenaHxøÜnR)aNrbs;nag)ancab;ep þImkRnþak;Rbkac; ehIynagrmYlxøÜncuHeLIgeday karQWcukcab;eBItpSa ÉTwkenam niglamk)anecjmkedaynag\tdwgxøÜn . BIrem:ageRkayBIkar cukcab;mknagk¾)ansøab;enAelIpÞHrbs;nag enAcMeBaHmuxsac;BaJatirbs;nagEdlmkecameramcg; CYynagenaH .

kUnRbusc,g TwkGasIut)aneqHrlakeralralya:gF¶n;F¶relIépÞmux edIm RTUg nigxñg ÉkUn Rbusb¥Únvij)anrlakGs;k,almYycMehog . kumaraTaMgBIrnak;enaHRtUveKnaMykmkkan;mnÞIreBTü RsukrYcmkkan;mnÞIreBTüext þ EtmnÞIreBTüext þminGnuBaØateGayBYkeKcUlsMrakBüa)aleTedaysar kumaraEdlmanGayu 12qñaM enaHmanrbYsF¶n;F¶reBk . kumaraTaMgBIrnak;enaH k¾RtUv)aneKbBa¢Únbnþ mkkan;mnÞIreBTüenARkugPñMeBj . RsIþéddl;eQµaH vg; enom manGayu 43qñaMCaGñk)aneFVIkarvayRbharenHCamYynwgGñkrYm édBIrnak;eTot . vg; enom )anElglHCamYyb I þnagkalBIRbmaN 6 ExmunenH . bIExmunénkarvay RbharenHekIteLIg vg ; enom )aneXIjGtItb þIrbs;nagQreFVIkarkñúgERsCamYyCnrgeRKaHEdlnaM eGaynagcab;cit þsgS½y faGñkTaMgBIrmansm<½n§PaBGVImYyCamYyKña . nag enom )anRBmanfa : mI Naykb þ IGj Rby½tñeBaHevonehaHebIugeLIgtamxül;vuIy : .

nag vg; enom RtUvtulakarvinicä½yBIbTmnusSXatedayeRbIR)as;TwkGasIuteFIVCaGavuFRbhar edaydak;eTaseGayCab;Bn§naKar 18qñaM . CnrYmédmñak;CabursEdlmaneQµaH sYn But )anTTYl eTasCab;KukbIqñaM ÉCnrYmédmñak;eTotCab¥ÚnRbusrbs; sYn But )anrt;eKcxøÜn)at;EtRtUvtulakarkat; eTaskM)aMgmuxeGayCab;Bn§naKarcMnYn 14qñaM.

kUnCnrgeRKaHRtUvBuHBareGayxøÜn)anCasHes,IyBImuxrbYs edIm,ImkRbQmmuxnwgkøayCa kumarkMRBam þayGs;mYyCIvit . kUnRbusb¥Ún \LÚvenHkMBugrs;enACamYysac;BaJatiÉext þkMBg;cam

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ÉkUnRbusbg EdlTTYlrgrbYsya:gF¶n;F¶renaHvij kMBugrs;enACamYyGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)almYy enATIRkugPñMeBj . muxmat; nigxøÜnrbs;kumarabgenH mankarxUcRTg;RTayya:gF¶n;F¶renAeLIy mk Tl;nwgeBlenH . kumaraenH)anTTYlkarvHkat;edIm,IbnßysøaksñamEdl)anbnSl;Tukedaykar rlakGasIut ehIykumarenHenARtUvkarkarvHkat;eRcIneTotkñúgeBlGnaKt . suxPaBrbs;vaman PaBmineTogTat; vaEtgEtt¥ÚjEt¥rfa manRKunek þA rgar k¥k nigrmas;elIsñamdMe)AEdlsHes,Iy .

5- plvi)akepSg²eTotrbs;CnrgeRKaHedaykarrlakTwkGasIut

cUrelak-GñksaknwkRsémbn þiclemIl_fa ebIelak-GñkmanépÞmuxeBareBjeTAedaysñam EdlKYreGayxøac . etIelak-GñkmanGarmµN_ya:gNaEdr ? etImnusSTUeTAnwgsMEdg\riyabTy:ag NaxøHmkelIGñk ? karvayRbharedayTwkGasIut)anpøas;b þÚrCIvitmnusSCaerogrhUtedaysar Gñk rgeRKaHRtUvTTYlCaRbcaMnUvTaruNÐkmµxagpøÚvcit þRBmTaMgplvi)akxagesdækic© nigEpñksgÁmrs;enA .

plvi)akxagpøÚvcit þ karykTwkGasIutmkvayRbhar vaminRKan;EtbMpøajEs,k nigq¥wgb:ueNÑaHeT Etva)anbMpøaj

ya:gF¶n;F¶rdl;pøÚvGarmµN_ nigkarKitrbs;CnrgeRKaHeTotpg . bBaðavibtiþxagpøÚvcit þenH CnrgeRKaH )anTTYlecjBIesck þIP½yxøacsBVEbbya:g EdlekItmaneLIgkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarrgTwkGasIut edayehtufa eBlenaHeK)anPøk;rsCatiénkarrlayEs,k ehIymanrUbragd¾GaRkk;GaRkImYyEdl eKBMuFøab;CYbRbTHehIyRtUvrs;enACamYysøaksñamTaMgenHGs;mYyCIvit .

CnrgeRKaH)anrgTukçevTnaCaeRcInEbby:ag • RBYycit þ ³ manGarmµN_Bi)akcit þ nigGs;sgÇwm ecHEtKitfaeKminGacnwgrs;enAkñúgCivit

FmµtadUceKÉg)aneT . • manKMnitKitEtcg;sMlab;xøÜn nwkKitRBYy)armÖeRcInhYsehtu. • manbBaðadMeNk ³ edkminlk; b¤ecHEtyl;sb þiGaRkk;.

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• mankarP½yxøac³ P½yxøacCnéddl;enaHRtLb;mkeFVI)abxøÜnm þgeTot P½yxøackñúgkaredIr ecjeTAeRkA)anCYbmnusSpgTaMgBYg .

• QWk,al Tn;exSayGs;kMlaglðitélð Bi)akkñúgkarRbmUlGarmµN_ nigePøcPøaMgeRcIn . evC¢bNÐit nigKilanub,dæakenAmnÞIreBTüext þkMBg;camniyayfa CnrgeRKaHedayTwkGasIut

EtgEtTTUcfaBYkeKmincg;rs;enAteTAeToteT . BYkeKmankarBi)akcit þ eGonxµas; )armÖeRcIn nig minGactaMgsµartI)an . BYkeKmankarP½yxøacfamnusSmñaTaMgGs;nwgElgmanGñkNamñak;ykcit þ Tukdak;cMeBaHBYkeKkñúgeBlGnaKt elIsBIenHeTAeTotBYkeKmanGarmµN_enAÉekakeNþackENþg .

CIdUnmñak;EdlmanecARtUv)anTTYlrgeRKaHedaysarTwkGasIut)anniyayeGaydwgfa ecA RsIrbs;Kat;EdlRtUv)aneKnaMykmkkan;mnÞIeBTüRBHkusm³enATIRkugPñMeBjenaH )anTTUcsMueGay RkumRKYsarrbs;nagR)ab;eGayRKUeBTücak;fñaMsMlab;nagecaleTA . CIdUnenaH)anR)ab;»ydwgeTot faecARsIrbs;Kat;\LÚvenH )anRtUvRKUeBTübeBa©jBImnÞIreBTüehIy EtnagenAEtekItTukçeRkomRkM manPaBGam:as;Cab;xøÜn mankarP½yxøacnwgGnaKtrs;enArbs;nag ehIyyMesak\tRsakRsan þ .

CnrgeRKaHTTYlvibtþipøÚvcitþyUrqñaM ¬RbsinebIvibtþienaHminsßitesßrmYyCIvit¦ edaysarBYkeK ecHEtyl;sbiþGaRkk;enAEPñkRss;ral;éf¶ nUvsMlaksñamditCab;nwgrUbragrbs;BYkeKEdlCamrtk rbs;TwkGasIut . BYkeKRbEhlCaminGacnwgs‘URTaMemIlrUbragGaRkk;rbs;xøÜnenAkñúgkBa©k;eT b¤ min h‘aneGayGñkdéTsMlwgemIlBYkeKeLIy . BYkeKGacnwgmanGarmµN_Gs;sgÇwm Gs;témøkñúgqak CIvit ehIyecHEtKitfaBYkeKKµanGVIEdlKYreGayesaks þaycg;rs;enAenaHeToteLIy . CnrgeRKaH mñak; Edl)anrYcCIvitBITwkGasIut)anniyayfa : ´manrUbragdUcexµac ´s¥b;xøÜn´xøaMgNas; . ´man RBlwgviBaØaNCaexµacRsIkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñenH : . rIÉRs þIrgeRKaHmñak;eTot)anniyayfa : xøÜnR)aN´ enAmanCIvitenAeLIy EtRBlwgviBaØaN´)ansøab;put)at;eTAehIy : .

plvi)akxagsgÁm nigesdækic© CnrgeRKaHRtUvrs;RbQmmuxnwgkarerIseGIgBImnusSTUeTAGs;mYyCIvit . BYkeKGaceTACa

mnusSÉeka eBareBjeTAedayPaBGama:s; edaysarmnusSpgTaMgBYgGacnwgsMLk;sMLwgelIrUbrag BYkeK b¤esIccMGknwgrUbragTaMgenaH ehIysIþbenÞasvasnaGaRkk;rbs;BYkeK b¤CYnkaleToteKnaM KñaeKcecjmineGayCYbmuxesaHEtm þg . mitþP½kþ nigRkumRKYsarrbs;BYkeKGacnwge)aHbg;BYkeK ecal . ÉCnrgeRKaHvijGacnwgmincg;cakecjBIkñúgpÞHrbs;BYkeK . ehIysUm,IEtkargarkMbiuk kMb:ukdUcCaedIreTApSar GacCakarmYyd¾Gam:as;nwgP½yxøacNas;sMrab;BYkeK . cMeBaHCnrgeRKaH EdlenAlIvvij eRcInEtenAlIvya:genHrhUtGs;mYyCivitKµanéf¶nwg)anerobkardUceKÉgeLIy .

28

karerIseGIgBIsMNak;mnusSTUeTA b¤k¾BikarPaB dUcCaBikarEPñk )anbN þaleGayCnrgeRKaH mankarlM)akkñúgkarEsVgrkkargareFVInwgrkR)ak;cMNUl . ]TahrN_ CnrgeRKaHmñak;)ansg;tUb Rbkbmuxrbrlk;)aytamdgpøÚvRtUvbgçMcit þxøÜnÉge)aHbg;ecalmuxrbrenH edaysar {mnusSmñaman karxøacjejItnwgs¥b;ex<ImrUbrag´xøaMgNas; BYkeKminh‘ancUlmkhUbGaharrbs;´lk;eT } . ehtudUecñH)anCaCnrgeRKaHPaKeRcIn rs;enABwgGaRs½yelIRkumRKYsarrbs;BYkeKkñúgkarpÁt;pÁg; es,ógGahar nigfvikaepSg²EdlenHCakt þamYyCMrujeGayRKYsarCnrgeRKaHkan;EtmansßanPaBRk lM)akCalMdab; ehIyEdlnaMeGayRKYsarsßitkñúgsßanPaBtantwgTaMgxagpøÚvkay nigxagpøÚvcit þ ehIyGacQaneTArkCMelaHkñúgRKYsareTotpg . ehtuenH eKGacniyay)anfaTwkGasIutminRtwmEt eFVIeGayCnrgeRKaHpÞal;rgTukçevTnaenaHeT EtRkumRKYsarrbs;CnrgeRKaHk¾RtUvrs;rgnUvesck þITukç evTnaeRcInEbbeRcInya:g .

ehtudUecñH eTaHbICaBYkeKCYbRbTHkarlM)akeRcIny:agNak¾eday erOgsMxan;EdlKYrRtUvcg

caMenaHKW Gñkrs;ranmanCIvitedayTwkGasIutsuT§EtGacksagCivItBYkeKsarCafIµ)anTaMgGs;. vaCa kargayeBkehIy EdlmnusSmYycMnYnmanTsSn³xusqÁgfa Gñkrs;ranmanCIvitedayTwkGasIut minGacEsVgrkGnaKtl¥sMrab;xøÜnÉg)aneLIy . BYkeKGacman»kasEsVgrkkargareFiIVnwgrs;enA y:agrIkray-RbsinebImankarKaMRT elIkTwkcitþnwgpþl;kal³eTs³eronmuxCMnajfIµ²CaeRcIn edIm,I eGayBYkeKGacykkarecHdwgTaMgenaHeTACYyRTRTg;xøÜneK.

BnøWénesckIþsgÇwmcMeBaHGnaKtkal kalBIqñaM 1993 eRkayeBlrUbKat;Føak;xøÜnBikarEPñkTaMgsgxagedaysarkarvayRbhar

edayTwkGasIutelIépÞmuxKat;kñúgehtukarGMeBIecarkmµmYy . b‘un em:A cg;EtsMlab;xøÜn edayKat;Kit farUbKat;;KµantMélGIVsMrab;rs;enAteTAeToteLIy. db;qñaM)anknøgputeTA eBlenHKat;GaceRbIR)as; RbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r ehIyTTYl)ansBaaØb½RtBImhaviTüal½yeTotpg. m:üagvijeTot rUbKat;)ankøayCa naykRKb;RKgsmaKmmYyEdlRTRTg;CYydl;CnBikarEPñk.

elak b‘un em:A manGayu 33qñaMehIymkTl;eBlenH eRkamkarts‘Urs;enAedaykIþsgÇwm kñúgnamCaGñkrs;ranmanCIvitenABIkarvayRbharedayTwkGasIut. fIVti,tebI RtUvrs;RbQmmuxCa mYy]bs½KÁeRcInCMBUkkIþ EtKat;GaceFIVGIV²)anedayeCaKC½ydUcmnusSd¾éTeTotpgEdr.

elak b‘un em:A CanisitSenAmhaviTüal½ymñak;kñúgqñaM 1993 enAeBlEdlecarbøn;)anCHTwk GasIutdak;rUbKat;edImI,bøn;ykm:UtUrbs;Kat;enAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj . em:A RtUv)annaMeTAkan;mnÞIreBTü G‘untak; ehIy)anTTYlkarBüa)alBIRkumRKUeBTüCnCatiGaløIm:g;. RkumRKUeBTü)anlYgelamnwg R)ab;Kat;fa EPñkKat;TaMgBIrnwgminGacemIleXIjteTAeToteT . Kat;tk;søútnwgGs;sgÇwmy:agxøaMg

29

eBlB¤elakRKUeBTüR)ab;Kat;GMBIdMNwgGkuslenH Kat;R)ab;elakRKUeBTüeGaysMlab;Kat;Etmþg eTA. b:uEnþelakRKUeBTüminGaceFIVtamkarTTUcsMurbs;Kat;eLIy. Kat;KiteXIjfamanEteFIVGtþXat edayxøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaHeTIbCameFüa)ay . { eRBaH´yl;fa ´CamnusSminGacrs;enAteTAeTot)an CIvit´KµandYgviBaØaNCab;nwgxøÜnesaHeLIy ehIyCamnusSminGacBwgGaRs½yxøÜnÉg)aneToteTeRBaH ´CamnusSkMRBaKµan«BukmþaydUceKÉg . etIeGay´rs;enAeTotedayviFINa ? .}

b:uEnþem:A )anCMnHral;]bs½KÁedIm,Ikarrs;enAteTAeTot-bniþcmþg²Kat;)ancat;EcgpøÚvCIvitrs; enArbs;Kat;CasnSwm². Kat;)anKitfa- etIRtUveronEfrkSaxøÜnÉgedayrebobNa? kñuúgnamCaCnBi karEPñkmñak; dUcCacMGinGahar e)assMGat nigbMeBjkargarsBVy:agÉeTotdUcmnusSd¾éT . Kat; )ancUlsikSaGs;ry³eBlbIqñaMenAmCÄmNÐlsþarlT§PaBBlkmµsMrab;CnBikarEPñk enAvtþsarav½nþ eteCa EdlRKb;RKg]btßmfvikaredayGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alm:arINul . Kat;)aneronPasaGg; eKøs GkSrsÞabedayéd ¬RbWl Cak,ÜnGkSrsÞabedayédsMrab;EtmnusSBikarEPñkeron ¦ eronCMnaj eRbIm:asIunGgÁúlIelx RBmTaMgmuxviC¢aCIv³d¾éTeTot . cugeRkaybMput Kat;)aneronkareFIVsréseday kareRbIbec©keTssÞabedayéd eRBaHmuxviC¢aenHGaceFIVeGayKat;manlT§PaBrkcMNUl)annaeBl GnaKt .

minEmnRKan;EteronmuxviC¢aCIvenaHvaRKb;RKan;eT Kat;RtUvkMNt;eGayc,as;las;nwgRbkb edayTMnukTukcitþelICMnajfIµ²TaMgenaH . Kat;RtUvCMnHral;karerIseGIgBImnusSd¾éT EdlEtgEtmak; gayfa mnusSxVak;dUcrUbKat;enHKµansmtßPaBeFIVGIV)aneT .

{enAeBl´cab;epIþm manmnusSxøH)anesIccMGkeGayrUb´- eKsYrfaehtuGIV´caM)ac;eront eTAeTot ? . ´manGarmµN_minsb,aycitþeLIy . ´)anBuHBaredIm,Ipøas;bþÚr\riyabTBYkeK . Ca snSwm²\riyabTBYkeKBitCa)anpøas;bþÚr. }

qñaM 1997 em:A nigsikSakamTaMgGs;)anbegáIßteGaymanmCÄmNÐlmYyEdlman eQµaHfa {karcab;srésedayéd} enATIRkugPñMeBj. edIm,Ipþl;esvakmµxagcab;srés CUnGtifiCnCaCnbr eTs nigGtifiCnExµr . karRbkbmuxrbenHmanPaBlUtlas;CalMdab; ÉbuKÁlikEdlCaCnBikarEPñk k¾)anTTYlcMNUlxaghirBaØvtßú edIm,IRTRTg;karrs;enArbs;BYkeKpgEdr edayBYkeKmin)ac;BwgEp¥k elIGñkd¾éTeTot.

sBVéf¶enHmCÄmNÐl { arcab;srésedayéd{ ekIneLIgcMnYnR)aMBIrkEnøg manbuKÁlikcab; ksrésedayédCaCnBikarEPñkcMnYn 40nak;kMBugbMerIkargarral;éf¶ . y:agehacNas;BYkeKGacTTYl kMércab;BI 50 eTA 200 duløakñúgmYyEx edayrYmTaMgmnusS 13nak;epSgeTot.

enAqñaM 1999 em:A )aneTAeFIVkmµsikSaEpñkCMnajxagkMuBüÚT½renARbeTséfLg;d_ ¬kareRbIm:a sIunEdlGacCECkqøgeqøIyKñasMrab;CnBikarEPñkeRbIR)as;)an¦ nwgCMnajelIkic©dwknaM . eRkayeBl vilmkRbeTskm<úCavij em:A)ankøayCaCnBikarEPñkdMbUgeKEdlRtUv)aneGaycUleronenAmhaviTüa l½yPñMeBj ehIyeBlfIµ²enHKat;)anTTYlrgVan;briBaØab½RtxagPasaGg;eKøs .

30

elak em:A cg;CYyGñkd¾éTepSgeTot minEmnRKan;EtrUbKat;mñak;eT . enAqñaM 2000 Kat;)an rYmcMENkbegIátsmaKménCnBikarEPñkkm<úCa KWCaGgÁkarsMrab;CnBikarEPñkCYyRTRTg;CnBikarEPñk dUcKña. rUbKat;RtUv)aneRCIserIsnwgEtgtaMgCanaykRKb;RKgenATIenaHrhUtmk .

elak em:A manCMenOy:agmutmaMfa vamansar³sMxan;Nas;EdlGñkrs;ranmanCIvitBIkarvay RbharedayGasIut nigCnBikarEPñkRKb;rUbRtUvts‘U RbwgERbgeronsURtmuxCMnajfIµ² edIm,IGacrk kMérciBa©wmCIvit)anedayxøÜnÉg edaymin)ac;BwgGaRs½yelIGñkd¾éT .

{BitCamankarerIseGIgsMrab;rUbeyIgral;Kña EtvaGaRs½yedayTegIVrbs;xøÜneyIgpÞal; faetI eyIgmanCMhrrwg wugkMritNa . RbsinebIeyIgKµanCMhrrwgbwugedImI,bgðajeGayeKeXIjfa eyIgBit bCamansmtßPaBGaceFIVkic©karTaMgenaH ehIyenAeBleK)aneXIjBIskmµPaBkic©karrbs;eyIgenaH eKnwgGacemIleXIjnUvPaBminBwgEp¥krbs;BYkeyIg . ehtuenHetIeKGacerIseGIg MeBaHeyIgeday cviFINa ?. eKRtUvEtQb;nUvskmµPaBerIseGIgcMeBaHeyIgteTAeTot eRBaHeyIgmansmtßPaBbMeBj kic©kardUcmnusSmanEPñkPWøEdr . eyIgGacrkkMér)anedayxøÜnÉg edaykarRbwgERbgeFIVkargar edaykMlaMgBlkmµrbs;eyIg eRBaHeyIgminEmnCasµÚmyack b¤ ecarlYceLIy.}

elak em:A cUlrYmelIkTwkcitþCnrgeRKaHTaMgLay sUmBuHBarral;]bs½KÁ edIm,IPaBRbesIrén CIvPaBrs;enAnwgsUmCMrujeGayrdæaPi)al mRnIþb:UlIs nigmRnIþtulakar emtþabMeBjPar³kic©eGay )anx¢ab;x¢ÜncMeBaHkic©karBarTb;sáat;kareRbIR)as;GasIutnwigpþnÞaeTasCnéddl; EdleRbIR)as;TwkGa sIutCaGavuFvayRbhar.

}Cabzm ´sUmeGayeKKitdl;GMBIGasIutnwgmnusSEdlkMBugeRbIR)as;GasIutedIm,IRbk Ga bCIvkmµnana . RbsinebI eKTaMgLaycg;eRbIR)as;GasIutsMrab;EtplRbeyaCn_CMnYjrksIu eKKYrEt manlixitGnuBaØatTijdUrGasIutenH . TIBIr RbsinebICnenaHeRbIR)as;GasIutedIm,IbMNgKMramkMEhg Gñkd¾éT CnenaHRtUvEtRbQmmuxcMeBaHpøÚvc,ab;y:agtwgrwgbMput KWkñúugn½yfa Cnéddl;enaHRtUvEtnaM eTAkan;tulakaredIm,Ivinicä½yeTas .{

fIVti,tebIrUbKat;BikarEPñkTaMgsgxag ehIyépÞmuxrbs;Kat;eBaeBjedaysMlaksñamKYr eGayxøack¾eday. rUbKat;k¾Føab;)anvHkat;EklMGRTg;RTaymux RcmuH mat; nigEpñképÞmuxd¾éTeTot EdlbMpøajxUceday\Ti§BlTwkGasIutGs;R)aMBIrelIkrYcmkehIy- elak em:A )andwgBIviFI nigehtupl CaeRcIn faetIRtUvrs;enAkñúgCIvitBikarPaB)anedayrebobNa .

sUmrMlwkfa bnÞab;BIKat;rgeRKaHedaykarvayRbharedayGasIutem:AmanKMnitcg;EtsMlab; xøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaH . EteBlenH em:AniyayTaMgjjwmfa }´sb,aycitþNas; nigkarrs;enAteTAeTot. ´rIkrayNas; Edl´)anCYymnusSd¾éTeGaymankargareFIV . eBlenH´minRKan;Etjjwmkñúgcitþ ´eT bu:Enþ´)aneFIVeGaymnusSd¾éTeTotjjwmenAelIpøÚvesckIþsgÇwmy:agmutmaMeq<aHeTArkGnaKt kald¾l¥mYy .{

31

6 -xagpøÚvc,ab;

etIRtUvpþnÞaeTasCnéddl;dUcemþc? c,ab;RBhµTNÐrbs;RbeTskm<úCamin)anbBaØatiGMBIGMeBIhwgSaedayTwkGasIutenaH . EteK

GacecaTRbkan;Cnéddl;BIbTbgárbYssñam EdlbTelµIsenHGaceGaymaneTasCab;Bn§naKarrhUt dl;db;qñaM . ehIyRbsinebICnrgeRKaHsøab; b¤Føak;xøÜnBikarGs;mYyCivit enaHeKGaceFVIkarecaT Rbkan;elICnéddl;kan;EtF¶n;eTAeTot edayecaTBIbTXatkmµ b¤karb:unb:geFVIXat b¤mnusSXat EdleTasenHnwgRtUvCab;Bn§naKarBI 10qñaM eTAGs;mYyCIvit .

etIc,ab;RtUveKGnuvt þn_Edrb¤eT? CaTUeTAb:UlIseRcIncat;viFankartamdankrNICHTwkGasIutdak;KñaenH ebIeyagtamesck þ I

raykarN_BIkaEst . b:UlIs)ancab;Xat;xøÜnya:gehacNas;mnusS 13nak; kñúgbN þa 44krNI Edl)anraykarN_enAtamkaEstkñúgry³eBlbIqñaMknøgeTAenH . enAkñúgkrNIepSgeRkABI 13xag elI manesck þIraykarN_BIkaEstmkfa b:UlIs)ankMBugEsVgrkCnCab;sgS½yEdl)anRbRBwt þbT elµIsEtkaEstmin)anbBa¢ak;fabU:lIs)ancab;Xat;xøÜnEdr b¤k¾ya:gNaenaHeT .

bBaðaekIteLIgCaFmµtamYy KWCnéddl;BüayambBa©úHbB©ÚalCnrgeRKaHeGaydkBakübN þwg ecjBItulakar edayPaKIxagCnéddl;suxcit þbg;R)ak; b¤snüaecjéføBüa)aldl;CnrgeRKaH . cM eBaHCnrgeRKaHmanCIvPaBRkIRkRtdabRtdYs ehIyRtUvRbQmmuxnwgkarbg;éføBüa)alxøÜnd¾eRcIn elIslubpg rYmTaMgdwgc,as;faxøÜnminGacnwgrkR)ak;cMNUlGVI)aneTnaGnaKtenaH BYkeKKµanCMerIs Na eRkAEtGMBIkaryl;RBmTTYlykR)ak;BICnéddl;enaHeT . CaGkusleTAeTotenaH mRn Iþb:UlIs nigmRnþItulakarxøHsuxcit þTTYlykdMeNaHRsayenH eTaHbICaTegVIenHva)anbMBantYnaTIrbs;BYkeK tampøÚvc,ab;k¾eday .

eKmin)andwgc,as;las;eTfa mankrNIvayRbharTwkGasIutb:unµanmkehIyeT EdlRtUv)an tulakarykmkvinicä½y ehIymanCnéddl;b:unµannak;ehIyEdl)anCab;eTasenaH . GgÁkarlIkadU )andwgB¤EteTAelIkarkat;eTaselI 6 krNIbu:eNÑaH ehIyCamYyKñaenaHGacmankat;eTasepSg²eTot EdlGgÁkarlIkadUmin)andwgB¤ . kñúgkrNImYycMnYntUc dMeNIrkarkat;eTaskMBugEtRtUv)aneFVI Etmin Tan;)anykmkvinicä½yeTasenAeLIyeT .

32

krNITaMg 6 EdlQaneTArkkarkat;eTas EdlCnéddl;RtUv)anpþnÞaeTasrYmman³ • Rs Iþmñak;Edl)anCHTwkGasIuteTAb þIRbmwkrbs;Kat;EdlkMBugvayeFVI)abKat; ehIyEdlbIþI

Kat;enHEtgEtvayeFVI)abKat;CaFmµta ¬TwkGasIut)aneFVIeGayb I þenaHxVak;EPñkmçag¦ nag RtUvtulakarvinicä½yeTaseGayCab;Kuk 4qñaM .

• Rs þImñak;Edl)anCHTwkGasIuteTAelIbþþIrbs;Kat; Edl)aneFVIeGayb þIenaHxVak;EPñkTaMgsg xag . karCHTwkGasIutenH edaysarbursCab þI)anlHElgnagecal ³ nagRtUv)anpþnÞa eTaseGayCab;Kuk 15qñaM .

• bursmñak;EdlCHTwkGasIuteTAelIRbBn§rbs;Kat; edaysarnag)ancakecalKat;eTArs; enACamYybursfµImñak;eTot ³ Kat;RtUvtulakarkat;eTaseGayCab;Bn§naKarcMnYn 9 Ex .

• Rs þImñak;EdlCHTwkGasIuteTAelIRbBn§cugrbs;b þIxøÜn eday)anbgárbYsd¾F¶n;F¶rdl;RbBn§ cugenaH ³ nagRtUvCab;Kuk 6qñaM BIbTb:unb:geFVImnusSXat .

• Rs þImñak;Edl)ansmøab;Rs þImñak;eTotnwgbgárbYssñamdl;kUnRbusBIrnak;rbs;CnrgeRKaH edaysarnagsgS½yfaCnrgeRKaHmanTMnak;TMngesñhaCamYyGtItbþþIrbs;Kat;³ nag

Cab;Kuk 18qñaM ¬CnrYmédBIrnak;)anRtUvvinicä½yeTasnwgdak;eTas eTaHbICamanmñak; kMBugrt;eKcxøÜnk¾eday¦.

• Rs þImñak;Edl)anCHTwkGasIutelIRbBn§cugrbs;b þIxøÜn )anbMpøajrUbragnagRbBn§cugenaH ya:gF¶n;F¶r ehIyRBmTaMgcab;CMritTarkrbs;CnrgeRKaHeTotpg ³ BüÜreTas 2qñaM ¬eBalKWCnéddl;min)anrs;enAkñúgKuk 1éf¶NaesaHeLIy¦ .

krNIxagelITaMgGs;enH Esþ geGayeXIjnUvkardak;eTasrbs;tulakarmanKMlatERbRbYl xusEbøkq¶ayBIKñaxøaMgNas; . ]TahrN_³ krNIbIEdltulakarext þkMBg;camykmkvinicä½ytulakar ecjsalRkmsMercdUcteTA ³ Cab;Kuk 9Ex Cab;Kuk 18qñaMnwgBüÜreTas 2qñaM .

mankardak;eTaselIBIrkrNI EdlbgðajeGayeXIjnUvPaBminsIusgVak;Kñakñúgkarecjsal RkmsMercdak;eTas ehIyEdlkarminRbsIuKñaenHRbEhlCaecjmkGMBIkarerIseGIgcMeBaHRs þIePT³ Rs þICHTwkGasIutdak;b þIRtUv)ankat;eGayCab;Bn§naKar 15qñaM ÉbursCHTwkGasIutdak;RbBn§xøÜnvij RtUv )ankat;eGayCab;KukEt 9Exb:ueNÑaH .

enAkñúgxN³eBlEdlCnéddl;CHTwkGasIutmYycMnYnRtUv)antulakarkat;eTas ehIy)an bBa¢ÚneTABn§naKarenaH Cnéddl;mYycMnYnepSgeTot CaBiessGñkEdlmanluy nigGMNackMBugrs; enAedIrehIreRkAKukya:gsb,ayrIkray . Cak;Es þgRs þImñak;Edl)anCHTwkGasIutelIRbBn§cugrbs;b þ I

33

Kat;ehIyRBmTaMgcab;CMritTarkrbs;RbBn§cugenaHeTot EdlkñúgenHCnrgeRKaHTTYlrgrbYssñam Gs;mYyCivit ehIyÉkUnrbs;nagvijmindwgCaeKykvaeTAdl;TINaeLIy . Cnéddl;eQµaH mij rINat EdlCaRbBn§nayTahanmanzann þrs½kiþ fñak;vresnIy_Ék )anRtUvkat;eTasedayBüÜreTasEt b:ueNÑaH EdlsalRkmenaHRtUv)anecjedayecARkmtulakarext þkMBg;cam .

]TahrN_mYyeTotenaHKW karCHTwkGasIutelIGñkcMerogkara:GUex kBaØatat ma:rINa enAkñúgqñaM 1999 RtUv)antulakarRkugPñMeBjecjdIkarcab;xøÜnCnéddl;BIbTb:unb:geFVImnusSXat EtCnéddl; enaHCaRbBn§rbs;mRn þIrdæaPi)ald¾manbNþ as½kþix<s; dUcenHnagminRtUv)aneKcab;xøÜnTal;EtesaH .

karEdlGñkmanGMNaccUlmkCab;Bak;B½n§kñúgerOgvayRbharTwkGasIutenH KWCasardMNwg mYybgðajBIeRKaHfñak;dl;sgÁmkm<úCafakarCHTwkGasIutKWCaTegVImYyEdlsgÁmGacTTYlyk)an . sardMNwgenHkan;EtRtUv)anBRgwgbEnßmeTot RbsinebICnéddl;minRtUv)aneKcab;xøÜn b¤pþ nÞaeTas eGay)anRtwmRtUvtampøÚvc,ab; .

etIBYkeKmanyl;BIkarQWcab;rbs;CnrgeRKaHEdrb¤eT? bUplminyl;esaH faetIehtu VI)anCamnusSGaRkk;Edl)anCHTwkGasuItmkelIrUbnag bMpøajmux G

mat; nigragkayrbs;nagGs; YyCIvitenaH minEdlCab;Kuk)anmYyéf¶NaTal;EtesaH . KµanGVIGacy m kmkb e G . tImþÚrkarQWcab;rbs;nag)aneLIy hIy bUpl cg;eGay aCaJFr)anyl;GMBIbBaðaenH e RnþItulakar nig GaCJaFrmanKuN ’ manc þGaN GasUrdl;mnusSEdrrWeT ? etIBYkeK)an GMBIkarQ ab;rbs;G r eRKaH Fm it it dwg Wc ñk gEdrb¤eT? nagyMerobrab; MBIkarQWcab;rbs;nag . ´QWcab;xøaMgNas; minGacykBaküGVImkniyay GeGaysmesµInwgTMhMénkarQWcab;enH)aneT . KµanGVIGacykmkeRbobpÞwmnwgkarQWcab;rbs; ñkrgeRKaH GedayrlakTwk asuItenaHeT. eRcInqñaMmkehIy eRkayeBlEdlnagTTYlrgkarCHTw GasuItmk GñkRbRBwtþ G kGaRkk;mkelIrUbnagEdlCaCnGñkmanluykak; enaHenArs;edayesrI ehIyeFVIGVI)antamGMeBIcitþ . cMENkÉ b CUpl Edl aCnRkIRkRtUvrs;kñúgKMnrTukçesakevTna nigesckþIP½yxøac . nagdwgfa nagminGaclubbM)at; sñamdMe)AEdlenAekþArmas;nwgQWcab;ecjBIépÞmux nigragkayrbs;nag)aneT . bUpl minsUvh‘anedIr ecjeTAeRkAeTeRBaHbgb¥Únrbs;CnelµIsEtgEtKMramkMEhg nagmineGaybþwgGMBIerOgenHeTAtulakar . nag Kµan)anTTYlkic©karBarNamYyBItulakareT rhU mkdl;eBlenHminTan;)ancab;CnelµIsmkpþnÞaeTasenA teLIyenaHeT . nag l yl;eXIjfaRkitü ,ab RtÚv)an Rg ehIyCnelµIsnwgRtÚvnaMmkkat;eTas bUp c ;nwg B wged ,Ibgðaj ar YlsÁal;én aBQWcab; nigT çesakrbs;CnrgeRKaH edayTwkGas enaH . nag lIm BIk TT P uk Iut bUp )an En a ´sUmGMBavnavdl;mRn ulakar mRnþIrdæaPi)al nigGaCJaFrmans tßkic ¾é eToteGayy þ b ßmf þIt m ©d T kcitTukçdak;pþnÞaeTasCnelµIs eTaHbICnenaHCaGñkRk b¤ kman GñkxøaMg b¤ kexSay GñkmanGMNac b¤RbCaCn Gñ GñsamBaØk¾eday .

34

KMnitepþImc,ab;d¾mansar³sMxan; esckþIRBagc,ab;sþIGMBIGMeBIhigSakñµúgRKYsarmanEcgBIkardak;eTasTNÐ dl;CnelµIseRbITwk GasIutedaytRmÚveGayCab;Bn§naKarBI 5 dl; 10qñaM . enHCaelIkdMbUgehIy Edlc,ab;km<úCaEcg GMBIbTelµIsTwkGasIutehIyc,ab;enHnwgCYynaMykCnelµIs EdlvayRbharedayTwkGasuItmkrk yutþiFm’nwg)anCakarelITwkcitþeGaymanEbbbTdUcKñakñúgkarkat;eTasCnelµIskñúgtulakar . esckþI RBagc,ab;enHnwgRtÚvEtTTYlGnum½tyl;RBmedaysPaCati nigRBwTæsPamuncUlCaFrman . edIm,IeGayc,ab;enHmanPaBkan;EtrwgmaM BaküeBcn_mYycMnYnenAkñúgmaRtc,ab;enHRtÚvEtman karpøas;bþÚrenAmuneBlsPa nigRBwT§sPaeFVIkarGnum½t. esckþIRBagc,ab;)anEcgEtBIsmaCikrbs; RKÜsarEdleRbIR)as;TwkGasuIt edIm,IeFVI)absmaCikNamñak;eTotenAkñúgRKÜsareKEtb:ueNÑaH ehIymin )anniyayeyageTAdl;CnelµIsEdl)anCHTWkGasuItelICnrgeRKaH EdlminEmnCasmaCikRKÜsar rbs;eKeT KWfadUcCaPriyaEdlCHTwkGasuIteTAelIRbBn§cugbþIrbs;eKCaedIm . karpøas;bþÚrBakü eBcn_RtÚveFVIeLIgedIm,IeGayRKbdNþb; eTAelICnNak¾edayEdl)ancak;TwkGasuItedaymUlehtuGVI mYyEdlTak;TwnnwgbBaðakñúgRKÜsarkþI b¤karTMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜnkþIedayminKitfa etICnelµIs nigCnrg eRKaHsßitkñúgRKÜrsarEtmYYy b¤pÞúyBIenHk¾eday . CamYyKñaenHpgEdr TNÐkmµRtÚvEtritbnþwgeGay xøaMgbMput CaBiesskñúgkrNIEdlbNþaleGaymanBikarPaBGs;mYYyCIvit dUcCaBikarEPñk kar)at;bg; RcmuH RtecokCaedIm .l. maRtac,ab;kñúgesckþIRBagc,ab;sþIGMBIGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsarenH CaKMnitepþImd¾mansar³sMxan; Nas;kñúgkarRbqaMgkarvayRbharedayTwkGasuIt EdlRtÚvEt)anTTYlkarKaMRTnwgBRgwgeGayman RbsiT§iPaBx<s;bMputtamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an . bEnßmeTAelIesckþIRBagc,ab;enH RkmRBhµTNÐ Edl)anesñIeLIgfµI²enHRtÚvEtmankardak;eTasTNÐeGay)anF¶n;F¶rdUcKñacMeBaH]RkidæCnEdleRbITwkGasIutsMrab;mUlehtuepSgeTot dUcCaecarkmµCaedIm.

7-bTBiesaFenARbeTsbg;køaEds

karvayRbharedayTwkGasuItk¾manekIteLIg kñúgbNþaRbeTsGasuId¾éTeTotEdr dUcCa RbeTsbg;køaeds \NÐa )a:KIsßan ma:eLsuI en)a:l; evotNam nigLav . bBaðaenHk¾mankarekIteLIg enAbNþaRbeTsxøH enAGWr:ub GaRhVik nigGaemrikpgEdr .

35

RbeTsmYyEdlmanbBaðaxøaMgCageKkñúgcMeNambNþaRbeTsdUceBalmkenH KWRbeTsbg; køaeds EdlmanGMeBIhigSaedayGasIutekIneLIgKYreGayP½yxøacenAb:unµanqñaMfµI²enH . ya:gehac Nas;k¾mankarvayRbharedayGasuItcMnYn 47 krNI enAqñaM1996 cMnYn 130 krNI kñúgqñaM1997 nigelIsBI 200 krNIkñúgqñaM 1998 . ya:gehacNas;mankarvayRbharedayTwkGasuItcMnYn 250 elIkkñúgmYyqñaM)anekIteLIg cab;taMgBIeBlenaHmkEdlmann½yfakarvayRbharedayGasuIt srubrYmmancMnYn 750 elIkkñúgcenøaHrvag qñaM 1999-2001. CadMbUg karvayRbharedayTwikGasIutenATIenaH KW)anekIteLIgcMeBaHmnusSeBjRkmuM nig kumarI EdlRbRBwtþedaybursEdlmankarRbc½NÐ b¤xwgsM)ardl;CnrgeRKaHEdlbdiesFminRBmtam karlYgelamrYmrkS nigsMeNIsMuerobkarrbs;BYkbursTaMgenaH . enAeBlEdlGMeBIhigSaedayTwk GasuItenHmankarekIneLIgenaH burs nigRsþIk¾)anTTYlrgnUvkarvayRbharenH ehIyCamUlehtuén karvayRbharenH k¾manPaBEbøk²KñaCaeRcInEdr . bc©úb,nñenH Cag 30 PaKryénGñkrgeRKaHKWCa burs ehIymUlehtucMbgénkarvayRbharedayTwkGasuItenaHKWCemøaHdIFøI . karekIneLIgénkar vayRbharenHmankarekIneLIg edaysarktþaepSg²CaeRcInrYmTaMgkarEdlxkxanmin)andak;eTas TNÐdl;CnelµIspgEdr . edaysarkarEdlCnelµIsminRtÚv)anTTYlTNÐkmµenaH GñkdéTeTot yl;fa BYkeKGacRbRBwtþbTelµIsenH ehIynwgBMumanGVIekIteLIgcMeBaHBYkeKenaH . kñúgcMeNamkar vayRbharedayGasIutcMnYn 750elIkmanenAcenøaHqñaM 1999 nig 2001 manCnelµIsEt 25 nak; b:ueNÑaHEdlTTYlkarkat;eTas . nKr)al nigmRnþItulakarbg;køaedsmanGMeBIBukrlYy mankar hVwkhat;tictYc nigGsmtßPaB . CnelµIsPaKeRcInKWCaGñkman nigCaGñkmanGMNacFM dUecñHehIy eK)ansUkluyeGayrdæGMNacmineGaycat;viFankarNamYy b¤karKMramkMEhgnwgbg;R)ak;dl;Cn rgeRKaHeGaydkBakübNþwgecjBItulakar . CnrgeRKaHPaKeRcInKWCaGñkRkIRk ehIyminsUvyl; dwgGMBIc,ab;TMlab; ehIyk¾minGacmanR)ak;kasRKb;RKan;edIm,IcaMeGaynKr)al nigtulakareFVIkar esIubGegát)aneT . bBaðaenHmanPaBF¶n;F¶rNas;rhUtbNþaleGayrdæaPi)al)anbegáIttulakar BiessmYy edIm,dak;eTasCnelµIseRbIkarCHTwkGasuItenH . mUlehtuepSgeTotTak;Tgnwgkarvay RbharedayGasIutenH KwbNþalmkBIktþasgÁmbg;køaedsEdlyl;fabursman]tþmPaBelIsRsþI EdlkarerIseGIg nigGMeBIhigSaelIRsþIKWCabBaðaFmµtaenaH . bursbg;køaedsPaKeRcIncat;TukRsþIfa CaRTBüsm,tþi ehIyminGacesµIPaBnwgburs)aneT ehIymanbursmYycMnYn)aneRbIGMeBIhigSa rMelaP bMBanpøÚvePT RbsinebIRsþIenaHbdiesFminRBmrYmePTCamYyeK b¤RbEkkminRBmerobkarCamYyeK enaH. EteTaHCay:agNak¾eday enAeBlkarvayRbharedayGasIutkan;EtmankarekIneLIgenaH bursk¾dUcCaRsþIEdr)ankøayCnrgeRKaHdUcKña . mUlehtumYyeTotenaH KWGasIutRtÚv)annaMcUleday

36

gay ehIymantMélefakeTotpgenARbeTsbg;køaeds. ehtudUecñH eTIb\LÚvenHrdæaPi)alerobcM c,ab;mYy edIm,IRtÜtBinitüelIkarlk;dUrGasIutya:gtwgrwgbMput .

8-Ganusasn_³

RtÚvEtRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgkarvayRbharedayGasIutcab;BIeBlenHeTA . karvayRbhareday GasuItKWCakarbMpøajya:gtMNMmkelIsgÁm nigvb,Fm’km<úCa ehIyGacTukCaKMrUd¾GaRkk;sMrab;kUnExµr CMnan;eRkay²eTot. RbsinebIkarvayRbharedayGasuItenHmankarekIneLIgkan;EteRcIneLIg² enaHmnusSCaeRcIneLIgnwgmankaeyl;fa karvayRbharEbbenH KWCaviFImYyEdlmankarTTYlsÁal; faCaGMeBIRtwmRtÚv kñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðarbs;BYkeK ehIysgÁmExµrenAEtTTYlkarbMpøajedayGa sIutCabnþeTAeTot . manKMnitepþImmYycMnYnEdlKYrykmkeRbIR)as;CabnÞan;sMrab;karBarnwgdak; eTasCnelµIsnwgCYydl;GñkrgeRKaHEdlrYmman³

c,ab;pþnÞaeTasCnéddl;³ sPaCati nigRBwT§sPaKYrBRgwgnwgGnum½telIvKÁx½NÐRbqaMgnwgkar vayRbharedayGasIutEdlmanenAkñúgesckþIRBagc,ab;sþIBIGMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar. c,ab;enH KYreRbIeTAelIkarvayRbharedayGasIutTaMgGs; edaysarbBaðaTMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜn b¤bBaðakñúg RKÜsar . TNÐkmµRtÚvEtritbnþwgeGayxøaMgbMput CaBiesskñúgkrNIEdlbNþaleGaymanBi karGs;mYYyCIvit dUcCakarBikaEPñkCaedIm . RkmRBhµTNÐEdl)anesñIeLIgfµI²enHRtUvEt mankardak;eTasTNÐeGay)anF¶n;dUcKñacMeBaH]RkidæCn EdleRbITwkGasIutsMrab;mUlehtu epSgeTot dUcCaecarkmµCaedIm. nKr)al tulakar nigsaFarN³CnRtÚvEtTTYl)ankar Gb;rMGMBIc,ab;enHbnÞab;BIsPaCati nigRBwT§sPaGnum½telIc,ab ;enH .

karGb;rMsaFarN³ sarFarN³Cn RtÚvEtTTYlkarGb;rM CaBiesstamry³tambNþajEdlman

RbCaRbiyPaB dUcCa viTüú TUrTsSn¾ GMBIPaBeXareXA nigPaBxVHsIlFm’énGñkvayRbhar edayTwkGasIut. karGb;rMRtÚveFVIkarsgát;eTAelIkarEdlfaGñkRbRBwtþbTelµIsnWgRtÚvbBa¢Ún eTAkan;Bn§naKar . karGb;rMKYrepþatpgEdreTAelIkarelIksÞÜyeGayman arGaNitGasUr kminEmnCakarsþIbenÞasdl;CnrgeRKaHeLIy .

37

CYyeGayCnrgeRKaHeGayh‘anniyay³ CnrgeRKaHedayGasIutnwgminRtYv)aneKdak; eGayenAÉeka nigRtUvEt)anykcitþTukçdak; . vaCakarsMxan;Nas;EdleGayCnrgeRKaH )anniyayGMBIbBaðarbs;eK ebImindUecñaHeT GacCYydl;CnrgeRKaH)antictYcNas;eGay cakputBIkarvayRbharenaH . KYrCYyCnrgeRKaHeGayGacbegáItCaRkú eLIg edIm,Iniyay mkñúgnameKpÞal;cMeBaHmuxrdæaPi)al tulakar nigsaFarN³Cn .

karefáaleTasdl;karvayRbharedayGasIut³ RnþICan;x<s; mRnIþn r)al mRnþItulakar m K

RKÚeBTü RBHsgÇ nigmRnþIGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al KYreFVIkarefáaleTasdl; kvayRbhareday GñeRbITwkGasIuteFVICaGavuF .

es ak µs aPi)al nigesvakmµepS eTo sMrab;CnrgeRKaH³v m ux g t CnrgeRKaHRtÚvkarCMnYy

B n it in KiessedIm,ICYsCuleLIgvij UvCIv rbs;eK . rdæaPi)al nigGgÁkarm EmnrdæaPi)al YrCYyya:g xøaMgkøadl;EpñkBüa)alkareqH-rlakenAÉmnÞIreBTüRBHkusm³ . EpñkBüa)alkareqH-rlakenHKYr RtÚv)an egáIteL enAtamex þRk . CnrgeRKaHKYrRtÚv)an þl arBieRKaH ¶W nigesvakmµxag b Ig t úg p ;k CmcitþsaRsþ nigKYrT Yl)anCMnYyKaMRTkñúgkarbeg Rk ed ,IRTRT ;KñaeTAvijeTAmk . T áIt úm Im g

RtYtBinitükarlk;TwkGasIut³ arl ;dUrGas an\ l øaMg² nigGas minTan;layRtÚvEtmank k Iutm Ti§B x Iut

k c ;. k ;Gñk G arkMNt;eday ,ab RtUvman arcuHeQµaH nigGasydæanrbs Tij asuItTaMgGs; . enAeBlm G Iut K VIk ñk wt k Iut Ban karvayRbhareday as mRnIþn r)alRtÚveF arRsavRCav faetIG RbRB þy Gas ecj I kEnøgNa . Gñklk;enaH k¾RtÚvEtTTYleTaspgEdr RbsinebIeKrkeXIjfa)anrMelaPc,ab;enaH.