Liberi Et Al Consolidated Appellees Brief Dock 31

8/2/2019 Liberi Et Al Consolidated Appellees Brief Dock 31

1/77

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666 Glijssg Bofl Djvsy/ Tvmyf 73Og`g}fyyf Nmoo/ [G 7=999(3647

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Dgtf5 77(60;2= ;4*7=*3;73 MI5 >7;2=>2 IayFlys}5 47 [gbf5 7 j` 22


2/77

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G{{foofft/ Omtg Omcfsm/ Omtg Jtyfoog/ [nmom{ E, Cfsb/ Ftwvmsf/ Bj F~dfo Bojcgo gli

Ogr J``mdft j` [nmom{ E, Cfsb QG{{foofftX hgaft ynf `joojrmlb djs{jsgyf

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Gyyjslf} `js G{{foofft/ Omtg Omcfsm/

Omtg Jtyfoog/ [nmom{ E, Cfsb/ Ftwvmsf/Bj F~dfo Bojcgo gli ynf Ogr J``mdft

j` [nmom{ E, Cfsb



3/77

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mm, Mlpgtmjl j` [smpgd} [vcomdgymjl j`

mmm, Mlpgtmjl j` [smpgd} @gotf Ombny[vcomdgymjl,,,92(9>

mp, Mlpgtmjl j` [smpgd} G{{sj{smgymjl

j` Lghf/ [njyj gli Omaf,9=(6;

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6, Mlyflymjlgo Ml`omdymjl j` Fhjymjlgo

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YGCOF J@ DJLYFLYT ( Djlymlvfi

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6/77

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YGCOF J@ GVYNJSMYMFT

Dgtft [gbf.t-

Gbvmogs p, Gpmt Sfly G Dgs T}tyfh/ Mld,/ .7===- 37 Dgo,9yn

737Q>2 Dgo,S{ys,3i 7431 =>; [,3i >90X,,,40/ 42/ 96/ 92

Ghfsmdgl Fdjljh} Mltvsgldf Dj, p, Sfcjglt/ Mld,/

>63@, Tv{{, >26/ >2=(>>; .L,I, Dgo,7==9-6;

Gllfyyf @, p, Tngsjl T,/ 77= Dgo, G{{, 9yn 7790/ 7702/76 Dgo, S{ys, 4i 7;; .Dgo, Dy, G{{, 3;;9-,,,64

Glym(If`ghgymjl Ofgbvf j` C"lgm C"smyn p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/

.7==>- 02 Dgo,G{{,9yn 7;23/ 7;2>(7;2=/ 2= Dgo, S{ys,3i 6=2,,,6;

Cfgvngslgmt p, Moomljmt/ 494 V,T, 36;

23 T, Dy, 236/ =0 O, Fi, =7= .7=63-,7/ 3/ 46/ 96/ 92

Cfnsflt p, [foofymfs/ 670 V,T, 3==/ 4;6/

770 T, Dy, >49/ 744 O, Fi, 3i 224 .7==0-7>

Cfsb p, Jcghg/ 6>0 @,4i 349 .4i Dms, 3;;=-,,30

Csmbbt p, Fifl Djvldmo `js Nj{f & J{{jsyvlmy}/ .7===-

7= Dgo,9yn 77;0/ 7734,,9;

Csjrl p, Afoo} Csjgidgtymlb Dj,/ .7=>=-9> Dgo,4i 277/ 290 QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 734(736X,42/ 96/ 92

Dglysfoo p, @jsfty Dmy} [vcomtnmlb Dj,/

97= V,T, 396/ =6 T,Dy, 906/ 93 O,Fi,3i 97= .7=29-46/ 96/ 92

Dgshfl p, Tgl @sgldmtdj Vlm`mfi Tdn, Imty,/342 @,4i 7;30/ 7;4; .=yn Dms, 3;;7-,,,3>

Dgttmsfs p, Amlbijh j` T{gml/

070 @,4i 7;7=/ 7;39 .=yn Dms, 3;7;-,,,7>



7/77

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YGCOF J@ GVYNJSMYMFT ( Djlymlvfi

Dgtft [gbf.t-

Dngdjlgt p, E[ Hjsbgl Dngtf Cgla/

274 @, Tv{{, 3i 77>;/ 77>2(>> .T,I, Dgo, 3;7;-60

Dnsmtymgl Ofbgo Tjd"} Dng{yfs j` Vlmp, j` Dgo, p, Rv/030 @,4i 9>4/ 9>2(>> .=yn Dms, 3;7;-,,3>

Dhy}, Djhhfsdf Cgla p, J"Csmfl/

473 @,4i 7746/ 7742 .=yn Dms, 3;;3-,,,3=

Djdnsgl p, Djdnsgl/ 06 Dgo, G{{, 9yn

9>>/ 9=9 .7==>-,,60

Djhfi} MMM [sjivdymjlt/ Mld, p, Bgs} Tgifsv{/ Mld,

36 Dgo, 9yn 4>2 .3;;7-,9=

Dys, `js Cmj(Fynmdgo Sf`jsh/ Mld, p, Dmy} & Djvly} j` Njljovov/

3;;0 V,T, G{{, OF^MT 70>421 966 @,4i =7; .=yn Dms, Evo} 0/ 3;;0-,,36

Imbmygo Fwvm{hfly Djs{, p, Iftayj{ Imsfdy Mld,/

677 V,T, >04/ >0> .7==9-7=

Ivll & Csgitysffy/ Mld, p, Bsfflhjtt Cvmoifst/ .7=>6-923 V,T, 29=/ 20340

Iv[jly Hfsda [ngshgdfvymdgo Dj, p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy .3;;3-/

2> Dgo,G{{,9yn 603,,9;

Fpglt p, Vlajr/ .7==6- 4> Dgo, G{{, 9yn 79=;Q96 Dgo,S{ys,3i 039X,,40/ 9>

@gnmugn Gomh p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy j` Tgdsghflyj Djvly}/

7>6 Dgo, G{{, 4i 799 .7=>0-,,,6;

@mtnfs p, Ogstfl/ .7=>3-74> Dgo, G{{, 4i 032/ 09; Q7>> Dgo, S{ys, 370X,,,40/ 9>



8/77

pm


Dgtft [gbf.t-

@ogyof} p, Hgvsj/ .3;;0- 4= Dgo, 9yn 3==/ 47440/ 96/ 92

@jstnfs p, Cvbomjtm/ .7=>;-

30 Dgo, 4i 2=3 Q704 Dgo, S{ys, 03>X,,,,93

Bgssmtjl p, Ojvmtmglg/ 42= V,T, 09/ 29/>6 T, Dy, 3;=/ 74 O, Fi, 3i 736 .7=09-64

Bfsyu p, Sjcfsy Rfodn/ Mld,/ 97> V,T, 434 .7=29-,,,63

Bsfflt{smlbt Cg{ymty Dnsmtymgl @foojrtnm{ Ysvty p, Dmoof}/

3;7; V,T, G{{, OF^MT 30372/ 03= @,4i 7;09 .=yn Dms, 3;7;-,,,72/ 3;/ 93

Bvmoojs} p, Bji`sf}/749 Dgo, G{{, 3i 03> Q3>0 [,3i 979X .3i Imty, 7=66-,6>

Ngl p, Tygl`jsi Vlmp,/ 37; @,4i 7;4>/ 7;9; .=yn Dms, 3;;;-,,3=

Nmoo p, Lgymjlgo Djoofbmgyf Gynofymd Gttl,/ .7==9-2 Dgo, 9yn 7X/ Q30 Dgo, S{ys, 3i >49X,,,93/ 99

Nmoyjl p, Ngoohgsa Dgsit/ 6>; @,9i >29/ >>= .=yn

Dms, 3;;=-,9=

Nmoyjl p, Ngoohgsa Dgsit/ 6== @,4i >=9 .=yn

Dms, 3;7;-,9=

Ml sf CmjOgtf Yfdn, Tfd, Omymb,/

Lj, ;9(=92 IJD .D,I, Dgo, Egl, 32/ 3;;4-3>

Eglft p, Rgo(Hgsy Tyjsft/ Mld,/32= @,4i >>4/ >>2 .=yn Dms, 3;;3-,,,36

Efllm`fs H, p, Sfirjji Rjhfl"t Nfgoyn Dys,/

>> Dgo, G{{, 9yn >7/ >= .Dgo,Dy,G{{,3;;7-,6;

ALC Flyfst p, Hgyynfrt/ 2> Dgo, G{{, 9yn

403 .3;;;-9=

Dgtf5 77(60;2= ;4*7=*3;73 MI5 >7;2=>2 IayFlys}5 47 [gbf5 > j` 22


9/77

pmm


Dgtft [gbf.t-

AJPS(YP, Mld, p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ 4o Dgo, G{{, 9yn 7;34 .7==6-,,,60

Aglyfs p, Rgslfs(Oghcfsy Dj,/

306 @,4i >64/ >62 .=yn Dms, 3;;7-,73/ 79

Amstdnlfs p, Vlmifl Djs{, j` Gh,/

>93 @,3i 7;29 gy 7;2> .=yn Dms, 7=>>-,,30/ 3>

Ofmcfsy p, Ysgltrjsoi T}tyfht/43 Dgo, G{{, 9

yn70=4 Q4= Dgo, S{ys, 3i 06X .7

tyImty, 7==6-,,,99

Ofr p, Hjtt/ 2=2 @,3i 292/ 26; .=yn Dms, 7=>0-,,,74/ 79

HgdIjlgoi p, Bsgdf Dnvsdn Tfgyyof/

962 @,4i 7;2=/ 7;>0 .=yn Dms, 3;;0-,,,36

HdFohvss} p, V,T, Cgla Lgy"o Gtt"l/

9=6 @,4i 7740/ 779; .=yn Dms, 3;;2-,,7=

Hfygcjom`f Mlyo/ Mld, p, Rjslmda/309 @,4i >43/ >4= .=yn Dms, 3;;7-,3=/ 4=

Hmdngfot p, Mlyfslfy Flyfsygmlhfly Bsjv{/

6 @,Tv{{,3i >34/ >4> .D,I, Dgo, 7==>-,,,6;

Hjoaj p, Njo} T{msmy Gttl, .7=>>- 90 Dgo,4i 7;=3/ 7733Q363 Dgo, S{ys, 733/ 203 [,3i 90X62

Hjssjr p, Ojt Glbfoft Vlm`mfi Tdnjjo Imty,/

79= Dgo, G{{, 9yn

7939 Q62 Dgo, S{ys, 4i >>6 .3i Imty, 3;;2-90

L*T Djs{, p, Omcfsy} Hvyvgo Mlt, Dj,/732 @, 4i 7796/ 7790 .=yn Dms, 7==2-3>/ 3=

Dgtf5 77(60;2= ;4*7=*3;73 MI5 >7;2=>2 IayFlys}5 47 [gbf5 = j` 22


10/77

pmmm


Dgtft [gbf.t-

Lgpfoomfs p, Tofyyfl/ .3;;3- 3= Dgo,9yn >3,,,9;

Lfgs} p, Sfbflyt j` Vlmpfstmy} j` Dgom`jslmg/

7>6 Dgo, G{{, 4i 7740 Q34; Dgo, S{ys, 3>7X .7ty Imtys, 7=>0-,,67/ 63

Lfr ]jsa Ymhft p, Tvoompgl/420 V,T, 369/ >9 T, Dy, 27;/ 77 O, Fi, 3i 0>0 .7=09-,40

Lmdnjotjl p, HdDogydn} Lfrt{g{fst/ .7=>0-

722 Dgo,G{{,4i 6;=/ 679/ l, 3/ 334 Dgo,S{ys, 6>,,,6;

Jdnjl p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ .7=>6- 4= Dgo, 4i 76= Q370 Dgo, S{ys, 007X,,,6>

J{fsgymlb Flbmlffst Ojdgo 4 p, Ejnltjl/77; Dgo, G{{, 9

yn7>; Q7 Dg, S{ys, 4i 663X .7

tyImty, 3;;4-,92

[gibfyy p, Rsmbny/ 6>2 @,4i =>4/ =>6 l,3 .=yn

Dms, 3;;=-36

[fyfstjl p, Nmbnogli Hvtmd/ Mld,/79; @,4i, 7474/ 7437 .=yn Dms, 7==>-,,3>

[vfsyj Smdj Gwvfivdy & Tfrfs Gvyn, p, Hfydgo` & Fii}/ Mld,/

6;0 V,T, 74=/ 799/ 774 T, Dy, 0>9/ 737 O, Fi, 3i 0;6 .7==4-,7=

Sgldnj Og Djtyg/ Mld, p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ .7=>;-7;0 Dgo, G{{, 4i 090/ 002 Q706 Dgo, S{ys, 492X,40

Sfgifs"t Imbfty Gttl, p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ .7=>9-

42 Dgo,4i 399/ 36>/ Q3;> Dgo, S{ys, 742/ 0=; [,3i 07;X,40

Snjift p, HgdIjlgoi/ 02; @, Tv{{, 3i 7404 .H,I, Bg, 3;;=-,30

Snjift p, HgdIjlgoi/3;7; V,T, G{{, OF^MT 649; .77yn Dms, Hgs, 76/ 3;7;-,30

Dgtf5 77(60;2= ;4*7=*3;73 MI5 >7;2=>2 IayFlys}5 47 [gbf5 7; j` 22


11/77

m~


Dgtft [gbf.t-

Smdngsitjl(Hfssfoo p, Ajoofs/ 923 V,T, 939/ 940 .7=>6-,7=/ 3;

Tdnrgsyu p, Ynmfof/

393 Dgo, G{{, 3i 2== Q67 Dgo, S{ys, 202X .3i Imty, 7=00-,,96

Tnvnlgl p, Bsjv{ R [sjit,/ Mld,/7> Dgo, 9

yn3;;/343 .7==>-,,,96

Tnvohgl p, Bsjv{ R, [sjivdymjlt/ Mld,/ .7==>-

7> Dgo, 9yn

3;; Q29 Dgo, S{ys, 3i >94X,90

Thmyn p, Ojt Glbfoft Cjjanmlifst Vlmjl Lj, 04/

744 Dgo, G{{, 3i 9>0 Q3>0 [,3i 7=9X .3i Imty, 7=66-,,,67/ 63

Thmyn p, Hgstn/ 7=9 @,49i 7;96/ 7;63 .=yn

Dms, 7===-,,,,36

Thmyn p, Lgymjlgo Csjgidgtymlb Dj,/ 74> Dgo, G{{, 3i,99/ 96

T{gdahgl p, Bjji/ .7=00- 396 Dgo, G{{, 3i 67> Q69 Dgo, S{ys, 2>X,,6>

Tygyf Svccmtn Djoofdyjst Gttl p, Tmomulj``/ .7=63-4> Dgo, 3i 44; Q39; [, 3i 3>3X6>

Tysmlb`foojr p, Djldfslfi Lfmbncjst ml Gdymjl/

9>; V,T, 42;/ 426/ 7;2 T, Dy, 7722/ =9 O, Fi, 3i 4>= .7=>2-,7=

Ygvt p, Oj`yvt/ .3;;2- 9; Dgo, 9yn

0>4 Q69 Dgo, S{ys, 4i 226X,90

Vlmyfi Tygyft p, Fomgt/ =37 @,3i >2;/ >29 .=yn Dms, 7==;-36

Vlmyfi Tygyft f~ sfo, Lfrtngh p, Ojdanffi Hmttmoft & T{gdf Dj,/

7=; @,4i =04/ =27 .=yn Dms, 7===-,4>/ 4=

Pfsmujl Ifogrgsf/ Mld, p, Djpgi Djhht, Dj,/

422 @,4i 7;>7/ 7;=;(=7 .=yn Dms, 3;;9-70/ 7>



12/77

~


Dgtft [gbf.t-

Pgsmgl Hfimdgo T}tyfht/ Mld, p, Ifo`mlj .3;;6-

46 Dgo,9yn 7>;/ 7=3,,42

Pftt p, Dmcg(Bfmb} Djs{, VTG/472 @,4i 7;=2/ 77;= .=yn Dms, 3;;4-,,,70/ 72/ 93

Rgmyt p, @smyj( Og}/ Mld,/ =2> @,3i 7;=4/ 77;; .=yn

Dms, 7==3-,,9=/ 6;

Rfmlcfsb p, @fmtfo/ 3 Dgo, S{ys, 4i 4>6/ 4=3 .Dy, G{{, 3;;4-9;

Rmodj~ p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/

44 Dgo, S{ys, 3i 990/ 969- .Dy, G{{, 7==9-,4=

Rmoo p, Ngoojda/ 690 V,T, 496/ 49=/730 T, Dy, =63/ 704 O, Fi, 3i >40 .3;;0-,,7>/ 7=

Rmysmjo p, Of~mtLf~mt Bsjv{/3;;0 RO 773>;40 .L,I, Dgo,/ G{s 32/ 3;;0-,6;

Rjotyjl p, Sfgifs"t Imbfty Gttl/ Mld,/ .7=2=-

994 V,T, 762/ 702/ == T,Dy, 32;7/ 32;2/ 07 O,Fi,3i 96;,,,42/ 96/ 90

VLMYFI TYGYFT DJLTMYVYMJL

[gbf.t-

@msty Ghflihfly,7/ 3=/ 46/ 40



13/77

~m

@FIFSGO SVOFT J@ G[[FOOGYF [SJDFIVSF

[gbf.t-

Svof 7;.g-3>

Svof 3>.g-.2-,,3>/ 3=

LMLYN DMSDVMY OJDGO SVOFT

[gbf.t-

Svof 3>(3,>,,3>

@FIFSGO SVOFT J@ DMPMO [SJDFIVSF

[gbf.t-

Svof 73.c-.7-,,,=/ 77/ 79/ 72

Svof 73.c-.0-,,,,,=

Svof 76.g-70/ 72/ 7>

DGOM@JSLMG DJLTYMYVYMJL

[gbf.t-

Gsymdof M/ Tfdymjl 3/ Tvci, .g-42/ 92



14/77

~mm

DGOM@JSLMG TYGYF TYGYVYFT

[gbf.t-

Dgom`jslmg Dmpmo Djif5

72=>/ fy, Tfw,,7/ 4

72=>,646;

72=>,>66;

72=>,>6.g-.7-,,,67

Dgom`jslmg Djif j` Dmpmo [sjdfivsf5

936,70.c-.7-,9;

936,70.f-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3/ 70/ 4>

HMTD,

[gbf.t-

0G Dgo, Evs, 4i/

Gttgvoyt gli Jynfs Rmoo`vo Yjsyt 764 .3;;4-,,67/ 63

72;>,2.g-,,,,64/ 66

Glym(TOG[[ Tygyvyf/ 936,70,,7/ 3/ 70/ 42/ 4=/ 9;



15/77

7

M, MLYSJIVDYMJL

Ynf ysvf wvftymjl {sftflyfi rmyn ynmt G{{fgo mt rnfynfs mlimpmivgot gli ynfms

cvtmlfttft rnj sf{fgyfio} gddvtf {fj{of/ G{{foofft nfsfml/ j` `gotf dsmhmlgo

djlivdy1 sf{fgyfio} pmjogyf ynf {smpgd} j` ynf mlimpmivgot1 sf{fgyfio} {vcomtn ynf

Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} lvhcfs gli jynfs {smpgyf miflym`}mlb ml`jshgymjl j` gl mlimpmivgo1

sf{fgyfio} `mof sf{jsyt rmyn im``fsfly ogr fl`jsdfhfly gbfldmft gyyfh{ymlb yj ngpf

gl mlimpmivgo gssftyfi gli egmofi cgtfi jl `gotf goofbgymjlt1 sf{fgyfio} ngsgttmlb

ynf mlimpmivgot1 sf{fgyfio} if`ghmlb gli omcfomlb ynf mlimpmivgot1 gli jynfs moofbgo

djlivdy dgl ftdg{f omgcmomy} vlifs Dgom`jslmg Djif j` Dmpmo [sjdfivsf 936,70/ ynf

tysgyfbmd ogrtvmy gbgmlty {vcomd {gsymdm{gymjl QGlym(TOG[[X tygyvyf, Gt ynf

Imtysmdy Djvsy djssfdyo} ifdmifi/ ynf gltrfs mt LJ,

G Hjymjl `mofi yj Imthmtt g Dgtf vlifs ynf Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf rmoo ljy

{sfpgmo ml gdymjlt `mofi gt g sftvoy j` Mlpgtmjl j` [smpgd}/ If`ghgymjl/ pmjogymjlt j`

ynf Ml`jshgymjl [sgdymdft Gdy/ Dgom jslmg Dmpmo Djif QDgo, Dmp, DjifX 72=>/ fy

tfw,/ Ngsgtthfly/ Tygoamlb/ gli tmhmogs dgvtft/ ljs tnjvoi ynf}, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, >(

=X,

Omafrmtf/ `gotf goofbgymjlt/ gddvtgymjlt/ mlpgtmjl j` {smpgd}/ pmjogymjlt j`

ynf {smpgd} ogrt gsf ljy @sff T{ffdn {sjyfdyfi c} ynf @msty Ghflihfly j` ynf

Vlmyfi Tygyft Djltymyvymjl, Gt f~{ogmlfi mlCfgvngslgmt p, Moomljmt/ 494 V,T, 36;/



16/77

3

23 T, Dy, 236/ =0 O, Fi, =7= .7=63-/ omcfojvt t{ffdn mt ljy{sjyfdyfi c} ynf Vlmyfi

Tygyft Djltymyvymjl, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, >(=X,

Ynmt G{{fgo gsmtft `sjh ynf Iflmgo j` If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt Hjymjl yj

Tysmaf gli Imthmtt [ogmlym``t(G{{foofft Djh{ogmly `js If`ghgymjl/ Mlpgtmjl j`

[smpgd}/ Omcfo/ pmjogymjlt j` ynf Ml`jshgymjl [sgdymdft Gdy/ Ngsgtthfly gli jynfs

moofbgo cfngpmjst gli gdymjlt vlifs ynf Glym(TOG[[ Tygyvyf/ Dgom`jslmg Djif j`

Dmpmo [sjdfivsf QDD[X 936,70,

Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy {sj{fso} `jvli yngy If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt `gmofi yj hgaf

g {smhg `gdmf tnjrmlb yngy ynf gdyt [ogmlym``t(G{{foofft djh{ogmlfi j` `goo mlyj

gl} j` ynf `jvs Q9X dgyfbjsmft jvyomlfi ml DD[ 936,70.f-, Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy gotj

{sj{fso} `jvli yngy fpfl m` ynf If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt djvoi tgymt`} ynf `msty {sjlb

j` ynf Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf/ ynf [ogmlym``t(G{{foofft ngi tv``mdmflyo} hgif g {smhg

`gdmf tnjrmlb j` `gdyt/ yj tvctyglymgyf g evibhfly ml ynfms `gpjs QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, >X,

Aljrmlb ynfms gdympmymft rfsf ljy {sjyfdyfi c} ynf Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf/

G{{fooglyt ngpf ljr {sfhmtfi ynfms G{{fgot jl lfr gsbvhflyt/ if`fltft/ tyjsmft/

goofbgymjlt/ gli ijdvhflyt yngy gsf ljy {gsy j` ynf Sfdjsi jl G{{fgo/ gli yngy

rfsf ljy sgmtfi cf`jsf ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy,

If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt ngpf ljy hfy ynfms cvsifl yngy ynf [ogmlym``t(

G{{foofft dogmht gsmtf `sjh ynf If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt {sjyfdyfi gdympmy}/ ljs dgl

ynf}, [ogmlym``t(G{{foofft ngpf tnjrl yngy ynf} dgl {sfpgmo jl ynf hfsmyt j` ynfms



17/77

4

dogmht, Gddjsimlbo}/ ynmt Djvsy tnjvoi g``msh ynf ifdmtmjl j` ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy/

ifl}mlb If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl,

MM, TYGYFHFLY J@ @GDYT5

[ogmlym``t(G{{foofft Omtg Omcfsm QOmcfsmX/ Omtg Jtyfoog QJtyfoogX/ Bj

F~dfo Bojcgo QBFBX/ [nmom{ E, Cfsb/ Ftwvmsf QCfsbX gli ynf Ogr J``mdft j`

[nmom{ E, Cfsb QOJ[CX js djoofdympfo} QG{{foofftX `mofi tvmy gt g sftvoy j` gli

`js ighgbft dgvtfi c} If`fliglyt(G{{fooglyt Jso} Ygmyu QYgmyuX c} gli ynsjvbn

If`fli jvs @sffijht @jvligymjlt/ Mld, QIJ@@X js djoofdympfo} QG{{fooglytX

Omcfo/ If`ghgymjl/ Ngsgtthfly/ Mlpgtmjl j` [smpgd}/ Pmjogymjlt j` Dgom`jslmg Dmpmo

Djif QDgo, Dmp, DjifX 72=>/ fy tfw,/ gli jynfs moofbgo gdyt gbgmlty ynf G{{foofft,7

QTFS Pjo, 7/ {{, =(7;/ 70(=71 TFS/ Pjo, 6/ {{, 7342(734>X1 gli QYgmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/

{{, 7;2(769 gli 363(4;;1 FS/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 4;7(440X,

Ml js gcjvy Ljpfhcfs 3;;> Ygmyu cfbgl dgoomlb Cfsbt J``mdf, Cfsb gtafi

Omcfsm/ nmt mlyfsl [gsgofbgo gli Ofbgo Gttmtygly/ yj sfyvsl Ygmyut dgoo, Ygmyu rglyfi

gttmtygldf rmyn g V,T, Tv{sfhf Djvsy Csmf`/ jl g dgtf sfbgsimlb jvs ljr tmyymlb

[sftmifly/ Cgsgda Jcghg/ yngy tnf ngi ljy{sj{fso} `mofi ml g Ysmgo Djvsy, Omcfsm

ifdomlfi gl} gttmtygldf yj Ygmyu, Ygmyu gtafi m` Cfsb rjvoi t{jltjs nfs ml ynf

Vlmyfi Tygyft Tv{sfhf Djvsy, Omcfsm yjoi Ygmyu tnf imi ljycfomfpf nf rjvoi/ gt nf

7 @js fgtf j` sf`fsfldf/ goo `gdyvgo dmygymjlt ml ynmt csmf` gsf hgif yj Ygmyu F~dfs{yj` Sfdjsi QYgmyu FSX1 IJ@@t F~dfs{y j` Sfdjsi QIJ@@ FSX `joojrfi c}pjovhf gli {gbf lvhcfs1 gli yj ynf Tv{{ofhflygo F~dfs{yt j` Sfdjsi QTFSX`joojrfi c} pjovhf gli {gbf lvhcfs,



18/77

9

ngi ljy aljrl nfs .Ygmyu- `js ynf {sfsfwvmtmyf }fgs, Ygmyu tygyfi Gyyjslf}t omf

gcjvy ynf oflbyn j` ymhf ynf} ngpf aljrl fgdn jynfs goo ynf ymhf, Omcfsm yjoi Ygmyu

yngy Cfsb rjvoi ljy omf jl nfs cfngo`, Gt g sftvoy/ Ygmyu ynsfgyflfi yj ygaf Cfsb

ijrl gli yj ij tj tnf rgt bjmlb yj iftysj} nmt [gsgofbgo/ Omtg Omcfsm/ gli bfy

smi j` nfs, Ygmyu gihmyyfi hgamlb ynmt ynsfgy ml {sfpmjvt Djvsy `momlbt ml ynmt dgtf,

QTFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 703X gli QYgmyu gli IJ@@ FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 790/ 763X,

Jtyfoog ijlgyfi nfs tfspmdft yj Ygmyu `js g tnjsy {fsmji j` ymhf, Jtyfoog mt g

Rfchgtyfs c} ysgif, Ygmyu rglyfi Jtyfoog yj omf yj ynf @fifsgo Bjpfslhfly gli

Ogr Fl`jsdfhfly gli tvctyglymgyf Ygmyut `gotf dogmht j` ngdamlb mlyj Ygmyut

rfctmyf/ cojb gli [g}[go gddjvly c} Jcghg ynvbt, Jtyfoog sf`vtfi yj omf `js

Ygmyu gli f~{ogmlfi yj Ygmyu yngy nfs rfctmyf gli cojb ngi lfpfs cffl ngdafi,

QTFS Pjo, 7/ {{, 7>(3>1 TFS Pjo, 6/ {{, 7342(734>X1 gli QIJ@@ gli Ygmyu FS/

Pjo, 7/ {{, 307(304X,

Gt g sftvoy ynfsfj`/ Ygmyu ngi jynfs If`fliglyt djlivdy moofbgo cgdabsjvli

dnfdat gli moofbgoo} {voo dsfimy sf{jsyt jl ynf G{{foofft, QTFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 3=(=7X

gli QYgmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 772(77>/ 793/ 76;/ 32>(32=X,

Ygmyu cfbgl dgss}mlb jvy nfs ynsfgyt yjrgsit ynf G{{foofft gt ifhjltysgyfi

c} goo ynf F~nmcmyt `mofi rmyn ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@

{vcomtnfi jl ynfms rfctmyft Omcfsmt giisftt/ `voo Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} lvhcfs/ igyf j`

cmsyn/ {ogdf j` cmsyn/ hjynfst hgmifl lghf/ `gynfst lghf/ Omcfsmt nvtcglit

Dgtf5 77(60;2= ;4*7=*3;73 MI5 >7;2=>2 IayFlys}5 47 [gbf5 7> j` 22


19/77

6

lghf/ Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} lvhcfs/ igyf j` cmsyn gli jynfs {smpgyf miflym`}mlb

ml`jshgymjl Q{smpgyf igygX, Goo j` ynf `jsfbjmlb ml`jshgymjl Ygmyu ynsjvbn IJ@@

sf{fgyfio} {vcomtnfi jl nfs rfctmyf/ jl ynf Mlyfslfy/ sf{fgyfio} hgtt Fhgmofi yj

hmoomjlt j` mlimpmivgot gli cvtmlfttft/ {jtyfi jl Tjdmgo Lfyrjsa tmyft/ Yrffyfi my/

{jtyfi my gt g sf{jsyfs jlCf`jsf myt Lfrt/ sf{fgyfio} {jtygo hgmofi ynf ml`jshgymjl/

gli tfly my Mlyfslgymjlgoo} sf{fgyfio}, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 7;2(769/ 733(732/ 73=/ 747(

742/ 794(799/ 790(792/ 76;(767/ 764/ 309/ 300(32>/ 477(476/ 43;(437/ 434(439/

430(432/ 43=(44;X/ QTFS Pjo, 7/ {{, 36/ 32(3>/ 47(43/ 49(>0/ =;(=7/ 777(790/ 792(

76=/ 36;(3=2X/ QTFS/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;X/ QTFS/ Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>6X/ QPjo, 9/ {{,

>>2(7;>7/ 77;;(77;9/ 777=(7763X/ QTFS/ Pjo, 6/ {{, 7376/ 7343(734>X,

Ygmyu `gotfo} gddvtfi Omcfsm j` hvsifsmlb nfs tmtyfs1 tyfgomlb `sjh Ygmyu

gli IJ@@1 ygh{fsmlb rmyn Ygmyu gli nfs nvtcglit dgst1 `jsbmlb G``migpmyt `mofi

c} Cfsb ml jlf j` nmt dgtft1 {vcomtnmlb {mdyvsft j` Omcfsm/ jlf j` rnmdn rgt g

`ghmo} {mdyvsf j` Omcfsm gli nfs `ghmo} jcygmlfi c} Ygmyu c} `sgvivofly hfglt1

Ygmyu sf{fgyfio} {vcomtnfi `gotf tygyfhflyt gcjvy ynf [ogmlym``t/ mldovimlb cvy ljy

omhmyfi yj Omcfsm mt g dgsffs ijdvhfly `jsbfs1 Jtyfoog gli Omcfsm tyjof hjlmft `sjh

Ygmyu ljl({sj`my `jvligymjl/ IJ@@1 Omcfsm rgt djlpmdyfi j` Miflymy} Ynf y/

@jsbfs} j` Ijdvhflyt/ @gotm`}mlb [jomdf gli Dsfimy Sf{jsyt/ sfgo ftygyf `sgvi1

Jtyfoog `jsbfi Ygmyut lghf*tmblgyvsf1 yngy Jtyfoog ngi g dsmhmlgo sfdjsi1 Omcfsm

ngliofi Cfsbt `vlisgmtmlb1 Omcfsm ngi gddftt yj Cfsbt ijlgyjst dsfimy dgsit1

Dgtf5 77(60;2= ;4*7=*3;73 MI5 >7;2=>2 IayFlys}5 47 [gbf5 7= j` 22


20/77

0

Omcfsmt nvtcgli rgt jl {gsjof1 Omcfsm gli nfs nvtcgli ngi yrj Q3X dsfimy dgsi

gddjvlyt tfy v{ jl Cfsbt rfctmyf1 yngy Jtyfoogt nvtcgli rgt cflf`mymlb `sjh ynf

hjlmft tyjofl c} Jtyfoog1 Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsb rfsf ngsgttmlb/ toglifsmlb gli

if`ghmlb Ygmyu/ fyd,/ goo ynf ymhf aljrmlb ynf ml`jshgymjl rgt `gotf Q`gotf

goofbgymjltX,

Ygmyu {vcomdmufi goo ynftf `gotf goofbgymjlt gli G{{foofft {smpgyf igyg

sf{fgyfio} jl ynf mlyfslfy/ ynsjvbn hgtt Fhgmomlb yj hmoomjlt j` mlimpmivgot gli

cvtmlfttft/ ynsjvbn STT `ffit/ {jtymlb my jl Tjdmgo Lfyrjsa tmyft/ imtdvttmlb my jl

sgimj/ YP mlyfspmfrt/ ]jvYvcf pmifjt/ ml gsymdoft/ fyd, rmyn hgomdf/ mldovimlb

tflimlb G{{foofft {smpgyf miflym`}mlb ml`jshgymjl mlyfslgymjlgoo}, QTFS Pjo, 7 {{,

70(=7/ 330(3=2/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;/ Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>6/ Pjo, 9/ {{, >>0(7700/

Pjo, 6/ {{, 7342(734>/ 740;(7404/ 74=7(74=3X gli QYgmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 772(

77>/ 733(734/ 736(732/ 73=(743/ 749(74>/ 793(79>/ 76;(764/ gli 36>(32>X,

Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ gli nfs jynfs cvtmlfttft gli Djs{jsgymjlt `mofi

lvhfsjvt `gotf dsmhmlgo sf{jsyt gbgmlty Jtyfoog gli Omcfsm gyyfh{ymlb yj ngpf ynfh

gssftyfi gli egmofi jl `gotf goofbgymjlt, Ygmyu tvhhjltfi nfs tv{{jsyfst gli

`joojrfst yj `mof `gotf djh{ogmlyt gli ngsgtt ynf Tygyf gli Bjpfslhfly gbfldmft

ojdgyfi ml Lfr Efstf} gli Tglyg @f/ Lfr Hf~mdj, Ygmyu cfbgl ngsgttmlb ynf Tgl

Cfslgsimlj Bsgli Evs}/ Tgl Cfslgsimlj Djvly} Imtysmdy Gyyjslf}/ Tgl Cfslgsimlj

gli ynf Tglyg @f [sjcgymjl If{gsyhflyt/ Dgom`jslmg gli Lfr Hf~mdj Gyyjslf}



21/77

2

Bflfsgo/ @fifsgo Cvsfgv j` Mlpftymbgymjlt/ If{gsyhfly j` Evtymdf gli jynfs ogr

fl`jsdfhfly gbfldmft gyyfh{ymlb yj ngpf Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog gssftyfi gli egmofi

cgtfi jl nfs `gotf goofbgymjlt gli `gotf goofbgymjlt yngy Omcfsm ngi pmjogyfi nfs

{sjcgymjl, Rnfl Ygmyu imi ljy sfdfmpf ynf sftvoyt tnf rgt tffamlb/ tnf cfbgl

gyygdamlb ynf fh{oj}fft gli j``mdmgot ml ynf Tygyf gli Bjpfslhfly flymymft gli

`mofi gl Fhfsbfld} Sfpjdgymjl j` [sjcgymjl gbgmlty Omcfsm rmyn ynf Tgl

Cfslgsimlj Djvly} Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ Sgldnj Dvdghjlbg Impmtmjl, Omcfsm rgt

sf{fgyfio} dofgsfi j` goo Ygmyu gli IJ@@t `gotf goofbgymjlt, QTFS Pjo, 7 {{, 70(

=7/ 330(3=2/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;/ Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>6/ Pjo, 9/ {{, >>0(7700/ Pjo,

6/ {{, 7342(734>/ 740;(7404/ 74=7(74=3X gli QYgmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 772(77>/ 733(

734/ 736(732/ 73=(743/ 749(74>/ 793(79>/ 76;(764/ gli 36>(32>X,

Ygmyu `mofi g `gotf {jomdf sf{jsy rmyn ynf Jsglbf Djvly} Tnfsm``t

If{gsyhfly gbgmlty Jtyfoog gli Omcfsm dogmhmlb Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog rfsf ynf tghf

{fstjl/ gli ngi tyjofl hjlmft `sjh nfs, Tff TFS/ {{, 34/ 796(79>, Ygmyu gotj {vy

yrj Q3X [g}[go sfdfm{yt jvy jl ynf Mlyfslfy/ jlf `sjh [n}oomt Tl}ifs ml ynf ghjvly

j` @m`y} Q)6;,;;X Ijoogst gli ynf jynfs `sjh Ejtf{n Oglijsg ml ynf ghjvly j`

Yrfly}(@mpf Q)36,;;X Ijoogst/ TFS Pjo, 6/ {{, 734>/ 7406(740>/ dogmhmlb ynftf

hjlmft ngi cffl tyjofl, Gt tnjrl ml Ygmyut [g}[go sfdjsit/ Ygmyu sfdfmpfi ynftf

ijlgymjlt1 TFS Pjo, 6/ {{, 7426(74>2/ TFS Pjo, 9/ {, 740> tnjrt cjyn ynftf



22/77

>

ijlgymjlt bjmlb mlyj Ygmyut [g}[go gddjvly gli Ygmyu ysglt`fssmlb ynf hjlmft jvy

j` nfs [g}[go gddjvly mlyj nfs gdyvgo cgla gddjvly,

Ygmyu djlymlvfi/ ft{fdmgoo} g`yfs tvmy rgt `mofi ml [fllt}opglmg jl Hg} 9/

3;;=/ {vcomtnmlb Omcfsmt Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} lvhcfs/ hjynfst hgmifl lghf/ `gynfst

lghf gli G{{foofft {smpgyf igyg/ djlymlvfi `gotfo} gddvtmlb ynf G{{foofft j`

dsmhft gli cfbgl dgoomlb `js mlimpmivgot ml ynf gsfgt rnfsf Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog

sftmifi, Tysglbf {fj{of tnjrfi v{ gy Omcfsmt njhf/ mldovimlb g hgl rnj rgt

ojjamlb ml Omcfsmt njvtf rmlijrt cf`jsf >5;; g,h, ml ynf hjslmlb gli Ygmyu isjpf

gsjvli Lfr Efstf} rnfsf Jtyfoog sftmifi gli Jtyfoogt dnmoisfl gyyflifi tdnjjo,

QTFS Pjo, 7 {{, 70(=7/ 330(3=2/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;/ Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>6/ Pjo, 9/

{{, >>0(7700/ Pjo, 6/ {{, 7342(734>/ 740;(7404/ 74=7(74=3X gli QYgmyu FS/ Pjo,

7/ {{, 772(77>/ 733(734/ 736(732/ 73=(743/ 749(74>/ 793(79>/ 76;(764/ gli 36>(

32>X,

Gt ynmt dgtf rgt cfmlb omymbgyfi/ Ygmyu cfbgl `momlb `jsbfi gli goyfsfi

ijdvhflyt ml Omcfsm gli Jtyfoogt lghf/ mldovimlb `jsbfi gli goyfsfi rfctmyf

{gbft QYgmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 62(>2/ 743/ 749/ 74=(79;/ 3;0(33; . jsbfi Fhgmot

rnfsf Bfj`` Tyg{oft Fhgmo Giisftt rgt sfhjpfi gli Omcfsmt Fhgmo Giisftt rgt

`sgvivoflyo} ml{vy gt tnjrl ml ynf Fhgmo nfgifs ojdgyfi cfojr ynf Fhgmo-1 gli

QTFS Pjo, 6/ {{, 733;(733>/ 7347(7490 .goyfsfi gli `jsbfi Fhgmot rnfsf



23/77

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Jtyfoogt Fhgmot ngi cffl dnglbfi/ gli lfr Fhgmot rfsf dsfgyfi yngy Jtyfoog

lfpfs tfly/ rnfsf Jtyfoogt Fhgmo giisftt rgt `sgvivoflyo} mltfsyfi,

Jl G{smo 76/ 3;77/ g`yfs ynmt Dgtf rgt Ysglt`fssfi yj ynf V,T, Imtysmdy Djvsy/

Dflysgo Imtysmdy j` Dgom`jslmg/ Tjvynfsl Impmtmjl `sjh [fllt}opglmg/ Ygmyu `mofi g

Hjymjl yj Imtwvgom`} Cfsb `sjh cfmlb ynf Gyyjslf} `js [ogmlym``t(G{{foofft, Cfsb

ngi ljy fpfl ngi ymhf yj `mof `js nmt [sj Ngd Pmdf gihmttmjl, G{{foofft ml ynfms

J{{jtmymjl `mofi G{smo 7;/ 3;77/ yj Ygmyut Hjymjl/ ml`jshfi ynf Djvsy yngy

G{{foofft Djh{ogmly/ rnmdn ngi lfpfs cffl ghflifi/ rgt cgtfi jl [fllt}opglmg

ogr tmldf my rgt `mofi ml [fllt}opglmg gli G{{foofft rjvoi cf tffamlb Ofgpf yj

Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly,

Jl G{smo 36/ 3;77/ Ygmyu gli IJ@@ `mofi ynfms Glym(TOG[[ gli Hjymjl yj

Imthmtt Qynf HjymjlX {vstvgly yj @fifsgo Svoft j` Dmpmo [sjdfivsf Q@fi, S, Dmp,

[,X 73.c-.7- gli 73.c-.0-3, Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Glym(TOG[[ rgt {sfhmtfi jl ynfms

`gotf gli mlgddvsgyf dogmht yngy ynmt dgtf mt cgtfi jl Ygmyu imtysmcvymjl j` Omcfsmt

tv{{jtfi djlpmdymjl1 yngy G{{foofft djhhmyyfi lvhfsjvt dsmhft1 Cfsb

fh{oj}t Omcfsm gt nmt [gsgofbgo1 yngy Jtyfoog ojdafi Ygmyu jvy j` nfs rfctmyf1 yngy

hjlmft rjvoi ljy bj yj IJ@@ cvy mltyfgi Jtyfoog1 yngy Omcfsm dogmhfi yj cf g

im``fsfly {fstjl sftmimlb ml [fllt}opglmg1 fyd,/ gli G{{foofft ogrtvmy tyfhhfi

3 Ygmyu mt jlo} G{{fgomlb ynf Djvsyt Jsifs ifl}mlb nfs Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl1 gliIJ@@ mt G{{fgomlb ynf Glym(TOG[[ Svomlb gli ynf Svomlb jl IJ@@t 73.c-.7-dogmh,



24/77

7;

`sjh gdyt hgif ml djllfdymjl rmyn g {vcomd mttvf js gl mttvf j` {vcomd mlyfsfty,

Ygmyu gli IJ@@ dogmhfi ynfsf rfsf jlo} g omhmyfi tygyfhflyt*{vcomdgymjlt/ yngy

djvoi cf gyysmcvyfi yj ynf If`fliglyt/ QYgmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 766(340X,

G{{foofft `mofi ynfms Hjymjl `js Ofgpf yj Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly jl G{smo

3=/ 3;77 gli ynfms [sj{jtfi @msty Ghflifi Djh{ogmly Q[@GDX jl Hg} 3;/ 3;77

QTFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 0(3=2/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;/ Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>6/ Pjo, 9/ {{, >>0(

772> gli Pjo, 6/ {{, 772=(7376X,

G{{foofft sft{jlifi ml J{{jtmymjl yj Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjl/ gli

{jmlyfi yj ynf Djvsyt Ijdafy yj ynjvtglit j` {gbft j` Ygmyu ynsjvbn IJ@@t/

{jtymlbt gli sf{fgyfi {vcomdgymjl j` G{{foofft {smpgyf igyg/ `gotf goofbgymjlt/

Ygmyut tvhhjltmlb j` nfs tv{{jsyfst ml gsfgt G{{foofft sftmifi/ ynf `momlb j` `gotf

ogr fl`jsdfhfly sf{jsyt/ Ygmyu ngsgtthfly j` Tygyf gli Bjpfslhflygo Gbfldmft/

Ygmyu tvhhjltmlb j` nfs tv{{jsyfst yj djlygdy gli ngsgtt ynf Tygyf gli

Bjpfslhflygo Gbfldmft/ fyd,/ gt jvyomlfi gcjpf, Goo j` rnmdn rgt djlysgs} yj

Ygmyu `gotf tygyfhflyt ml nfs gli IJ@@t Hjymjl, QIJ@@ gli Ygmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{,

7;2(769X,

Jl Hg} 32/ 3;77/ Ygmyu gli IJ@@ `mofi ynfms Sf{o} yj G{{foofft Sft{jltf

ml J{{jtmymjl yj Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjl, Gojlb rmyn ynfms Sf{o}/ ynf} `mofi ynf

Ifdogsgymjl j` Jso} Ygmyu/ rnmdn djlygmlfi `jsbfi gli goyfsfi ijdvhflyt QYgmyu

gli IJ@@t FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 62(>2X1 g Sfwvfty `js Evimdmgo Ljymdf QYgmyu gli



25/77

77

IJ@@ FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 43(90X gli Fpmiflymgs} Jcefdymjlt yj ynf Ifdogsgymjlt j`

Omcfsm gli Cfsb QIJ@@ gli Ygmyu FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 92(60X,

G{{foofft `mofi Jcefdymjlt yj ynf Ifdogsgymjl j` Ygmyu/ gojlb rmyn g Ljymdf yj

ynf Djvsy yngy Ygmyu ngi `mofi goyfsfi gli `jsbfi ijdvhflyt gt F~nmcmyt yj nfs

Ifdogsgymjl/ Jcefdymjlt yj Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Sfwvfty `js Evimdmgo Ljymdf/ gli ynf

Ifdogsgymjlt j` Jtyfoog gli Cfsb ml tv{{jsy j` ynfms Jcefdymjlt4, QTFS Pjo, 6/ {{,

7370(7974X,

Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy Bsglyfi Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsbt Hjymjl `js Ofgpf yj

Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly1 Iflmfi Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl1 Iflmfi

Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjl yj Imthmtt {vstvgly yj @fi, S, Dmp, [, 73.c-.7- gli

73.c-.0-1 gli Mh{jtfi @momlb Sftysmdymjlt, QYgmyu gli IJ@@ FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 9(=

gli 36(47X,

IJ@@ G{{fgofi ynf Imtysmdy Djvsyt Jsifs jl Evlf 32/ 3;77 gli Ygmyu `mofi

nfs Ljymdf j` G{{fgo jl Evo} 74/ 3;77, QYgmyu gli IJ@@ FS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 7(4X,

IJ@@t G{{fooglyt J{flmlb Csmf` QIJ@@ GJCX rgt ivf jl js cf`jsf

Ifdfhcfs 7=/ 3;77 .Dgtf Lj, 77(60;2=- gli Ygmyu G{{fooglyt J{flmlb Csmf`

QYgmyu GJCX rgt ivf jl js cf`jsf Ifdfhcfs 3;/ 3;77 .Dgtf Lj, 77(60709,

4 G{{fooglyt `gmofi yj mldovif G{{foofft Hjymjl `js Ofgpf yj Ghfli1 [@GD1Jcefdymjlt yj Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Sfwvfty `js Evimdmgo Ljymdf1 Jcefdymjlt yj YgmyuIfdogsgymjl gli Ljymdf j` @jsbfi gli Goyfsfi Ijdvhflyt1 ml sft{jltf yj Ygmyu gliIJ@@t Hjymjl/ ml ynfms F~dfs{yt j` Sfdjsi/ gli ynfsf`jsf/ G{{foofft gsf `momlb gTv{{ofhflygo F~dfs{y j` Sfdjsi yj mldovif ynftf ijdvhflyt {vstvgly yj ynf LmlynDmsdvmy Svof Q=yn Dms, S,X 4;(7,2,



26/77

73

Cjyn G{{fooglyt {sfhmtfi ynfms g{{fgo jl lfr gsbvhflyt/ tyjsmft/ if`fltft gli

tygyfhflyt, Ynf dmygymjlt yj ynf Sfdjsi hgif ml G{{fooglyt GJCt gsf ljy{sj{fs

dmygymjlt gli ynf Sfdjsi ijft ljy tygyf js sf`ofdy rngy G{{fooglyt dogmh ynf} ij,

IJ@@ `gmofi yj ymhfo} `mof ynfms GJC gli `mofi f~dfttmpf {gbft,

G{{foofft `mofi Hjymjlt yj Tysmaf cjyn G{{fooglyt GJCt gli FSt gli

Imthmtt ynfms G{{fgot, Ynmt Djvsy iflmfi G{{foofft Hjymjl rmynjvy {sfevimdf gli

tygyfi G{{foofft djvoi sgmtf ynf mttvft ml ynfms J{flmlb Csmf`, Ynmt Djvsy gotj

djltjomigyfi Dgtf Ljt, 77(60;2= gli 77(60709,

MMM, GSBVHFLY5

G, YNF VLMYFI TYGYFT IMTYSMDY DJVSY NGI TVCEFDY

HGYYFS EVSMTIMDYMJL gt IMPFSTMY] EVSMTIMDYMJL

F^MTYFI GY GOO YMHFT5

IJ@@ dogmht ynf V,T, Imtysmdy Djvsy ogdafi evsmtimdymjl cfdgvtf Omcfsm rgt

jl {sjcgymjl ml Lfr Hf~mdj/ cvy rgt tflyfldfi c} g Dgom`jslmg Djvsy gli sf`vtfi

yj {sjpmif nfs ismpfst omdfltf, IJ@@ dogmht `js ynmt sfgtjl/ Impfstmy} j`

Evsmtimdymjl rgt ogdamlb, QIJ@@ GJC/ MP/ {{, 92(64X, IJ@@ `gmofi yj dmyf yj gl}

ofbgo gvynjsmy} gli gotj `gmofi yj dmyf yj ynf Sfdjsi,

Ynf dmymufltnm{ j` g lgyvsgo {fstjl mt ifyfshmlfi cgtfi jl nmt tygyf j`

ijhmdmof/ ljy nmt tygyf j` sftmifldf, Aglyfs p, Rgslfs(Oghcfsy Dj ,/ 306 @,4i

>64/ >62 .=yn Dms, 3;;7-, G {fstjlt ijhmdmof mt nmt {fshglfly njhf/ rnfsf

nf sftmift rmyn ynf mlyflymjl yj sfhgml mlif`mlmyfo} js rnfsf nf ngt sftmifi ml



27/77

74

ynf {gty gli mlyflit yj sfyvsl, Mi, Ijhmdmof mt ifyfshmlfi cgtfi jl g lvhcfs

j` `gdyjst/ mldovimlb5 dvssfly sftmifldf/ pjymlb/ ojdgymjl j` {fstjlgo gli sfgo

{sj{fsy}/ ojdgymjl j` csjafsgbf gli cgla gddjvlyt/ ojdgymjl j` t{jvtf gli

`ghmo}/ {ogdf j` fh{oj}hfly/ ismpfs"t omdfltf gli gvyjhjcmof sfbmtysgymjl gli

{g}hfly j` yg~ft,Ofr p, Hjtt/ 2=2 @,3i 292/ 26; .=yn Dms, 7=>0-,

IJ@@ djlyflit yngy Omcfsm {ogdfi nfs cvtmlftt giisftt ml [fllt}opglmg

ml ynf jsmbmlgo djh{ogmly `mofi rmyn ynf V,T, Imtysmdy Djvsy/ Fgtyfsl Imtysmdy j`

[fllt}opglmg gli `gmofi yj {sjpmif nfs ismpfst omdfltf yj {sjpf nfs sftmifld},

QIJ@@ GJC/ MP/ {{, 92(64X, IJ@@t djlyflymjlt rfsf*gsf mldjssfdy,

Omcfsm mt g sftmifly j` Tglyg @f/ Lfr Hf~mdj/ rnmdn IJ@@ mt rfoo grgsf j`,

Ml `gdy/ Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ {vcomtnfi Omcfsmt njhf giisftt goo jpfs ynf

Mlyfslfy sf{fgyfio}/ dgoofi `js {fj{of ml ynf gsfg rnfsf Omcfsm sftmift/ `mofi `gotf

ogr fl`jsdfhfly sf{jsyt gbgmlty Omcfsm rmyn ynf Tglyg @f [jomdf If{gsyhfly/ Lfr

Hf~mdj Gyyjslf} Bflfsgot J``mdf gli ynf Tglyg @f [sjcgymjl If{gsyhfly, QFS/

Pjo, 7/ {{, 73>(744/ 794(79>X gli QTFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 7;/ 4=/ 9;/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 4;0(

479/ 43;/ 9;7(9;3/ 976(970/ 939/ 996/ 902/ 9>4(9>9/ 6;7/ 643/ 694/ 62=/ Pjo, MMM/

{{, 0;7/ 0;=/ 07;/ 076/ 070/ 06=/ gli 240X,

Omcfsm ngt sftmifi ml Tglyg @f/ Lfr Hf~mdj tmldf Ljpfhcfs 3;;31 Omcfsmt

nvtcgli mt fh{oj}fi ml Lfr Hf~mdj gli ngt cffl tmldf Ljpfhcfs 3;;31 Omcfsmt

`gynfs gli tyf{ hjynfs gsf ojdgyfi ml Lfr Hf~mdj1 goo j` Omcfsmt hfimdgo



28/77

79

{sj`fttmjlgot gsf ojdgyfi ml Lfr Hf~mdj1 Omcfsmt tjl gyyflit djoofbf ml Lfr

Hf~mdj1 Omcfsm mt sfbmtyfsfi yj pjyf ml Lfr Hf~mdj1 Omcfsmt pfnmdoft gsf

sfbmtyfsfi ml Lfr Hf~mdj1 Omcfsmt cgla gddjvlyt gsf ml Lfr Hf~mdj1 Omcfsm ngt g

Lfr Hf~mdj Ismpfst omdfltf gli ngt tmldf 3;;31 gli Omcfsm gli nfs t{jvtf ngpf

{gmi Lfr Hf~mdj Tygyf Yg~ft tmldf ynf }fgs 3;;4, Omcfsm mt ijhmdmofi ml ynf Tygyf

j` Lfr Hf~mdj, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 73>(744/ 794(79>X,

Omcfsm mlyfslt `js [nmom{ E, Cfsb/ Ftwvmsf rnj mt ojdgyfi ml Og`g}fyyf Nmoo/

[fllt}opglmg, Sfbgsioftt j` rnfynfs Omcfsm sftmifi ml [fllt}opglmg js Lfr

Hf~mdj/ Impfstmy} tymoo f~mtyfi, Ynf If`fliglyt ml ynmt Dgtf rfsf ojdgyfi ml

Dgom`jslmg gli Yf~gt, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 360(362X1 gli QTFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 7;(73X,

Ml j{fl Djvsy jl Gvbvty 2/ 3;;=/ Omcfsm {sjpmifi Evibf Sjcsflj ml ynf V,T,

Imtysmdy Djvsy/ Fgtyfsl Imtysmdy j` [fllt}opglmg ml ynmt dgtf nfs Lfr Hf~mdj

Ismpfst Omdfltf/ Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} dgsit/ gli cmsyn dfsym mdgyf, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 74;X,

Evibf Sjcsflj `jvli/ evty omaf ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy ml ynmt G{{fgo/ yngy evsmtimdymjl

rgt impfstm`mfi,

G{{foofft hfy ynfms cvsifl, Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy {sj{fso} iflmfi IJ@@ gli

Ygmyut Hjymjl yj Imthmtt {vstvgly yj @fi, S, Dmp, [, 73.c-.7-, Aglyfs p,

Rgslfs(Oghcfsy Dj,/ 306 @,4i >64/ >62 .=yn Dms, 3;;7-1 Ofr p, Hjtt/ 2=2

@,3i 292/ 26; .=yn Dms, 7=>0-,



29/77

76

C, YNF IMTYSMDY DJVSYT JSIFS IFL]MLB YGMYU gli

IJ@@T HJYMJL yj TYSMAF mt LJY g @MLGO G[[FGOGCOF

JSIFS5

Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsb jsmbmlgoo} `mofi tvmy ml ynf V,T, Imtysmdy Djvsy/

Fgtyfsl Imtysmdy j` [fllt}opglmg jl Hg} 9/ 3;;=, Ynf dgtf rgt tfpfsfi gli

ysglt`fssfi c} ynf [fllt}opglmg Imtysmdy Djvsy/ yj Dgom`jslmg gli Yf~gt, G{{foofft

ngi lfpfs ghflifi ynfms jsmbmlgo djh{ogmly, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 9/ 772/ 333/ 363X,

Jldf ynmt dgtf rgt ysglt`fssfi yj Dgom`jslmg Ygmyu gli IJ@@ `mofi ynfms Glym(

TOG[[ Hjymjl yj Tysmaf G{{foofft jsmbmlgo djh{ogmly, G{{foofft `mofi g Hjymjl

`js Ofgpf yj Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly gli `mofi ynfms [@GD rmyn jlf nvlisfi jsy}(

`mpf Q796X F~nmcmyt QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 9(6/ >(7;/ 36(30/ 32(3=X, TFS/ Pjo,t 7(6/ {{,

0(7376X,

Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy mttvfi myt yflygympf svomlb bsglymlb G{{foofft Ofgpf yj

Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly1 Ifl}mlb G{{fooglyt Hjymjl yj Tysmaf gli Hjymjl yj

Imthmtt1 gli {ogdfi `momlb sftysmdymjlt jl ynf {gsymft, Ynf Djvsy `jvli yngy

G{{fooglyt Hjymjlt rfsf {sfhgyvsf ml ombny j` G{{foofft `momlb ynfms [@GD QFS/

Pjo, 7/ {{, 36(47X, Ynf Djvsy gotj `jvli yngy Ygmyu gli IJ@@ imi ljy hffy ynfms

cvsifl QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {,>X,

G`yfs Jsgo Gsbvhfly jl Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjl/ rnmdn G{{foofft

djvltfo rgt ljy{sftfly `js ivf yj gl fhfsbfld} hfimdgo tmyvgymjl jl nmt `ombny yj

Dgom`jslmg/ ynf Djvsy mttvfi myt @mlgo Jsifs QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 6(=X, Ynf Imtysmdy



30/77

70

Djvsy iflmfi ynf Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl `mlimlb Ygmyu gli IJ@@ imi ljy hffy ynfms

cvsifl vlifsDgo, Dmp, Djif 936,70/ `gmomlb yj hgaf g {smhg `gdmf tnjrmlb yngy

ynf gdyt djh{ogmlfi j` `goo mlyj gl} j` ynf `jvs dgyfbjsmft j` 936,70.f-, Gli/

fpfl m` ynf If`fliglyt imi hffy ynf `msty {sjlb/ [ogmlym``t ngpf tv``mdmflyo} hgif g

{smhg `gdmf tnjrmlb j` `gdyt yngy rjvoi/ m` {sjpfi/ tv{{jsy g evibhfly ml ynfms

`gpjs, QFS Pjo, 7/ {, >X,

G{{foofft ngi ynf smbny yj Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly/ fpfl ynjvbn gl Glym(

TOG[[ hjymjl rgt {flimlb, @fi, S, Dmp, [, 76.g-1 Pfsmujl Ifogrgsf/ Mld, p,

Djpgi Djhht, Dj,/ 422 @,4i 7;>7/ 7;=;(=7 .=yn Dms, 3;;9- .#bsglymlb g

if`fligly"t glym(TOG[[ hjymjl yj tysmaf g {ogmlym``"t mlmymgo djh{ogmly rmynjvy

bsglymlb ynf {ogmlym`` ofgpf yj ghfli rjvoi imsfdyo} djoomif rmyn @fi, S, Dmp, [,

76.g-"t {jomd} `gpjsmlb omcfsgo ghflihfly#-,

Ygmyu gli IJ@@ djh{ogml yngy ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy fssfi ml ljy bsglymlb ynfms

Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl gli goojrmlb G{{foofft yj Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly, QFS/ Pjo,

7/ {{, 73(7>X, Ynmt tmh{o} mt ljy ynf dgtf, Pftt p, Dmcg(Bfmb} Djs{, VTG/ 472

@,4i 7;=2/ 77;= .=yn Dms, 3;;4-,

Goynjvbn ynf Pftt djvsy rgt ljy t{fdm`mdgoo} djltmifsmlb ynf {sj{smfy} j`

goojrmlb g [ogmlym`` yj ghfli myt djh{ogmly cf`jsf svomlb jl gl Glym(TOG[[

hjymjl/ ynf {jtyvsf j` yngy dgtf mt tmhmogs yj ynf {sftfly dgtf5 #Goo ynsff if`fliglyt

`mofi hjymjlt yj tysmaf {vstvgly yj Dgom`jslmg"t glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf gli `js



31/77

72

gyyjslf}t" `fft vlifs yngy tygyvyf, Rmynjvy svomlb jl ynf hjymjlt/ ynf imtysmdy djvsy

bsglyfi Pftt ofgpf yj `mof g `msty ghflifi djh{ogmly,# Pftt/ 472 @,4i gy 77;3,

Ynf Pftt Djvsy djlivdyfi myt glgo}tmt j` ynf If`fliglyt" Glym(TOG[[

hjymjlt rmyn sft{fdy yj Pftt"t @GD gt j{{jtfi yj Pftt"t jsmbmlgo djh{ogmly,

Gt Pftt mh{omdmyo} tvbbftyt/ bsglymlb g If`fligly"t Glym(TOG[[ hjymjl yj

tysmaf g [ogmlym``"t mlmymgo djh{ogmly rmynjvy bsglymlb ynf [ogmlym`` ofgpf yj ghfli

rjvoi imsfdyo} djoomif rmyn @fi, S, Dmp, [, 76.g-"t {jomd} `gpjsmlb omcfsgo

ghflihfly,

G{{foofft `mofi ynfms [@GD rmyn 796 tv{{jsymlb F~nmcmyt/ QTFS/ Pjo,t 7(6/

{{, 0(7376X cf`jsf ynf} rfsf sfwvmsfi yj `mof ynfms J{{jtmymjl yj G{{fooglyt Glym(

TOG[[ Hjymjl, Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy `jvli Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ngi ljy hfy ynfms

cvsifl vlifsDgo, Dmp, Djif 936,70, Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy Iflmfi G{{fooglyt

Hjymjl yj Tysmaf1 gli bsglyfi G{{foofft Ofgpf yj Ghfli ynfms Djh{ogmly `mlimlb

yngy ynf dgtf ngi evty ysglt`fssfi gli G{{foofft ngi ljy {sfpmjvto} ghflifi, Ynf

Djvsy iflmfi Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjlt yj Imthmtt vlifs@fi, S, Dmp, [, 73.c-.7-

gli 73.c-.0- rmynjvy {sfevimdf, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 9(=X,

Ml Bsfflt{smlbt Cg{ymty Dnsmtymgl @foojrtnm{ Ysvty p, Dmoof}/ 3;7; V,T,

G{{, OF^MT 30372/ 03= @,4i 7;09 .=yn Dms, 3;7;-/ [ogmlym``t mofi gl gdymjl `js

Hgomdmjvt [sjtfdvymjl ml @fifsgo Imtysmdy Djvsy, If`fliglyt `mofi gl Glym(TOG[[

Hjymjl gbgmlty Bsfflt{smlbt Djh{ogmly, Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy `jvli yngy [ogmlym``



32/77

7>

ngi ljy{sftflyfi tv``mdmfly fpmifldf j` ynf hfsmy j` myt dogmht, Ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy

dmyfi ynf @fifsgo {jomd} `gpjsmlb omcfsgo ghflihfly j` dogmht gli bsglyfi [ogmlym``

Ofgpf yj Ghfli myt Djh{ogmly, If`fligly G{{fgofi ynf Imtysmdy Djvsyt svomlb

dogmhmlb ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy tnjvoi ngpf `joojrfi Dgom`jslmg ogr yngy {sjnmcmyt ynf

Djvsy `sjh bsglymlb ofgpf yj ghfli ynf djh{ogmly g`yfs ynf bsgly j` gl Glym(

TOG[[ Hjymjl, Ml Pfsmujl Ifo, Mld, p, Djpgi Djhhd"lt Dj,/ 422 @,4i 7;>7/ 7;=7

.=yn Dms, 3;;9- ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy nfoi yngy #bsglymlb g if`fligly"t glym(TOG[[

hjymjl yj tysmaf g {ogmlym``"t mlmymgo djh{ogmly rmynjvy bsglymlb ynf {ogmlym`` ofgpf yj

ghfli rjvoi imsfdyo} djoomif rmyn @fi, S, Dmp, [, 76.g-"t {jomd} `gpjsmlb omcfsgo

ghflihfly,#

Jl g{{fgo/ ynf msty mlwvms} c} ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy rgt rnfynfs my ngi

evsmtimdymjl jpfs ynf g{{fgo, Ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy f~{ogmlfi yngy @fifsgo G{{foogyf

Djvsyt dgl sfpmfr yrj Q3X amlit j` Svomlbt1 `mlgo ifdmtmjlt jl ynf hfsmyt wvjymlb

3> V,T,D, 73=71 Dgttmsfs p, Amlbijh j` T{gml/ 070 @,4i 7;7=/ 7;39 .=yn Dms,

3;7;-1 gli g thgoo dogtt j` djoogyfsgo jsifst wvjymlb Rmoo p, Ngoojda/ 690 V,T, 496/

49=/ 730 T, Dy, =63/ 704 O, Fi, 3i >40 .3;;0- .wvjymlbCfnsflt p, [foofymfs/ 670

V,T, 3==/ 4;6/ 770 T, Dy, >49/ 744 O, Fi, 3i 224 .7==0--, Ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy nfoi

yngy gl Jsifs bsglymlb gl Glym(TOG[[ hjymjl rmyn ofgpf yj ghfli mt ljy g `mlgo

ifdmtmjl jl ynf hfsmyt cfdgvtf my {fshmyt `vsynfs omymbgymjl, Ynf tghf njoit ysvf ml

ynmt dgtf/ gl Jsifs bsglymlb ofgpf yj ghfli gli ifl}mlb ynf Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl



33/77

7=

{fshmyt `vsynfs omymbgymjl gli ynfsf`jsf mt ljy g `mlgo g{{fgogcof jsifs, Ynf Lmlyn

Dmsdvmy nfoi yngy ynf jlo} jynfs {jttmcof cgtmt `js evsmtimdymjl/ ynfl/ mt ynf Djoogyfsgo

Jsifs Ijdysmlf,

Jvs Djvsyt ngpf nfoi `js g Djoogyfsgo Jsifs yj cf G{{fgogcof/ g Djoogyfsgo

Jsifs hvty hffy ynsff Q4X sfwvmsfhflyt5 7- My hvty djldovtmpfo} ifyfshmlf ynf

imt{vyfi wvftymjl, 3- My hvty sftjopf gl mh{jsygly mttvf djh{ofyfo} tf{gsgyf `sjh

ynf hfsmyt j` ynf gdymjl, 4- Gli my hvty cf f``fdympfo} vlsfpmfrgcof jl g{{fgo

`sjh ynf `mlgo evibhfly, Ynf V,T, Tv{sfhf Djvsy ngt mltysvdyfi djvsyt yj g{{o}

ynmt yfty tysmlbflyo},Imbmygo Fwvm{hfly Djs{, p, Iftayj{ Imsfdy Mld,/ 677 V,T, >04/

>0> .7==9-, Tff gotj Rmoo p, Ngoojda/ 690 V,T, 496/ 49=/ 730 T, Dy, =63/ 704 O, Fi,

3i >40 .3;;0-/ .wvjymlb[vfsyj Smdj Gwvfivdy & Tfrfs Gvyn, p, Hfydgo` & Fii}/

Mld,/ 6;0 V,T, 74=/ 799/ 774 T, Dy, 0>9/ 737 O, Fi, 3i 0;6 .7==4--, Goo ynsff Q4X

sfwvmsfhflyt hvty cf hfy `js g Djvsy yj f~fsdmtf Evsmtimdymjl vlifs ynf Djoogyfsgo

Jsifs Ijdysmlf,HdFohvss} p, V,T, Cgla Lgy"o Gtt"l/ 9=6 @,4i 7740/ 779; .=yn Dms,

3;;2- .dmymlb Tysmlb`foojr p, Djldfslfi Lfmbncjst ml Gdymjl/ 9>; V,T, 42;/ 426/

7;2 T, Dy, 7722/ =9 O, Fi, 3i 4>= .7=>2--, Ynftf djlimymjlt gsf #tysmlbfly/# gli

ynf Tv{sfhf Djvsy ngt #sf{fgyfio} tysfttfi yngy ynf "lgssjr" f~df{ymjl tnjvoi tyg}

yngy rg} gli lfpfs cf goojrfi yj trgoojr ynf bflfsgo svof , , , yngy g {gsy} mt

flymyofi yj g tmlbof g{{fgo/ yj cf if`fssfi vlymo `mlgo evibhfly ngt cffl flyfsfi,#

Imbmygo Fwvm{,/ 677 V,T, gy >0> .wvjymlb Smdngsitjl(Hfssfoo p, Ajoofs/ 923 V,T,



34/77

3;

939/ 940 .7=>6--1 Tff gotj Rmoo/ 690 V,T, gy 46; .#QRXf ngpf ljy hflymjlfi

g{{o}mlb ynf djoogyfsgo jsifs ijdysmlf sfdflyo} rmynjvy fh{ngtmumlb myt hjifty

tdj{f,#-,

Ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy ml Bsfflt{smlbt `jdvtfi jl rnfynfs ynf svomlb

djldovtmpfo} ifyfshmlfi g imt{vyfi wvftymjl/ rnmdn `goot ml ynf `msty djoogyfsgo jsifs

sfwvmsfhfly, Ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy nfoi yngy ynf Jsifs bsglymlb ofgpf yj ghfli/

goojrmlb ynf [ogmlym`` yj {ofgi giimymjlgo `gdyt/ rgt ml fttfldf ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy

mlimdgymlb yngy my rjvoi sfpmtmy ynf mh{gdy j` ynf Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf ml ombny j` ynf

ghflihfly, Ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy `jvli my imi ljy ngpf evsmtimdymjl yj sfpmfr ynf

Imtysmdy Djvsyt jsifs vlifs ynf djoogyfsgo jsifs ijdysmlf gt my rgt ljy g `mlgo jsifs

gli imthmttfi If`fliglyt g{{fgo gt vlsfpmfrgcof,

Ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy `vsynfs nfoi C} djlysgty/ ynf bsgly j` gl glym(TOG[[

hjymjl rmyn ofgpf yj ghfli mt ljy #hgif rmyn ynf f~{fdygymjl yngy QmyX rmoo cf ynf

`mlgo rjsi# jl ynf g{{omdgcmomy} j` ynf tygyvyf,Mi, Evty omaf ml Bsfflt{smlbt/ ml ynmt

dgtf/ ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy ml bsglymlb G{{foofft ofgpf yj ghfli/ mlpmyfi G{{foofft(

[ogmlym``t yj tvchmy giimymjlgo fpmifldf ( fpmifldf rnmdn rjvoi/ ml yvsl/ {fshmy ynf

djvsy yj sfgttftt ynf {sj{smfy} j` bsglymlb ynf glym(TOG[[ hjymjl,

Ynmt mt ljy ynf `msty G{{fgo Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ngpf ygafl jl g ljl(g{{fgogcof

jsifs, Ynf} g{{fgofi ynf Fgtyfsl Imtysmdy j` [fllt}opglmgt Ysglt`fs Jsifs/

ifog}mlb ynmt dgtf v{ `js gohjty g }fgs, Ygmyu gli IJ@@t g{{fgo rgt imthmttfi gt



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37

ynf Ynmsi Dmsdvmy Djvsy j` G{{fgot ogdafi evsmtimdymjl yj flyfsygml my gt ysglt`fs

jsifst gsf mlyfsojdvyjs} gli ij ljy `my rmynml ynf f~df{ymjl/ omaf ynmt g{{fgo nfsf,

@js ynf sfgtjlt jvyomlfi nfsfml/ G{{fooglyt G{{fgot hvty cf Imthmttfi gli

G{{foofft grgsifi Gyyjslf} `fft gli djtyt,

D, YGMYU gli IJ@@T GJCT gsf [SFHMTFI jl LFR

GSBVHFLYT/ LFR TYGYFHFLYT/ gli LFR IF@FLTFT/

LJY [SFTFLYFI yj ynf IMTYSMDY DJVSY1 gli DJLYGML

MH[SJ[FS DMYGYMJLT yj ynf SFDJSI5

7, YGMYU gli IJ@@t G{{fooglyt J{flmlb Csmf`5

Ml Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjl cf`jsf ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy rnmdn mt ynf tvcefdy j`

ynmt G{{fgo/ IJ@@ dogmhfi [ogmlym``t*G{{foofft ogrtvmy rgt `mofi yj omhmy {vcomd

{gsymdm{gymjl gli t{fdm`mdgoo} yj tmofldf ynf if`fliglyt/ rnj gsf rnmtyof cojrfst

Njrfpfs/ IJ@@ lfpfs tygyfi rngy ynf {vcomd {gsymdm{gymjl rgt js rngy my rgt

dogmhmlb ynf {vcomd {gsymdm{gymjl rgt js rngy ynf} rfsf cojrmlb ynf tv{{jtfi

rnmtyof jl, Tff Ygmyu gli IJ@@t FS/ Pjo, 7 gy {gbft >>(7;4 gli 766(340,

Ygmyu gli IJ@@ goo ynsjvbn ynfms GJC ngpf sgmtfi lfr if`fltft gli

gsbvhflyt mldovimlb cvy ljy omhmyfi yj ynmt tvmy mt g sftvoy j` [jomymdgo omymbgymjl/ ynf

Cmsynfs hjpfhfly/ Ygmyu mt g {jomymdgo imttmifly/ Cfsb rgt gotj mlpjopfi ml ynf

{jomymdgo omymbgymjl/ yngy Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog {gsymdm{gyf ml Cfsbt {jomymdgo gdympmymft/

`gotf gttfsymjlt gcjvy g 4si Dmsdvmy G{{fgo/ Dgtf Lj, 7;(4;;;/ `gotf gttfsymjlt

gcjvy Ijllg Glifst/ Djvsy Ysgltdsmcfs/ yngy Glym(TOG[[ g{{omft cfdgvtf Ygmyut

gdymjlt gli t{ffdn gsf {sjyfdyfi gt [jomymdgo t{ffdn ml nfs sjof gt ynf tfo`(



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33

{sjdogmhfi ofgifs j` ynf Cmsynfs Hjpfhfly gli [ogmlym``t ngpf mlyfs`fsfi rmyn

G{{fooglyt {jomymdgo `vli sgmtmlb gdympmymft/ dsvdmgo yj `vli omymbgymjl gli jynfs

gdympmymft ml tv{{jsy j` ynmt hjpfhfly gli Ygmyu jlo} f~{jtfi [ogmlym``t

djssv{ymjl gli hgl} jynfs lfr if`fltft/ gsbvhflyt gli tyjsmft, Tff IJ@@t

GJC/ Mlysjivdymjl/ fli j` myt Ygcof j` Djlyflyt ynsjvbn {, 9/ {{, 2(=1 =(771 77(741

76(701 7=(3>1 4;(421 gli 9;(96,

G{{fooglyt flymsf GJCt gsf {sfhmtfi jl ynftf lfr if`fltft/ lfr tyjsmft

gli lfr gsbvhflyt/ vltv{{jsyfi c} ynf sfdjsi gli ljy {sftflyfi js cf`jsf ynf

Imtysmdy Djvsy, G{{fooglyt djldjdyfi ynfms lfr if`fltft/ tyjsmft gli gsbvhfly ml

ynfms GJC `js ynmt G{{foogyf Djvsy ml gl gyyfh{y yj trg} ynmt Djvsy yj jpfs(yvsl

ynf Imtysmdy Djvsyt @mlimlbt gli Jsifs cgtfi jl tyjsmft/ gsbvhflyt gli if`fltft

lfpfs{sftflyfi yj js cf`jsf ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy, Ygmyu gli IJ@@ rfsf grgsf ynf}

imi ljy ngpf g ofbgo cgtmt gli ynfms if`fltft/ tyjsmft gli gsbvhflyt/ rnmdn rfsf

im``fsfly yngl rngy mt ml ynfms GJC/ {sftflyfi yj ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy `gmofi yj

tvctyglymgyf imthmttgo j` G{{foofft ogrtvmy {vstvgly yj ynf Glym(TOG[[,

Ygmyu gli IJ@@t lfr if`fltft/ tyjsmft gli gsbvhflyt ml ynfms GJC/

vltv{{jsyfi c} ynf sfdjsi/ gsf rgmpfi cfdgvtf Ygmyu gli IJ@@ imi ljy {sftfly

ynfh yj ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy, Ygmyu gli IJ@@t lfr gsbvhflyt gli if`fltft mldovif

cvy gsf ljy omhmyfi yj ynf `joojrmlb5

Ynmt dgtf gsmtft jvy j` gl jlbjmlb imt{vyf mlpjopmlb ynf {jomymdgoimttmifly hjpfhfly/ mldovimlb g djh{jlfly aljrl gt ynf Cmsynfs



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34

Hjpfhfly/ c} ynjtf dngooflbmlb ynf wvgom`mdgymjlt j` Cgsgda Jcghgyj njoi ynf j``mdf j` [sftmifly j` ynf Vlmyfi Tygyft j` Ghfsmdg,If`fligly gli G{{foogly/ JSO] YGMYU .Ygmyu-/ mt g {jomymdgoimttfly ofgifs rnj/ mlimpmivgoo} gli ynsjvbn If`fligly gliG{{foogly/ IF@FLI JVS @SFFIJHT @JVLIGYMJLT/ MLD,.IJ@@- .djoofdympfo} G{{fooglyt-/ ngt cffl gli sfhgmlt ynfofgifs j` ynmt hjpfhfly, QYgmyu gli IJ@@t GJC/ gy {gbf 7X,

Omymbgymjl mt jlf j` ynmt hjpfhflyt yjjot yj gipgldf myt bjgot/

mldovimlb tfpfsgo dgtft mlpjopmlb Cmsynfs dgvtftTvdn omymbgymjl mt

g `jsh j` {fymymjl `js sfisftt j` bsmfpgldft vlifs ynf Vlmyfi Tygyft

Djltymyvymjl/ Gsymdof M, [ogmlym``t gdaljrofibf G{{fooglyt f~fsdmtf j`

ynfms smbny j` {fymymjl sfbgsimlb Ygmyu `momlb djh{ogmlytjl cfngo` j`

Gogl Af}ft gli jynfs [ogmlym``t gbgmlty ynf Dgom`jslmg Tfdsfygs} j`Tygyf gli jynfs If`fliglyt sfbgsimlb ynf Cgss} Tjfyjsj g**a*g* Cgsgda

N, Jcghg dmymufltnm{ mttvft, QYgmyu gli IJ@@t GJC/ gy {gbf 3X,

[ogmlym`` gli G{{fooff/ [NMOM[ E, CFSB .Cfsb-/ mt gotj mlpjopfi mlynf {jomymdgo imttmifly hjpfhfly, @js f~gh{of, Cfsb ngt `mofi g dgtfdngooflbmlb [sftmifly Jcghgt wvgom`mdgymjlt yj cf [sftmifly glidogmht yj dgss} ynf hglyof j` ynf Cmsynfs Hjpfhfly ynsjvbnrrr,jcghgdsmhft,djh,,,Cfsb gttmtyfi c} [ogmlym``t gli G{{foofft/OMTG OMCFSM .Omcfsm- gli OMTG H, JTYFOOG .Jtyfoog-/ ngpfmlyfs`fsfi rmyn G{{fooglyt rfctmyft gli mlyfslfy cojbt/ dsfgyfihmtofgimlb gli djh{fymlb rfctmyft tvdn gt if`flijvs`sffijht,lfygli impfsyfi `vlit `sjh IJ@@ yj flymymft djlysjoofi c} [ogmlym``t,[ogmlym``t ngpf mlyfs`fsfi rmyn G{{fooglyt {jomymdgo `vlisgmtmlbgdympmymft/ dsvdmgo yj `vli omymbgymjl gli jynfs gdympmymft ml tv{{jsy j`ynmt hjpfhfly, QYgmyu gli IJ@@t GJC/ gy {gbf 4X

Ygmyu gli IJ@@t lfr tygyfhflyt/ gsbvhflyt gli tyjsmft gsf goo ynsjvbn

ynfms GJC/ ynfsf mt ljy fljvbn sjjh yj giisftt fgdn gli fpfs} tygyfhfly ml ynmt

Csmf`, Ljrnfsf ml IJ@@ gli Ygmyut Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl/ Sf{o} ynfsfyj/ js

gsbvhfly cf`jsf ynf ojrfs Djvsy QSfdjsiX/ rnmdn mt ynf tvcefdy j` ynmt G{{fgo/



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39

gsf gl} j` ynf gcjpf tygyfhflyt/ goofbgymjlt js gl}ynmlb sfhjyfo} dojtf yj my, Ynfsf

mt ljynmlb sfogymlb yj/ sf`fssmlb yj/ js fpfl hflymjlmlb g Cmsynfs Hjpfhfly js

Cmsynfs ojdgyfi ml ynf Sfdjsi, Cvy/ IJ@@ gli Ygmyu sgmtf ynfms Cmsynfs gli

Cmsynfs Hjpfhfly gsbvhflyt ml ynfms GJC gy {gbft 7/ 3/ 0/ 7;/ 77>/ 7=/ 36 gli

30, Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ml ynfms GJC gy {gbft 7(4/ 2/ >/ 77/ 7>/ 7=/ 39(30 ygoat gcjvy

gli gsbvft yngy ynf} gsf g {jomymdgo imttmifly/ gli ynf dgtf gsmtft jvy j` g

{jomymdgo hjpfhfly1 {jomymdgo ijlgymjlt/ {jomymdgo `vlisgmtmlb/ {jomymdgo

imttmifly hjpfhfly/ gli {jomymdgo pmfrt/ cvy ynftf tygyfhflyt gli gsbvhflyt ij

ljy g{{fgs gl}rnfsf ml ynf Sfdjsi, Ml `gdy/ ynf rjsi {jomymdgo jlo} g{{fgst ml

jlf {ogdf/ Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 7>=X rnfsf Ygmyu

tygyft/ Omlig Cfodnfs/ `jshfs pjovlyffs {jomymdgo sftfgsdnfs Tff gotj Ygmyu

gli IJ@@t GJCt/ Mlysjivdymjl gy {, 7 ynsjvbn {, 9/ {{, 2(=1 =(771 77(741 76(701

7=(3>1 4;(421 gli 9;(96 `js ynfms lfr tygyfhflyt/ gsbvhflyt/ if`fltft gli tyjsmft,

G{{foofft lfpfs ngi ynf j{{jsyvlmy} yj giisftt Ygmyu gli IJ@@t lfr

gsbvhflyt/ tyjsmft/ if`fltft js tygyfhflyt/ ljs rgt ynf Imtysmdy Djvsyt Jsifs

cgtfi v{jl ynftf lfr ynfjsmft, Ynfsf`jsf/ fpfs} sf`fsfldf ml Ygmyu gli IJ@@t

GJC yj ynftf lfr gsbvhflyt/ if`fltft gli tygyfhflyt/ hvty cf tysmdafl,

Gl G{{fgo mt g {sjdffimlb ml rnmdn g nmbnfs Djvsy sfpmfrt ynf gdymjlt ygafl

c} g ysmgo Djvsy/ js ml ynmt dgtf/ ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy, G{{fgot gsf bflfsgoo} omhmyfi yj

g sfpmfr j` ynf sfdjsi `sjh ynf ojrfs Djvsy, [gsymft dglljy mlysjivdf lfr



39/77

36

fpmifldf gli gsf omhmyfi yj rngy rgt tgmi gli mlysjivdfi gy ynf jsmbmlgo

{sjdffimlb, Mttvft/ if`fltft gli gsbvhflyt ljy sgmtfi gy ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy dglljy

cf sgmtfi ml ynf G{{fgo, Ynmt Djvsy sfpmfrt ynf ojrfs Djvsy"t g{{omdgymjl j` ynf

ogr yj ynf `gdyt gt {sftflyfi,Eglft p, Rgo(Hgsy Tyjsft/ Mld,/ 32= @,4i >>4/ >>2 .=yn

Dms, 3;;3- .Rf bflfsgoo} ij ljy djltmifs mttvft sgmtfi `js ynf `msty ymhf jl

G{{fgo-1 HgdIjlgoi p, Bsgdf Dnvsdn Tfgyyof/ 962 @,4i 7;2=/ 7;>0 .=yn Dms,

3;;0- .Rf ifdomlf yj djltmifs gsbvhflyt sgmtfi `js ynf `msty ymhf jl g{{fgo,-1

Thmyn p, Hgstn/ 7=9 @,49i 7;96/ 7;63 .=yn

Dms, 7===- .Rf ij ljy djltmifs

djlyflymjlt/ `gdyt js gsbvhflyt sgmtfi `js ynf `msty ymhf jl g{{fgo-1 [gibfyy p,

Rsmbny/ 6>2 @,4i =>4/ =>6 l,3 .=yn Dms, 3;;=- .{fs dvsmgh- .Rf ij ljy djltmifs

gsbvhflyt gli goofbgymjlt sgmtfi `js ynf `msty ymhf jl g{{fgo,-1 Vlmyfi Tygyft p,

Fomgt/ =37 @,3i >2;/ >29 .=yn Dms, 7==;- .Rf ifdomlf yj djltmifs fpmifldf js

gsbvhflyt {sftflyfi `js ynf `msty ymhf jl g{{fgo,-,

Gt tygyfi c} Evibf HdAfjrl ml Dys, `js Cmj(Fynmdgo Sf`jsh/ Mld, p, Dmy} &

Djvly} j` Njljovov/ 3;;0 V,T, G{{, OF^MT 70>421 966 @,4i =7; .=yn Dms, Evo} 0/

3;;0- ml nfs Ghflifi J{mlmjl gy `l, 4/ #Ynfsf mt bjji sfgtjl rn} rf bflfsgoo}

ij ljy djltmifs mttvft `js ynf `msty ymhf jl g{{fgo((ynf sfdjsi ngt ljy cffl

ifpfoj{fi/ ynf imtysmdy djvsy ngt ljy ngi gl j{{jsyvlmy} yj djltmifs ynf mttvf/ gli

ynf {gsymft" gsbvhflyt gsf ljy ifpfoj{fi gbgmlty ynf imtysmdy djvsy ifdmtmjl,



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30

Gddjsimlbo}/ ynmt Djvsy tnjvoi Tysmaf goo if`fltft/ gsbvhflyt/ tyjsmft gli

fpmifldf yngy QrgtX ljy {sftflyfi yj ynf imtysmdy djvsy gt rfoo gt ynf gttfsymjlt ml

Ygmyu gli IJ@@t GJCt cgtfi jl ynfms lfr if`fltft/ tyjsmft gli gsbvhflyt,

3, Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Dmygymjlt yj ynf Sfdjsi gsf mh{sj{fs

dmygymjlt gli ynf Dmygymjlt yj ynf sfdjsi ij ljy tygyf js

sf`ofdy ynf tygyfhflyt dogmhfi c} Ygmyu gli IJ@@5

Goo ynsjvbn Ygmyu gli IJ@@t GJC ynf} hmttygyf gli hmtwvjyft rngy ynf

FS tygyf ml gyyfh{yt yj hmtofgi ynmt Djvsy gli {sfevimdf ynmt Djvsy gbgmlty ynf

[ogmlym``t*G{{foofft,

Ml jlf f~gh{of/ Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ml ynfms GJC gy {gbf 0/ tygyft Evibf

Sjcsflj djssfdyo} ljyfi5 Tjhf j` ynftf {gsymft ngpf g ojlb gli djh{omdgyfi

omymbgymjl nmtyjs}, Tff f,b,/ Cfsb p, Jcghg/ 6>0 @,4i 349 .4i Dms, 3;;=-,,,Ynmt

omymbgymjl g{{fgst yj cf {gsy j` ynmt jpfsgoo imt{vyf ghjlb ynf {gsymft, Q7 FS/ 34>/

`l, 7,X Rngy ynmt {jsymjl gdyvgoo} tygyft mt/

Tjhf j` ynftf {gsymft ngpf g ojlb gli djh{omdgyfi omymbgymjl nmtyjs},

Tff f,b,/ Cfsb p, Jcghg/ 6>0 @,4i 349 .4i Dms, 3;;=-1 Snjift p,

HgdIjlgoi/ 02; @, Tv{{, 3i 7404 .H,I, Bg, 3;;=- .mh{jtmlb

)3;/;;; tgldymjlt jl djvltfo Jso} Ygmyu `js vtf j` ynf ofbgo {sjdftt

`js gl mh{sj{fs {vs{jtf-/ g``i Snjift p, HgdIjlgoi/ 3;7; V,T,

G{{, OF^MT 649; .77yn Dms, Hgs, 76/ 3;7;-, Ynmt omymbgymjl g{{fgst yj

cf {gsy j` ynmt jpfsgoo imt{vyf ghjlb ynf {gsymft,

Amstdnlfs p, Vlmifl Djs{, j` Gh,/ tv{sg/ >93 @,3i 7;29 gy 7;2> .=yn Dms, 7=>>-,



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32

Ynmt gsbvhfly rgt lfpfs hgif c} Ygmyu/ {sftflyfi yj js cf`jsf ynf Imtysmdy

Djvsy, Ljrnfsf ml IJ@@ js Ygmyut Hjymjl/ Sf{o} js Gsbvhfly ml tv{{jsy

ynfsfj` {sftflyfi yj ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy mt ynmt tygyfhfly hgif,

Ygmyut mldjssfdy dmymlb yj ynf sfdjsi gotj mldovift/ cvy mt ljy omhmyfi yj5

[ogmlym`` gli G{{fooff/ [NMOM[ E, CFSB .Cfsb-/ mt gotj mlpjopfi ml

ynf {jomymdgo imttmifly hjpfhfly, @js f~gh{of/ Cfsb ngt `mofi g dgtf

dngooflbmlb [sftmifly Jcghgt wvgom`mdgymjlt yj cf [sftmifly/ gli

dogmht yj dgss} ynf hglyof j` ynf Cmsynfs Hjpfhfly ynsjvbn

rrr,jcghgdsmhft,djh, Q7 FS/ 3=2X QIJ@@ gli Ygmyut GJC/ gy

{gbf 7X

FS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 3=2 {fsygmlt yj Fibgs Ngof/ If`fligly ml ynf Yf~gt {jsymjl j`

ynmt dgtf/ gli tg}t ljynmlb gcjvy g {jomymdgo imttmifly hjpfhfly/ js Hs, Cfsb

dgss}mlb ynf hglyof j` Cmsynfs Hjpfhfly ynsjvbn rrr,jcghgdsmhft,djh,

Ynf dmygymjl yj ynf sfdjsi ijft ljy tv{{jsy ynf gcjpf tygyfhfly yngy IJ@@ gli

Ygmyut dogmht my tv{{jsyt gli my mt ljy g {sj{fs dmygymjl yj ynf sfdjsi,

Ynfsf gsf lvhfsjvt mldjssfdy dmyft gli ynfsf mt ljy fljvbn sjjh ml ynmt

Csmf` yj giisftt goo ynf mldjssfdy dmygymjlt yj ynf Sfdjsi, Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ngpf

mh{sj{fs dmygymjlt yj ynf Sfdjsi ml ynfms GJCt gy {gbft 7/ 0/ 2/ >/ =/ 7;/ 77/ 3;/ 33

gli 34, IJ@@ ml myt GJC/ cfbmllmlb jl {gbf 9;/ jlo} dmyft yj ynf FS gt Pjovhf

lvhcfst gli lj sf`fsfldft yj {gbf lvhcfst/ IJ@@t FS {gbf lvhcfst ij ljy

hgydn myt FS Ygcof j` Djlyflyt1 gli ijft ljy djlygml ynf lvhcfs j` {gbft gt

dogmhfi ml IJ@@t Ygcof j` Djlyflyt, IJ@@t FS Pjovhft 3 gli 4/ {gbft 4>0(



42/77

3>

>70 rfsf ljy{sftflyfi yj js `mofi rmyn ynf Imtysmdy Djvsy gli gsf ljy{gsy j` ynf

sfdjsi,

Rnfl tygyfhflyt ml jlft J{flmlb Csmf` gsf ljy {sj{fso} dmyfi gli

vltv{{jsyfi c} ynf sfdjsi/ ynf} hvty cf tysmdafl gli ljy djltmifsfi c} ynf Djvsy,

Tff [fyfstjl p, Nmbnogli Hvtmd/ Mld,/ 79; @,4i, 7474/ 7437 .=yn Dms, 7==>- gli

Dgshfl p, Tgl @sgldmtdj Vlm`mfi Tdn, Imty,/ 342 @,4i 7;30/ 7;4; .=yn Dms, 3;;7-,

Tff gotjMl sf CmjOgtf Yfdn, Tfd, Omymb,/Lj, ;9(=92 IJD .D,I, Dgo, Egl, 32/ 3;;4-

l71 @fi, S, G{{, [, 7;.g-1 gli Amstnlfs p, Vlmifl Djs{, j` Gh,/ >93 @,3i 7;29/

7;22 .=yn Dms, 7=>>-,

@fi, S, G{{, [, 3>.g-.2- sfwvmsfi G{{fooglyt yj tvchmy g tygyfhfly j` `gdyt

sfofpgly yj ynf mttvft tvchmyyfi `js sfpmfr rmyn g{{sj{smgyf sf`fsfldft yj ynf

sfdjsi, Mi, .fh{ngtmt giifi,- Ml giimymjl/ QfXpfs} gttfsymjl ml csmf`t sfbgsimlb

hgyyfst ml ynf sfdjsi tngoo cf tv{{jsyfi c} g sf`fsfldf yj ynf ojdgymjl ml ynf

f~dfs{yt j` sfdjsi rnfsf ynf hgyyfs mt yj cf `jvli, Lmlyn Dmsdvmy Svof 3>(3,>, Mi,

.fh{ngtmt giifi,- G{{fooglyt J{flmlb Csmf`t pmjogyf cjyn @fi, S, G[[, [,

3>.g-.2- gli Lmlyn Dmsdvmy Svof 3>(3,> c} hgamlb lvhfsjvt gttfsymjlt yngy gsf ljy

tv{{jsyfi c} ynf dmyfi FS tfdymjlt, Ynftf pmjogymjlt gsf bsjvlit `js tysmamlb

G{{fooglyt J{flmlb Csmf`t ml ynfms flymsfy} gli imthmttmlb ynfms g{{fgo.t-, L*T

Djs{, p, Omcfsy} Hvyvgo Mlt, Dj,/ 732 @, 4i 7796/ 7790 .=yn Dms, 7==2-1 Dnsmtymgl

Ofbgo Tjd"} Dng{yfs j` Vlmp, j` Dgo, p, Rv/ 030 @,4i 9>4/ 9>2(>> .=yn Dms, 3;7;-



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.Ynmt Djvsy ifdomlft yj giisftt gsbvhflyt {sftflyfi gt cgsf gttfsymjlt gli ljy

tv{{jsyfi c} ynf sfdjsi-1 Ygmyu gli IJ@@t GJC sf`fsfldft yj ynf sfdjsi sf`fs yj

gsbvhflyt js `gdyt ljy mldovifi ml ynf FS gt dogmhfi c} Ygmyu/ ml pmjogymjl j`@fi,

S, G{{, [,3>.g-.2- gli Lmlyn Dmsdvmy Svof 3>(3,> gli tnjvoi cf Tysmdafl, Ynmt

Djvsy ngt imthmttfi G{{fgot cgtfi jl tmhmogs/ m` ljy ynf tghf pmjogymjlt/ L*T

Djs{, p, Omcfsy} Hvyvgo Mlt, Dj,/ 732 @, 4i 7796/ 7790 .=yn Dms, 7==2-1 Ngl p,

Tygl`jsi Vlmp,/ 37; @,4i 7;4>/ 7;9; .=yn Dms, 3;;;-1 Dhy}, Djhhfsdf Cgla p,

J"Csmfl/ 473 @,4i 7746/ 7742 .=yn Dms, 3;;3-, Gy g hmlmhvh/ ynmt Djvsy tnjvoi

Tysmaf ynjtf {jsymjlt j` G{{fooglyt J{flmlb Csmf` yngy gsf ljy tv{{jsyfi {sj{fso}

c} dmygymjlt yj ynf FS/ gli*js ynf FS mt hmttygyfi gli hmtwvjyfi gli ynf {jsymjlt

yngy sf`fs yj ynfms Sfwvfty `js Evimdmgo Ljymdf,

I, YNF GLYM(TOG[[ TYGYVYF ijft LJY G[[O] yj

G[[FOOFFT DJH[OGMLY js ynf VLIFSO]MLB GDYMJL5

Ynf Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf rgt flgdyfi yj goojr `js fgso} imthmttgo j`

hfsmyoftt `msty ghflihfly dgtft gmhfi gy dnmoomlb f~{sfttmjl ynsjvbn djtyo}/ ymhf(

djltvhmlb omymbgymjl, Hfygcjom`f Mlyo/ Mld, p, Rjslmda/ 309 @,4i >43/ >4= .=yn

Dms, 3;;7-,

Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ml ynfms Glym(TOG[[ Hjymjl ij ljy gsymdvogyf njr ynf

Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf {fsygmlt yj ynfms gdyt, Mltyfgi/ Ygmyu gli IJ@@ gyygda Omcfsm

gli Jtyfoog rmyn `gotf goofbgymjlt tygymlb ynf {vcomd ngi g smbny yj aljr yngy Jtyfoog

ojdafi Ygmyu jvy j` nfs cojb gli yjja jpfs Ygmyut Cojb1 Omcfsm ngi gddftt yj



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4;

Cfsbt ijljst dsfimy dgsit1 yngy Omcfsm mt g djlpmdyfi ijdvhfly `jsbfs rnj mt

{sf{gsmlb ynf ijdvhflyt `js Cfsbt dgtft/ yngy ynf {vcomd ngi g smbny yj aljr yngy

tjhf j` ynjtf ijdvhflyt rfsf ljy bflvmlf1 Omcfsm ijft lgymjlrmif `vlisgmtmlb `js

Cfsb gli ynf {vcomd ngi g smbny yj aljr tnf rgt g djlpmdyfi ijdvhfly `jsbfs gli

ynmf`1 yngy ynf} jlo} imtysmcvyfi Omcfsmt dsmhmlgo sfdjsi1 yngy ynf} ngi yj rgsl

ynf {vcomd gcjvy Jtyfoog gli Omcfsm1 yngy fpfs} {jty c} G{{fooglyt rgt ysvyn`vo

ml`jshgymjl1 yngy ml ynf Jdfgl j` toglifs gli nfgstg} c} ynf [ogmlym``t/ ynfsf gsf g

`fr t{fdm`md tygyfhflyt/ gyysmcvyfi yj ynf if`fliglyt/ goo j` rnmdn gsf ysvyn`vo

ml`jshgymjl1 gli G{{fooglyt djh{ofyfo} hmtwvjyf G{{foofft Djh{ogmly ml ynfms

Hjymjl, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 76=(700X, Gt ifhjltysgyfi c} G{{foofft J{{jtmymjl yj

Ygmyu gli IJ@@t Hjymjl/ G{{foofft [@GD1 gli ynf 796 F~nmcmyt `mofi ml tv{{jsy

ynfsfj`/ Ygmyu gli IJ@@t tygyfhflyt ml ynfms Hjymjl gsf vlysvyn`vo, QFS/ Pjo, M/

{{, 7;2(769X/ QTFS Pjo,t 7/ {{, 36/ 32(3>/ 47(43/ 49(>0/ =;(=7/ 777(790/ 792(

76=/ 36;(3=2o/ Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;1 Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>61 Pjo, 9/ {{, >>2(7;>7/

77;;(77;9/ 777=(77631 Pjo, 6/ {{, 7376/ 7343(734>X,

Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ ynsfgyflfi yj ygaf Cfsb ijrl gli yj ij tj tnf

rgt bjmlb yj iftysj} Omcfsm gli bfy smi j` nfs, Ynmt ynsfgy rgt hgif g`yfs Omcfsm

gli Cfsb sf`vtfi yj gttmty Ygmyu rmyn nfs ofbgo flifgpjst gt g sftvoy j` nfs vlfynmdgo

cfngpmjst, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ rfly g`yfs Jtyfoog cfdgvtf Jtyfoog rjvoi

ljy omf `js Ygmyu gli tvctyglymgyf Ygmyut `gotf goofbgymjlt j` ngdamlb mlyj nfs



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47

cojb rfctmyf gli [g}[go gddjvlyt QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 763/ 303(309/ 477X/ QTFS/ Pjo,

7/ {{, 70(72/ 36/ >>/ =6(=0/ 79;/ 703X,

Ynmt ogrtvmy gbgmlty G{{fooglyt Ygmyu gli IJ@@ mt ljy gcjvy gl} {jomymdgo

mttvf/ cvy mltyfgi gcjvy Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ {vcomtnmlb Omcfsm gli Jtyfoogt

{smpgyf igyg/ mldovimlb cvy ljy omhmyfi yj Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} lvhcfst/ igyft j` cmsyn/

{ogdf j` cmsyn/ hjynfst hgmifl lghft/ njhf giisfttft/ hgmifl lghft/ t{jvtft

lghft/ igyft j` cmsyn/ Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} lvhcfst/ hfimdgo igyg/ `mlgldmgo igyg/

mldjhf/ dsfimy sf{jsyt gli dsfimy igyg/ gli jynfs {smpgyf igyg, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn

IJ@@ {vcomtnfi Omcfsm gli Jtyfoogt {smpgyf igyg sf{fgyfio} goo jpfs ynf Mlyfslfy/

sf{fgyfio} tfly my cf hgtt Fhgmo yj hmoomjlt j` mlimpmivgot gli djh{glmft/

mldovimlb mlyfslgymjlgoo}1 sf{fgyfio} imtdvttfi my jl Sgimj mlyfspmfrt/ YP tnjrt/

]jvYvcf pmifjt/ sf{fgyfio} {vcomtnfi my ynsjvbn ynfms Tjdmgo Lfyrjsat .g{{sj~,

fmbny Q>X @gdfcjja {gbft1 `smflit`ffi/ yrmyyfs/ cf`jsf myt lfrt/ gli jynfs Tjdmgo

Lfyrjsat-/ fyd, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 733(732/ 73=/ 747(742/ 794(799/ 790(792/ 76;(

767/ 764/ 309/ 300(32>/ 477(476/ 43;(437/ 434(439/ 430(432/ 43=(44;X/ QTFS

Pjot 7/ {{, 36/ 32(3>/ 47(43/ 49(>0/ =;(=7/ 777(790/ 792(76=/ 36;(3=21 Pjo, 3/

{{, 3=>(6=;1 Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>61 Pjo, 9/ {{, >>2(7;>7/ 77;;(77;9/ 777=(77631

Pjo, 6/ {{, 7376/ 7343(734>X,

Ynmt tvmy mt gotj gcjvy Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@t {vcomtnmlb `gotf

tygyfhflyt/ gddvtgymjlt gli goofbgymjlt gcjvy Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsb, Ygmyu `gotf



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43

gttfsymjlt gli goofbgymjlt mldovif cvy gsf ljy omhmyfi yj Omcfsm mt g dgsffs ijdvhfly

`jsbfs1 Omcfsm gli nfs nvtcgli impfsyfi `vlit `sjh Cfsb1 Omcfsm ngdafi gli

ygh{fsfi rmyn Ygmyu gli IJ@@t rfctmyf gli [g}[go1 Omcfsm tyjof hjlmft `sjh

IJ@@ gli Ygmyut [g}[go1 Omcfsm ngt `fojl} dngsbft {flimlb gbgmlty nfs1 Omcfsm

hvsifsfi nfs tmtyfs1 Omcfsm rgt f~yjsymlb hjlf} `sjh Ygmyu gli ynf jynfs

If`fliglyt1 Omcfsm ngi iftysj}fi {fj{oft ompft1 Omcfsm `jsbfi g``migpmyt ml Cfsbt

ogrtvmyt1 Omcfsm {fsevsfi nfs yftymhjl}1 Omcfsm tvcjslfi {fsevs}1 Omcfsm `jsbfi

tvc{jflgt ml Ygmyut lghf1 Omcfsm djhhmyyfi Tjdmgo Tfdvsmy} `sgvi1 Omcfsm

djhhmyyfi Mlyfslgo Sfpflvf @sgvi .yg~ `sgvi-1 Omcfsm ygh{fsfi rmyn Ygmyu gli nfs

nvtcglit dgs1 Omcfsm ngt gddftt yj ynmsi {gsymft dsfimy dgsit1 Omcfsm djhhmyyfi

`sgvi1 Omcfsm mt ml pmjogymjl j` nfs {sjcgymjl1 Omcfsm lffit yj cf cgda ml {smtjl1

Jtyfoog ngdafi Ygmyut rfctmyf gli [g}[go1 Jtyfoog tyjof hjlmft `sjh Ygmyu1

Jtyfoog nmegdafi Ygmyu cojb1 Jtyfoog `jsbfi Ygmyut lghf jl tvc{jflgt1 Jtyfoog mt

g ynmf`1 Jtyfoog ngt g dsmhmlgo sfdjsi1 Cfsb mt fh{oj}mlb g djlpmdyfi ijdvhfly

`jsbfs1 Cfsb mt tyfgomlb {fj{oft hjlf}1 Cfsb lffit yj cf imtcgssfi1 Cfsb/ Omcfsm

gli Jtyfoog gsf ngsgttmlb Ygmyu1 Cfsb/ Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog gsf if`ghmlb Ygmyu1 Omcfsm

`mofi djh{ogmlyt gbgmlty Ygmyu rmyn ynf Dgom`jslmg Tygyf Cgs/ fliglbfsmlb nfs

omdfltf1 Omcfs rgt djlpmdyfi j` miflymy} ynf`y/ j` `jsbmlb gli goyfsmlb {jomdf sf{jsyt

gli dsfimy sf{jsyt1 Omcfsmt nvtcgli rgt jl {gsjof1 Jtyfoogt nvtcgli rgt

cflf`mymlb `sjh ynf hjlmft Jtyfoog tyjof `sjh IJ@@/ g ljl{sj`my djs{jsgymjl1



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44

Omcfsm tvhhjlfi jynfst yj `mof `gotf djh{ogmlyt gbgmlty Ygmyu rmyn ynf Tygyf Cgs1

gli hgl} jynfs `gotf goofbgymjlt, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ hgif ynftf

tygyfhflyt gt `gdy/ ljy j{mlmjl gli {vcomtnfi goo ynftf tygyfhflyt sf{fgyfio} goo

jpfs ynf Mlyfslfy/ tfly ynfh c} hgtt Fhgmomlb sf{fgyfio}/ mldovimlb mlyfslgymjlgo/

hgif ynf `gotf tygyfhflyt jl sgimj {sjbsght/ YP {sjbsght/ ]jvYvcf pmifjt/ tfly

ynfh yj ogr fl`jsdfhfly/ tfly ynfh yj cvtmlftt gttjdmgyft j` ynf G{{foofft(

[ogmlym``t/ tfly ynfh yj Bjpfslhfly gbfldmft/ fyd, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 733(732/ 73=/

747(742/ 794(799/ 790(792/ 76;(767/ 764/ 309/ 300(32>/ 477(476/ 43;(437/ 434(

439/ 430(432/ 43=(44;X/ QTFS Pjo,t 7/ {{, 36/ 32(3>/ 47(43/ 49(>0/ =;(=7/ 777(

790/ 792(76=/ 36;(3=21 Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;1 Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>61Pjo, 9/ {{, >>2(

7;>7/ 77;;(77;9/ 777=(77631 Pjo, 6/ {{, 7376/ 7343(734>X,

Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ gotj jcygmlfi/ c} moofbgo hfglt/ g `ghmo} {mdyvsf

j` Omcfsm/ nfs nvtcgli gli tjl/ yngy rgt jlo} ojdgyfi jl Omcfsmt djh{vyfs, Ygmyu

c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ {vcomtnfi Omcfsmt `ghmo} {mdyvsf rmyn Omcfsmt njhf

giisftt goo jpfs nfs rfctmyf gy rrr,jso}ygmyuftw,djh/

rrr,jso}ygmyuftw,djh*cojb7/ rrr,sf{vc~,djh/ gli jl ynmsi {gsy} rfctmyft gli

cojbt1 tfly my c} hgtt Fhgmomlb yj hmoomjlt j` mlimpmivgot gli djh{glmft/ mldovimlb

gshfi hmomymg bsjv{t/ gli jynfs iglbfsjvt bsjv{t1 ynsjvbn STT `ffit/ Tjdmgo

Lfyrjsat/ goo j` rnmdn rgt ijlf sf{fgyfio} rmyn Ygmyu tygyfhflyt yngy Omcfsm/

Jtyfoog gli Cfsb rfsf jcjyt .[sftmifly Jcghg Tv{{jsyfst-/ sfi nfssmlbt gli yngy



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49

Omcfsm/ Cfsb gli Jtyfoog lffifi yj cf {jomymdgoo} {vsbfi, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn

IJ@@ dgoofi `js ynfms tv{{jsyfst yj gttmty ynfh tygymlb G{{foofft([ogmlym``t hvty

cf bjyyfl smi j`1 Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ gsjvtfi ynf fhjymjlt j` ynfms

tv{{jsyfst/ rnmdn mlpjopfi hgl} rnj ngi cffl djlpmdyfi j` iglbfsjvt dsmhft/

flsgbmlb ynfh gbgmlty Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsb `js ynfh yj ngsh Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog

gli Cfsb, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ ynsfgyflfi yj ngpf Jtyfoogt dnmoisfl

{sj`fttmjlgoo} amilg{{fi/ ynsfgyflfi yj bfy smi j` Cfsb gli Omcfsm gli tygyfi jl

sgimj g{{fgsgldft yngy tnf .Ygmyu- {sjpmifi {mdyvsft j` Omcfsm gli imsfdymjlt, Ygmyu

gotj {vcomtnfi gcjvy Omcfsmt nfgsy djlimymjlt gli jynfs tfsmjvt hfimdgo

djlimymjlt/ aljrmlb yngy djlymlvfi ngsgtthfly j` Omcfsm djvoi gli rjvoi

voymhgyfo} fli Omcfsmt om`f, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 733(732/ 73=/ 747(742/ 794(799/ 790(

792/ 76;(767/ 764/ 309/ 300(32>/ 477(476/ 43;(437/ 434(439/ 430(432/ 43=(44;X/

QTFS Pjo,t 7/ {{, 36/ 32(3>/ 47(43/ 49(>0/ =;(=7/ 777(790/ 792(76=/ 36;(3=21

Pjo, MM/ {{, 3=>(6=;1 Pjo, 4/ {{, 6=7(>>61 Pjo, 9/ {{, >>2(7;>7/ 77;;(77;9/ 777=(

77631 Pjo, 6/ {{, 7376/ 7343(734>X,

Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@ dgoofi ml goo j` nfs tv{{jsyfst yj bj yj ynf {ogdft

Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog sftmifi/ `mof `gotf ogr fl`jsdfhfly sf{jsyt gbgmlty Omcfsm gli

Jtyfoog/ dgoo {sjcgymjl if{gsyhflyt gli hgaf `gotf sf{jsyt/ `mof `gotf sf{jsyt rmyn

ynf Gyyjslf} Bflfsgo j` Lfr Hf~mdj gbgmlty Omcfsm/ ogr fl`jsdfhfly gbfldmft

rnfsf Jtyfoog sftmifi/ yngy Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog lffifi yj cf gssftyfi gli egmofi,



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46

Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog rfsf sfdfmpmlb ifgyn ynsfgyt `sjh Ygmyu tv{{jsyfst/ gli g tysglbf

hgl g{{fgsfi gy Omcfsmt njhf cf`jsf >5;; g,h,/ Omcfsmt {njlft rfsf

tdsghcofi/ ynf hgl rgt ojjamlb gli {ffsmlb ml Omcfsmt njhf rmlijrt/ fyd,

Ygmyu rgt fpfl sf{jsymlb jl {ogdft Omcfsmt tjl ngi cffl/ ysm{t nf ngi ygafl/ fyd,

QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 733(732/ 73=/ 747(742/ 794(799/ 790(792/ 76;(767/ 764/ 309/

300(32>/ 477(476/ 43;(437/ 434(439/ 430(432/ 43=(44;X/ QTFS Pjo,t 7/ {{, 36/

32(3>/ 47(43/ 49(>0/ =;(=7/ 777(790/ 792(76=/ 36;(3=21 Pjo, 3/ {{, 3=>(6=;1 Pjo,

4/ {{, 6=7(>>61 Pjo, 9/ {{, >>2(7;>7/ 77;;(77;9/ 777=(77631 Pjo, 6/ {{, 7376/

7343(734>X,

[vcomdgymjlt goofbfi yj djltymyvyf mlpgtmjlt j` {smpgd} hfsmy ynf tghf

djltymyvymjlgo {sjyfdymjlt gt ij {vcomdgymjlt goofbfi yj cf if`ghgyjs}, Ynf @msty

Ghflihfly j` ynf Vlmyfi Tygyft Djltymyvymjl ijft ljy{sjyfdy mlpgimlb g {smpgyf

mlimpmivgot {smpgd}/ js {vcomdgymjl j` ml`jshgymjl {fsygmlmlb yj g {smpgyf

mlimpmivgo rnmdn mt ljy lfrt rjsyn}, Dglysfoo p, @jsfty Dmy} [vcomtnmlb Dj,/ 97=

V,T, 396/ =6 T,Dy, 906/ 93 O,Fi,3i 97= .7=29-, @gotf goofbgymjlt/ gddvtgymjlt gli

sf{jsymlb j` ynf `gotf ml`jshgymjl gsf ljy @sff T{ffdn {sjyfdyfi c} ynf @msty

Ghflihfly yj ynf Vlmyfi Tygyft Djltymyvymjl, Tff Cfgvngslgmt p, Moomljmt/ 494

V,T, 36;/ 23 T, Dy, 236/ =0 O, Fi, =7= .7=63- QFS/ Pjo, M/ {, 739X, Ynfsf mt

gctjovyfo} lj wvftymjl yngy Ygmyut `gotf goofbgymjlt rfsf ijlf rmyn hgomdf, Ynf

sf{fgyfi {vcomdgymjl gli {vcomdmumlb j` Ygmyu `gotf tygyfhflyt/ gli ml`jshgymjl



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40

{fsygmlmlb yj Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsb fpmifldft hgomdf, Tff @mtnfs p, Ogstfl/

.7=>3- 74> Dgo, G{{, 4i 032/ 09; Q7>> Dgo, S{ys, 370X1 Sgldnj Og Djtyg/ Mld, p,

Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ .7=>;- 7;0 Dgo, G{{, 4i 090/ 002 Q706 Dgo, S{ys, 492X/ Fpglt p,

Vlajr/ .7==6- 4> Dgo, G{{, 9yn 79=; Q96 Dgo,S{ys,3i 039X wvjymlb @mtnfs p,

Ogstfl/ .7=>3- 74> Dgo,G{{,4i 032/ 09;/ Q7>> Dgo, S{ys, 370X1 gli Sfgifs"t

Imbfty Gttl, p, Tv{fsmjs Djvsy/ .7=>9- 42 Dgo,4i 399/ 36>/ Q3;> Dgo, S{ys, 742/

0=; [,3i 07;X QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 734X/ QTFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 2=(>;X,

Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog gsf ljy {vcomd mlimpmivgot/ ynvt ynf hgomdf tygligsi

ijft ljy g{{o} QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 733X, Ygmyu c} gli ynsjvbn IJ@@t {vcomdgymjl j`

Jtyfoog gli Omcfsmt {smpgyf igyg/ gt rfoo gt goo ynf `gotf tygyfhflyt/ goofbgymjlt/

gttfsymjlt/ `gotf sf{jsyt/ ngsgtthfly/ fyd, gsf ljy {sjyfdyfi vlifs ynf @msty

Ghflihfly j` ynf V,T, Djltymyvymjl js Dgom`jslmgt Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf, Tff Lfr

]jsa Ymhft p, Tvoompgl/ 420 V,T, 369/ >9 T, Dy, 27;/ 77 O, Fi, 3i 0>0 .7=09-, Tff

gotj Ivll & Csgitysffy/ Mld, p, Bsfflhjtt Cvmoifst/ .7=>6- 923 V,T, 29=/ 203

.{ovs, j{l, j` [jrfoo/ E,- Qtygymlb yngy rnfl t{ffdn #djldfslt lj {vcomd mttvf# gli

mt #rnjoo} `gotf gli dofgso} ighgbmlb/# my #rgssglyt lj t{fdmgo {sjyfdymjl# vlifs

ynf @msty GhflihflyX, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 734(736X,

My mt tfyyofi ml Dgom`jslmg yngy ljy goo t{ffdn js {fymymjl gdympmy} mt

djltymyvymjlgoo} {sjyfdyfi, Tff @ogyof} p, Hgvsj/ .3;;0- 4= Dgo, 9yn 3==/ 4741

Gbvmogs p, Gpmt Sfly G Dgs T}tyfh/ Mld,/ tv{sg/ .7===- 37 Dgo,9yn 737 Q>2



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42

Dgo,S{ys,3i 7431 =>; [,3i >90 gy {, 749X Qynf smbny yj `sff t{ffdn mt ljy

gctjovyfX, Jvs Dgom`jslmg Djvsyt ngpf tygyfi/ Goojrmlb tgldymjlt mt djltmtyfly

rmyn ynf yf~y j` ynf tygyf djltymyvymjlgo {sjpmtmjl/ rnmdn hgaft gl}jlf rnj

#gcvtfQtX# ynf smbny j` `sffijh j` t{ffdn #sft{jltmcof# `js ynf hmtdjlivdy, .Dgo,

Djlty,/ gsy, M/ 3/ tvci, .g-1 Tff Csjrl p, Afoo} Csjgidgtymlb Dj,/ .7=>=- 9>

Dgo,4i 277/ 290 QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 734(736X,

Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog gsf ljy{vcomd `mbvsft/ ynf} gsf ljy ml ynf {vcomd f}f gli

ynfms ompft gsf ljy lfrtrjsyn} gli ljynmlb ml Jtyfoog gli Omcfsmt ompft gsf g

{vcomd mttvf, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 739X, Ygmyu gli IJ@@ dogmh yngy Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog

rjsafi jl dgtft yngy rfsf j` {vcomd mh{jsygldf, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {, 704X, G {smpgyf

mlimpmivgo mt ljy gvyjhgymdgoo} ysglt`jshfi mlyj g {vcomd `mbvsf evty c} cfdjhmlb

mlpjopfi ml js gttjdmgyfi rmyn g hgyyfs yngy gyysgdyt {vcomd gyyflymjl, Rjotyjl p,

Sfgifs"t Imbfty Gttl/ Mld,/ .7=2=- 994 V,T, 762/ 702/ == T,Dy, 32;7/ 32;2/ 07

O,Fi,3i 96;,

Ynf Glym(TOG[[ tygyvyf/ Dgo, Dmp, Djif 936,70 ijft ljy g{{o} yj Omcfsm/

Jtyfoog gli Cfsbt ogrtvmy gbgmlty Ygmyu/ IJ@@ gli*js ynf jynfs If`fliglyt,

F, YNF GLYM(TOG[[ TYGYVYF DGO, DMP, DJIF 936,705

Ml ifdmimlb gl Glym(TOG[[ G{{fgo/ ynf Lmlyn Dmsdvmy fh{oj}t g yrj(tyf{

{sjdftt `js ifyfshmlmlb ynf dgtf, Pgsmgl Hfimdgo T}tyfht/ Mld, p, Ifo`mlj .3;;6-

46 Dgo,9yn 7>;/ 7=3 mt moovtysgympf5 #@msty/ ynf djvsy hvty ifyfshmlf "rnfynfs ynf



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4>

if`fligly ngt hgif g ynsftnjoi tnjrmlb yngy ynf dngooflbfi dgvtf j` gdymjl" gsmtft

`sjh gl gdy ml `vsynfsgldf j` ynf smbny j` {fymymjl js `sff t{ffdn ml djllfdymjl rmyn

g {vcomd mttvf, QDmygymjl,X Tfdjli/ ynf djvsy hvty "ifyfshmlf rnfynfs ynf {ogmlym``

ngt ifhjltysgyfi g {sjcgcmomy} j` {sfpgmomlb jl ynf dogmh,"# QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 737(

73>X,

Ml jsifs yj {sfpgmo jl gl Glym(TOG[[ hjymjl/ ynf If`fligly mt sfwvmsfi yj

hgaf g {smhg `gdmf tnjrmlb yngy ynf [ogmlym``t tvmy gsmtft `sjh gl gdy c} ynf

If`fligly hgif ml djllfdymjl rmyn g {vcomd mttvf ml `vsynfsgldf j` ynf

If`fliglyt smbny yj `sff t{ffdn vlifs ynf Vlmyfi Tygyft js Dgom`jslmg Djltymyvymjl,

Tff Vlmyfi Tygyft f~ sfo, Lfrtngh p, Ojdanffi Hmttmoft & T{gdf Dj,/ 7=; @,4i

=04/ =27 .=yn Dms, 7===-1 Tff gotj 936,70.f- .if`mlmlb gdy ml `vsynfsgldf j` g

{fstjlt smbny j` , , , `sff t{ffdn,-, QFS/ Pjo, 7/ {{, 737(73>X,

Ygmyu gli IJ@@ ml ynfms GJCt ngpf giifi lfr tyjsmft gli if`fltft gli

ljr dogmh ynfms t{ffdn gcjvy Cfsb/ Omcfsm gli Jtyfoog rgt {jomymdgo t{ffdn/ rnmdn

my rgt ljy, Ynf t{ffdn ml wvftymjl/ gt jvyomlfi gcjpf/ rgt ynf sf{fgyfi {vcomdgymjl

j` Omcfsm/ Jtyfoog gli Cfsbt {smpgyf igyg1 gli `gotf gttfsymjlt/ tyjsmft/ gli

goofbgymjlt yngy rfsf {gyflyo} `gotf/ yngy ngi ljynmlb yj ij rmyn gl} y}{f j` {vcomd

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