1 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

8/7/2019 1 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

1/24

Dr. Jeri Higginbotham

BIO 112


2/24

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Natural Scientists Understanding of

the Material Universe with an

Emphasis on OrganicLife (Biology)


3/24

Biosphere Levels of

Ec

osystem OrganizationCommunityPopulation

Organism

Organ System

Organ

Tissue

CellOrganelle

Molecule

Atom

Subatomic particles


4/24

ENERGY

Underlying and permeating through thelevels of organization is energy.

e = mc2

where

e stands for energy,

m stands for mass (weight),

and c stands for the speed of light (186,000 mi/s)


5/24

Biosphere Levels of

Ec

osystem OrganizationCommunityPopulation

Organism

Organ System

Organ

Tissue

CellOrganelle

Molecule

Atom

Subatomic particles


6/24

Subatomic particles

Energy consolidates (in ways we do not fully

understand) to form subatomic particles.

1. Proton positively (+) charged particle2. Neutron electrically neutral particle

3. Electron negatively (-) charged particle


7/24

Atoms

Subatomic particles associate to form atoms.

Atoms have different characteristics

depending on the number of protons they

have. Atoms with the same number of

protons have the same characteristics and are

atoms of the same element.


8/24

Molecules

Atoms associate to form molecules.

Macromolecules

Smaller molecules associate to form

larger molecules.


9/24

Organelles

Aggregates of macromolecules which have

specific structures and perform specific

functions.


10/24

MICROSCOPY

System of lenses

magnifies specimens

so that their parts can

be seen or seen moreclearly. Cells and

their internal

structure (organelles)were discovered using

microscopes.

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0522/5b03b57bd78cf


11/24

CellsThe lowest level of organization which everyone

agrees exhibits the properties of life.

Basic unit of living matter separated from the

environment by a plasma (cell) membrane.


12/24

Tissues

Groups ofcells of the same type performing the

same function.

http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/08/01/health/adam/1679BoneTissue.html


13/24

DISSECTION

Tissues, organs,

and organ

systems in allspecies studied

were discovered

by dissecting

(cutting it open)the organisms.


14/24

Organs

A group of tissues which have spe

cific

structuresand/or shapes and perform specific functions.

http://faculty.orangecoastcollege.edu/mperkins/zoo-review/rat-abdomen/rat-abdomen9.html


15/24

Organ Systems

Groups of organs which work together toperform specific functions.

http://www.stjohns.com/healthinfo/adult/urology/anatomy.aspx


16/24

Organisms

Individual living things, such as bacteria, fungi,

protists, plants, animals.

http://www.plantoftheweek.org/week005.shtml


17/24

Populations

Groups of organisms of the same species livingin the same area at the same time.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304180804575188492367512632.html

Emperor penguin colonies, like this one on Cape Roget, are widely spaced in

Antarctica, making it difficult to conduct a census of the birds. Minden


18/24

Human Population

http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html

http://www.cpirc.org.cn/index.asp

World

United States

China


19/24

Whooping Crane Population

Year Number of

whoopers

1860 14001941 15

1970 57

2005 214

http://www.nwf.org/W

ildlife/W

ildlife-Library/Birds/W

hooping-Crane.aspx

http://www.fws.gov/northflorida/WhoopingCrane/Crane-Images/flying-wc.jpg


20/24

Communities

All the populations living in the same area at thesame time.

http://www.olympiccoast.noaa.gov/living/habitats/tidepool/welcome.html


21/24

Ecosystems

Communities plus their

habitats.

Another way of saying thisis all the organisms in a

particular place plus

their physical environment.

http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.htm?programID=08-P13-00019&segmentID=5


22/24

Biosphere

That portion of the

planet inhabited

by life. It includes

the air, the surface

of the earth, the

surface waters,

and down into theearth.

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap010204.html


23/24

Biosphere Levels of

Ecosystem Organization

Community

Population

Organism

Organ System

Organ

Tissue

CellOrganelle

Molecule

Atom

Subatomic particles


24/24

Properties of Life

Order (Organization)

Regulation (Homeostasis)

Growth and development Energy processing (Metabolism)

Response to the environment

(Irritability) Reproduction

Evolutionary adaptation

ORGANISMAL

ORGANISMAL

ORGANISMAL

POPULATION

Documents

1 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION