Levels of Organization

Mr. MahLiving Environment

09/15/09Lecture 2

Warm-upClassify the following things as Living or Non-Living Organisms.

For each of the Non-Living Organisms, write which of the life processes it is missing.

VirusPotato (uncooked)

MaggotChicken Egg (unfertilized)

Virus – Non-LivingCannot reproduce on its own

Potato – LivingIf you leave the potato out, it grows!

Maggot – LivingFly Larvae

Chicken Egg – Non-livingSINGLE CELLNo Respiration, no synthesis

AIM: How are living things organized?

Types of OrganismsUnicellular Multicellular

Uni = oneThese organisms have only ONE cell

Multi = more than 1Organism is made up of more than 1 cell

Unicellular Organisms•Can still do everything they need to stay alive•Benefits over multicellular organisms:

•Need fewer resources •Can live in harsher conditions

•Ex: Some algae, protists, and eukaryotes (yeasts)

Uni = ONE

Multicellular Organisms•Much more complex than unicellular organisms•Ex: Plants, animals, some protists, and most fungi are multicellular

Multicellular Organism Characteristics

•Larger size = have less predators and have more options of things to eat•Longer life = organism will continue to live even if a single cell dies•Specialization – each type of cell has a specific job, making the organism more efficient

Levels of Organization are important when we move from unicellular organisms to multicellular organisms

We are getting more and more complexThink about our bodies. Not all of our cells do the same things. There is some type of organization.

Levels of OrganizationLevel 1 - CellsLevel 2 – TissuesLevel 3 - OrgansLevel 4 – Organ SystemsLevel 5 - Organism

Level 1 - Cells•Cells are the smallest unit of life.•Basic unit of structure in all living things•May have specific functions (jobs) in the body•Ex: Blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells

Level 2 - Tissue•A group of cells that work together to do a specific job•Made of up of cells that are similar in structure and function•Humans have 4 basic types•Ex: Heart Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Fat Tissue.

The Heart

What Types of Tissue is the heart made out of?

Muscle TissueConnective TissueNervous Tissue

Level 3 - Organs•Made up of 2 or more tissues that work together to perform a specific activity•Ex: Stomach – muscle tissue moves food, special tissues make chemicals to digest food, connective tissue holds stomach together, nervous tissue sends messages back and forth between the stomach and brain

Level 4 – Organ Systems•Organ system = group of organs working together to perform a specific function•Each organ system has a specific job•Ex: Digestive system is made of several organs including the stomach and intestines

The Human Body has 11 organ systems CirculatoryDigestiveEndocrineExcretory (urinary)Immune(lymphatic)Integumentary

(skin)

•Muscular•Nervous•Reproductive•Respiratory•Skeletal.

Level 5 - OrganismEntire living things that can carry out all basic life

processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.

Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.

Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human

Structure of Animals

Cells-basic unit of an animal’s structure

-becomes specialized_______________________________

Tissues-made of cells that work together to perform a specific function

__________________________________________Organs

-made of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function____________________________________________________

Organ Systems-made of organs that work together to perform a specific function

_____________________________________________________________Organisms