Lesson 2 - The Pentateuch Part 1_with Fill-Ins

8/13/2019 Lesson 2 - The Pentateuch Part 1_with Fill-Ins

1/26ROOTED:OLD TESTAMENT

ROOTED:OLD TESTAMENT

study two the pentateuch part i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

introduction 2-1

the pentateuch 2-1

genesis 2-2

Brief Synopsis 2-2

Creation 2-3

Sin 2-3

Judgment 2-4

Abraham 2-4

Election 2-5

Promise 2-6

Covenant 2-7

Into Egypt 2-7

exodus 2-8

Brief Synopsis 2-8

Oppression: Slavery in Egypt 2-8

Moses 2-9

Redemption: The Exodus 2-10

Covenant: The Giving of the Law 2-11

Gods Character 2-13 Worship: The Tabernacle 2-13


2/26ROOTED:OLD TESTAMENT

study two the pentateuch part i

TABLE OF CONTENTS continued

leviticus 2-13

Brief Synopsis 2-13

Worship: Responding to Gods Call 2-14

The Law 2-15

Holiness 2-16

The Five Major Offerings 2-17

Atonement 2-17

appendix A: major OT passages 2-19

appendix B: israels travels 2-20

appendix C: charts 2-21

The Tribes of Israel 2-21

The Tabernacle 2-22

Major OT Theological Themes 2-23

study two endnotes 2-24


3/26ROOTED:OLD TESTAMENT 2 - 1

INTRODUCTION

This class will study three of the first five books of the Old Testament, commonly called the Pentateuch.

This class will cover:

- The basic structure of each book.

- An introduction to the major teachings found in these books.

- A survey of the main historical events and people that played a significant role in

the history of Israel and in Gods unfolding plan of salvation for his people.

Many Christians dont spend a lot of time reading the Old Testament (OT). However, the OT is

the foundation for a greater understanding of Jesus and the character of God. The OT has much

to offer our faith! One person has noticed:

Aside from a few celebrated texts on Creation and the fall of man, selections dealing with the

names and ascriptions of deity, and passages presenting the basic ideas of covenant, the Torah [Pentateuch] is generally neglected.

True, passages are chosen from time to time to illustrate truth already affirmed in the NT, but rarely do theologians build theological

propositions solidly on Torah truth.1

The purpose of this class is to provide a quick snapshot of this portion of the OT and to provide you with some tools to help you

read the Bible well.

[the pentateuch]

1. The term Pentateuch is a Greekword meaning five-volumed. This refers to the firstfive books of the Bible (see sidebar).

- These books are also called: The Law, The Book of the Law, The Five Books of Moses,

and The Torah.

2. Torah is a Hebrewword meaning instructionor teaching. This is an accurate description

of these books because they contain the historyand lawsof the people of Israel.

3. Most scholars believe Moses wrotethe Pentateuch.

- The Bible teaches this (Jesus didsee Mark 12:26), and the earliest Christian and

Jewish traditions have always affirmed Mosaic authorship.

- Those who have disputed this dont have conclusive evidence.

MAJOR OT DIVISIONSThe PentateuchThe History BooksPoetry and Wisdom Literature

Major ProphetsMinor Prophets

THE PENTATEUCHGenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomy

GENESISThe ancient beginnings of the

human race and Israel.

EXODUSThe creation of a nation that beganin slavery and ended in a covenantrelationship with God.

LEVITICUSFocuses on what it means to lead aholy life and to worship God.

NUMBERS

The events of the 40-yearwanderings of Israel, which was

judgment due to the peoplesrebellion against God.

DEUTERONOMYThe farewell speeches of Moses toIsrael in which he reminds themof their redemption and obligationto God.



4. The Pentateuch is not a collection of abstract religious or moral ideas. Its message roots itself in historyand cannot be

understood apart from the historical events it describes.

5. The importance of the Pentateuch can hardly be overemphasized. These five books create the foundationfor understanding the

Bible. For example, the New Testament book of Hebrews makes little sense without an understanding of the OT.

- These books are the first written revelation by God. They are the opening chapters of Gods love letter to humanity. The

Pentateuch is the center of the Jewish canon and is the most important section of their Bible.

6. The Pentateuch sets the tonefor the rest of Scripture. Every major teaching or doctrine has its roots in the Pentateuch. Gods

love for humanityand our hope of redemptioncan be found on nearly every page.

GENESIS

[brief synopsis]

I. Major World Events (111)

- Creation

- Fall

- Flood

- Tower of Babel

II. The Forefathers of Israel (1250)

- Abraham

- Isaac (Ishmael)

- Jacob (Esau)

- Joseph (11 brothers)

Genesis seeks to establish two major points:

(a) The God of creation is the God of the Israelites.

(b) Obedience to Gods covenant with Israel is the re-establishment of Gods original purpose for creation.



[creation]

1. God created everything, and God did it out of nothing.

- There were no accidents in creation; everything was intended.

- God made everything in six days and then rested on the seventh.

- God created everything through his words, but the exact details of how this happened is not known.

2. God created everything perfect, without sin.

3. Human beings were the crown of all creation, created in Gods image.

- Many people have said that in the image of God means we have a soul or spirit, mind, conscience, self-awareness, and

reason.

- The Bible does not give us a specific definition; there is something in usthe image of Godthat is not in animals.

- People have the ability to choose and to be held accountable; this separates us from everything else in creation.

4. God wanted people to rule(steward) over the earth; it is our great gift, a playground for us to find life.

5. God created everything in love, and that meant giving Adam and Eve the option of whether or not to love back.

[sin]

1. With encouragement from the devil, Adam and Eve chose to disobeyGod.

2. The consequence of disobedience was deathnot just the physical kind, but also spiritual separation from God. This is why they

were kicked out of the Garden of Eden.



3. Sin had other drastic consequencesthat devastated and perverted Gods perfect creation:

- Increased pain in childbirth.

- A chasm between gendermale and female relationship imperfect.

- The ground grew weeds. Food came only after hard work.

4. The three major relationships a person haswith God, other people, and creationwere ruined and therefore in need of

restoration.

[judgment]

1. Gods judgment on Adam and Eve wasnt arbitrary, vindictive, or evil. Its evidence of Gods love and consistency.

2. Gods loveled to the perfect creation of people who had choice. Those choices had to have consequences; they wouldnt be real

choices without real results.

3. Gods love means he wanted nothing but the best for us. Even in the midst of judgment, Gods gift of the hope of redemption wasstill present.

- God promised that salvation would come from Eves offspring and that ultimately this person would destroy the devil.

[abraham]

1. Abraham was a wealthy man who lived in the city of Ur. At the age of 75he was called by God: Leave your native country, your

relatives, and your fathers family, and go to the land that I will show you (Genesis 12:1).

2. Abraham became a nomadwith a large family and many servants. His travels led him through Canaan, the Sinai Peninsula, and

Egypt.



3. Abraham was very old before he had any sons. God had promised Abraham his descendants would become a nation.

- Abrahams wife, Sarah, was too old for childbearing. So Abraham decided to have a child with Sarahs servant Hagar; their

sons name was Ishmael.

- Although God disapproved of Abrahams actions (even though they were culturally acceptable), God still chose to bless

Abraham and Sarah with a son, Isaac. Gods blessings are not always linked to a persons actions.

4. Abraham was the fatherof the nation of Israel. He is known for putting God first in his life, he was a man of faith and obedience

(Hebrews 11:17-19), and he was the father of all who live by faith(Galatians 3:9).

[election]

1. Important to understanding OT theology is the concept of the electionof Israel.

2. Out of all of the people in the world, God elected or choseAbraham for a specific task, for specific promises.

- Election probably isnt the best term; it implies a bunch of people getting together and votingthats not how it

happened. Theres only one vote: Gods.

3. Historical eventsdont just happen by chance. God is in control.

For I know the plans I have for you, says the Lord. They are plans for good and not for disaster, to give you a future and a hope

(Jeremiah 29:11).

- God has plans for everyone, plans made before the world was made.

4. Jesus also taught this idea of election:

You didnt choose me. I chose you. I appointed you to go and produce lasting fruit, so that the Father will give you whatever you ask

for, using my name (John 15:16).



5. Election is Gods sovereign choosingof a person according to his eternal purposes.

[promise]

1. A promise is something you can counton. God made a promise to Abraham that he didnt have to make. Nobody forced God; he

gave a giftof his promise.

2. In Genesis 12, God promised Abraham:

- He would become a great nation

- He would be blessed

- He would have a great name (interesting irony: see Genesis 11)

- God would be on his side

- He would bless all the peoples of the earth

Another word for promise is graceundeserved favor. God made and kept all sorts of favors to Abraham (see Deuteronomy 9:5; 1

Kings 8:56; Psalm 105; Psalm 119; and Haggai 2:5).

3. When God makes a promise, our response is to have faithin what God plans (see Romans 4:16-17 and Galatians 3:18).

4. Maintaining faith in Gods promises was difficultfor Abraham. For example:

- Sarah was barrenunable to have children

- The land of Israel was filled with other powerful nations

Some of Gods promises to Abraham werent fulfilled until Jesus came!

5. Believersin Christ receive Abrahams promise from God (Galatians 3:29). This means Christians are Gods children.



[covenant]

1. A covenant is a legalcontract or deal between two parties.

2. There were several different kinds of covenants in ancient times, depending on the parties involvedand the duration of the

covenant.

3. Covenants usually involved responsibilities to be carried out by both parties. When one side broke the covenant, the other side

was releasedfrom obligation.

4. In Genesis 1617, God entered into a strictcovenant with Abraham according to ancient traditions.

Gods Obligations

- Make Abraham father of many nations of kings

- Covenant will be everlasting, with descendants to give Abraham the land of Canaan

Abrahams obligations

- He must keep the covenant and his descendants must be circumcised

5. Further details of Gods covenant with Abrahams descendents came to Moses some 400 years later in the form of the Law.

- With his death and resurrection, Jesus ushered in a new and better covenant between God and humanity (see Hebrews 8).

[into egypt]

1. Through a complex series of God-controlled events, the Israelite clan (Abrahams descendents) moved to Egypt(from Canaan).

2. The last major portion of Genesischapters 3750is called the Joseph Narrative.

These chapters describe the amazing life of Joseph and reveal how God worked

behind the scenes to bring about his will.

THE FATHERS OF ISRAELAbrahamIsaacJacob



3. Joseph was Jacobs favorite son, and his 11 brothers were veryjealous. They sold Joseph into slavery, and he ended up in Egypt.

After being falsely accused of sexual immorality, he was thrown into jail.

4. A few years later, Joseph impressed the Pharaoh by interpreting his dreams(God gave Joseph the wisdom to understand). Joseph

became the second in command over all of Egypt.

5. There was a severe faminein the region, and the Israelites needed food, so they moved to Egypt. Joseph gave his father the best

land for his family. The Israelites would end up living there for more than 400years.

(See the chart of the Tribes of Israel on page 2-21.)

EXODUS

[brief synopsis]

I. Redemption from slavery (118)

- The time is now: Slavery (1)

- A leader is born: Moses (26)

- The 10 plagues (711)

- The Exodus (1218)

II. Covenant at Mount Sinai (1924)

- Covenant proposed (19)

- The Law (2023)

- The Covenant ratified (24)

III. Worshipping God (2540)

- Instructions for building the tabernacle (2531)

- Rebellion so soon: Idol worship (3234)

- Building the tabernacle (3540)

[oppression: slavery in egypt]

1. The narrative in the book of Exodus begins about 400 years after the close of Genesis. The Israelites still lived in Egypt.



Politicalpower shifted in Egypt, and a Pharaoh who knew nothing about Joseph or what he had done (Exodus 1:8)ruled over the

Egyptians.

2. This Pharaoh fearedthe rapidly growing Israelites, and he enslaved them as a means to control them. This action wasnt enough,

so the Pharaoh ordered all Israelite males to be killed at birth.

3. The slavery by the Egyptians was particularly harsh (see 5:1-21), and a collective groan arose from the Israelites to the Lord for

help (6:5).

4. God heard this plea for help, rememberedhis promise to Abraham, and sent Moses to deliver Israel.

[moses]

The life of Israels most important human prophet can be conveniently divided into three roughly equal parts of 40 years.

Prince

- Moses was born during the time of Pharaohs persecution but escaped death and was raised by one of Pharaohs daughters.

- Living in the royal household, Moses received an advanced education(Acts 7:22) in order to be prepared for political

leadership in Egypt.

- Being an Israelite, Moses sympathized with the harsh slaveryof the Hebrews. One day, in a fit of anger, Moses killed a crue

Egyptian who was beating an Israelite. Moses became a fugitive and fled to the wilderness, to Midian.

Shepherd

- In Midian, Moses took on a much different position as a shepherdfar from Egypt.

- These 40 years in the wildernessrepresented an important step in Moses development as a leader. Moses had time to

think, reflect, develop humility, and build a family.

- He also spent time learning about the land through which he would eventually lead the Israelites.

- From a mysterious burning bush, God calledMoses to lead Israel from slavery. Moses tried to make excuses; eventually he

obeyed God.


12/26



the houses where you are staying. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. This plague of death will not touch you when I strike the

land of Egypt. This is a day to remember. Each year, from generation to generation, you must celebrate it as a special festival to the

Lord. This is a law for all time (Exodus 12:12-14).

And in the future, your children will ask you, What does all this mean? Then you will tell them, With the power of his mighty hand,

the Lord brought us out of Egypt, the place of our slavery. Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, so the Lord killed all the firstborn

males throughout the land of Egypt, both people and animals. That is why I now sacrifice all the firstborn males to the Lordexcept

that the firstborn sons are always bought back. This ceremony will be like a mark branded on your hand or your forehead. It is a

reminder that the power of the Lords mighty hand brought us out of Egypt (Exodus 13:14-16).

2. It is important to understand that God redeemedIsrael before giving them the Law. The peoples salvation came before their

lifestyle changed. God gained credibility before giving them guidelines for living.

3. After the 10 plagues, God led the Israelites by a pillar of cloudsduring the day and by a pillar of fireat night. The journey to

Mount Sinai included several other miracles:

- Splitting of the sea

- Purified bitter water

- Provided food (manna and quail)

- Brought water from a rock

- Victory against the Amalekites

4. The trip from Egypt to Sinai took three months. God saved, protected, and guided Israel, yet the people still complainedoften

and put God to the test.

(See map on page 2-20 for the details of their journey.)

[covenant: the giving of the law]

1. When Israel first got to Mount Sinai, God reminded the people of his redemptionand stated his plans for them:

You have seen what I did to the Egyptians. You know how I carried you on eagles wings and brought you to myself. Now if you will

obey me and keep my covenant, you will be my own special treasure from among all the peoples on earth; for all the earth belongs to

me. And you will be my kingdom of priests, my holy nation. This is the message you must give to the people of Israel (Exodus 19:4-6)



- The people agreed to follow God:

And all the people responded together, We will do everything the Lord has commanded. So Moses brought the peoples

answer back to the Lord (Exodus 19:8).

2. Israel camped before Mount Sinai, but the people were careful not to touchthe mountain. The mountain was holyand off limits

because Gods presence was there. Only Moses could go up on the mountain to listen to God and receive the Law.

- Moses came down from the mountain:

Then Moses went down to the people and repeated all the instructions and regulations the Lord had given him. All the people

answered with one voice, We will do everything the Lord has commanded. Then Moses carefully wrote down all the Lords

instructions. Early the next morning Moses got up and built an altar at the foot of the mountain. He also set up twelve pillars,

one for each of the twelve tribes of Israel (Exodus 24:3-4).

- The people agreed to the covenant with God

- Moses wrote down everything God had said

3. Moses returned to the mountain a second time, this time for an extended period: 40 days. While there, Moses received more

instructions for worship and the two tablets of the testimony.

4. The people got nervous and thought Moses would never come back, so they created an idoland worshippedit.

- When Moses came down, he was so angry that he threw the tablets and broke them. That day, Gods faithful servants killed

3,000 people. As further punishment, God sent a plague on the people.

5. Moses went up to the mountain a third time, again for 40 days, to listento God. When he returned, the people began building

the tabernacle. The total time Israel spent at Mount Sinai was about a year.



[Gods character]

The Lord passed in front of Moses, calling out, Yahweh! The Lord! The God of compassion and mercy! I am slow to anger and filled

with unfailing love and faithfulness. I lavish unfailing love to a thousand generations. I forgive iniquity, rebellion, and sin. But I do no

excuse the guilty. I lay the sins of the parents upon their children and grandchildren; the entire family is affectedeven children in the

third and fourth generations (Exodus 34:6-7).

But I lavish unfailing love for a thousand generations on those who love me and obey my commands (Exodus 20:6).

God isat all timesrighteous and just. God is our model; God sets the standards. God is compassionate and gracious but also

consistent: The guilty will be punished.

Its important not to ignoretruth about God simply because it doesnt make sense, we dont agree with it, or its a truth that

doesnt help us.

[worship: the tabernacle]

1. A major portion of Exodus deals with worshipping God in the tabernacle. The significance of the tabernacle for Israel could hardly

be overstated. The glory of God, Gods very presence, was in the tabernacle. God came downfrom heaven to dwell among his people

- The tabernacle was yet more evidence of Gods love. God created us, saves us, and reveals himself to us, but this is not

enoughGod also lives among us.

- With the tabernacle, God no longer spoke to Israel from the mountaintopGod lived with them and would travel with

them.

(See the chart on page 2-22 for a diagram of the tabernacle.)

LEVITICUS

[brief synopsis]

I. Five major offerings (17)

II. Tabernacle worship (810)

III. Laws of cleanness (1115)

IV. The Day of Atonement (16)



V. Personal holiness (1722)

VI. Feasts and worship (2324)

VII. Laws of land use (25)

VIII. Warnings against falling away (26)

IX. Laws concerning gifts (27)

[worship: responding to Gods call]

1. The book of Leviticus contains very little narrative. The opening and closing scenes find Israel at the same geographical spot

(Mount Sinai).

2. Leviticus is a book of worship. It explains the workingsof the tabernacle, lawsthe people were to obey, and holy daysthey

were to observe.

3. Leviticus is a book of law and must be studiedcarefully by the Christian.

- With Jesus, there is a change in law (Hebrews 7:12) and thus some laws do not apply to Christians (Acts 10:14-15), and yet

others are to be obeyed (such as the Ten Commandments).

(Well take a closer look at the Law in a moment.)

4. The book of Leviticus lays the foundation for the work of Jesus on the cross.

- Without Leviticus, the death of Christ would hold no meaning; we would be forced to say, So why did Jesus die?

- No matter how you slice it up, animal sacrifice is nasty. Bulls are screaming, knives are being sharpened, blood is spilling,

and life is being extinguished. And can you imagine the smell? Burnt flesh and blood? When the pastorsthe priests

went home, they needed a shower.

- However, none of this even comes close to illustrating just how painful and gross all sin is before God.



5. The books of Genesis and Exodus record dozens of times where God calls out to his people. In Leviticus we see people answering

that call.

[the law]

1. The nation of Israel was a theocracy: a country ruled by God. There was no difference or division between church and state, as

the NT seems to advocate (Matthew 22:21).

- The religious laws of Israel were also the civil laws; this is why breaking the Law would have punishments like capital

punishment.

2. There are several ways to categorize, understand, and interpretthe Laws found in the OT:

(a) Traditional understanding

1. Morallaws: you shall not laws that are always true for all time

2. Civillaws: given by government to ensure a smooth-running society

3. Ceremoniallaws: dietary laws, laws about cleanliness, and so on

For the Christian, this understanding usually views the ceremonial laws as no longer relevant. The civil laws change to the

standard to existing government laws, and the moral laws are still relevant.

(b) Relational understanding

1. Laws that deal with our relationship with God.

For example: Commandments 1-4.

2. Laws that deal with our relationship with people.

For example: Commandments 5-10.

This second understanding seeks to look at Gods principle behind OT Laws and

then apply that principle in todays context.

For example:

- LAW:When you build a new house, you must build a railing around the edge

of its flat roof. That way you will not be considered guilty of murder if

someone falls from the roof (Deuteronomy 22:8).

TEN COMMANDMENTS1. You must not have any othergod but me.

2. You must not make for yourselfan idol of any kind; you must notbow down to them or worshipthem.

3. You must not misuse the nameof the Lord your God.

4. Remember to observe the

Sabbath day by keeping it holy.

5. Honor your father and mother.

6. You must not murder.

7. You must not commit adultery.

8. You must not steal.

9. You must not testify falselyagainst your neighbor.

10. You must not covet.



- PRINCIPLE: Your possessions should not hold potential harm for others.

- TODAY: Dont drive your car with bad brakes.

(c) Albrecht Alts understanding

1. Case laws (casualties)If a person, then

2. Categorical laws (apodictic)You shall not

This third understanding came about as an attempt to discover the origin of Old Testament Law in its relation to other

cultures of the time.

Although many scholars pursue this course of study, it is enough to say, the Lord spoke to Moses18 chapters in

Leviticus begin this way!

God revealed the Law to Moses. It contains Gods will for living. The goal of the Law is to define sin (and thus holiness) and

create a model for the people of God to follow.

[holiness]

1. In its most basic understanding, holiness means to be set apartseparated from sin

and united with God.

2. Holiness is the essenceof Gods character. God is holy; no one can see Gods face

that is, behold all of Gods glory and love (see Exodus 33:19-20 and John 1:18).

3. Holiness is the oppositeof sin and cannot tolerate the presence of sin. This is the problem

we have if we want a relationship with God. That is why God calls us to be holy as he is holy,

and thats the only way we can enjoy Gods presence.

4. The Law outlines the path to holiness. Follow the law completely and youd be a completely

holy person.

- It is impossible for a person to become holy and remain holythat is where sacrifices enter the picture.

HOLY GODHe [David] led them to Baalahof Judah to bring back the Ark ofGod, which bears the name of theLord of Heavens Armies, who is

enthroned between the cherubim.They placed the Ark of God ona new cart and brought it from

Abinadabs house, which was on ahill. Uzzah and Ahio, Abinadabs

sons, were guiding the cart as itleft the house, carrying the Ark ofGod. Ahio walked in front of the

Ark. David and all the people ofIsrael were celebrating before theLord, singing songs and playing allkinds of musical instrumentslyres,harps, tambourines, castanets, andcymbals. But when they arrived atthe threshing floor of Nacon, the

oxen stumbled, and Uzzah reachedout his hand and steadied the Arkof God. Then the Lords anger wasaroused against Uzzah, and God

struck him dead because of this. SoUzzah died right there beside the

Ark of God (2 Samuel 6:2-7).



[the five major offerings]2

The book of Leviticus opens with a description of the five major sacrifices an Israelite could offer (see Leviticus 17).

SACRIFICE ELEMENTS PURPOSE

burnt offering a bull, ram, or male bird; totally burned;

must be without defect

voluntary act of worship; atonement for

unintentional sin in general; expression

of devotion, commitment, and complete

surrender to God

grain offering grain, fine flour, olive oil, incense, baked

bread, salt; no yeast or honey; usually

went along with grain or thanks offering

voluntary act of worship; recognition of

Gods goodness and provisions; devotion

to God

thanks offering any animal without defect from herd or

flock; a variety of breads

voluntary act of worship; thanksgiving

and fellowship; included a communal meal

sin offering the high priest and congregation

sacrificed a young bull; a

leader of Israel sacrificed a male goat; a

common person sacrificed a female goat

or lamb; a poor person sacrificed a dove

or pigeon; a very poor person sacrificed

fine flour

mandatory atonement for specific

unintentional sin; confession of sin;

forgiveness of sin; cleansing from

defilement

guilt offering a ram or lamb mandatory atonement for unintentional

sin requiring restitution; cleansing from

defilement; make restitution; pay fine of

20 percent

[atonement]

1. For a person to be made right with God, atonement (or payment) for his or her sins must be made.

2. Blood must be spilleda life takento make this happen. This is not some harsh and vindictive rule; its a necessary

consequenceof sin.

3. Sin is a serious thing; it holds deadly consequences. Gods grace is not cheap; it costs life (Leviticus 17:11).

4. The offerings of the OT, found in Leviticus, were a shadow of the things to come in Jesus. His sacrifice was final, perfect, and

eternal(see Hebrews 10).



Each day you must sacrifice a young bull as a sin offering to purify them, making them right with the Lord. Afterward,

cleanse the altar by purifying it; make it holy by anointing it with oil (Exodus 29:36).

This is a permanent law for you, to purify the people of Israel from their sins, making them right with the Lord once each

year (Leviticus 16:34).

- Atonement sacrifices were offered several times a day, extra offerings were done on holy days, and all of these are in

addition to personal offerings.

The old system under the law of Moses was only a shadow, a dim preview of the good things to come, not the good things

themselves. The sacrifices under that system were repeated again and again, year after year, but they were never able

to provide perfect cleansing for those who came to worship. If they could have provided perfect cleansing, the sacrifices

would have stopped, for the worshipers would have been purified once for all time, and their feelings of guilt would have

disappeared. But instead, those sacrifices actually reminded them of their sins year after year. For it is not possible for the

blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. For Gods will was for us to be made holy by the sacrifice of the body of Jesus

Christ, once for all time. And since we have a great High Priest who rules over Gods house, let us go right into the presence

of God with sincere hearts fully trusting him. For our guilty consciences have been sprinkled with Christs blood to make us

clean, and our bodies have been washed with pure water (Hebrews 10:1-14, 10, 21-22).



APPENDIX A:

Major OT Passages

A suggested reading list to get you started in your journey into the Old Testament.

Genesis

13 Creation, fall of man

68 Flood

12 Call of Abraham

1617 Gods covenant with Abraham

Exodus

12 Oppression of Israelites; birth of Moses

3 Moses meets God

1112 Passover and Exodus

1920 Israel receives Law at Mount Sinai

24 Covenant confirmed by people

26 Making of the Tabernacle

3233 Israel rebels

40 Setting up the Tabernacle

Leviticus

17 Five major offerings

1617 Day of Atonement

26 Consequences for action (see also Deuteronomy 28)

Numbers

6 Nazarite vow

9 Passover celebration

13 Spies inspect the Promised Land

14 Rebellion of Israel

Deuteronomy

13 Historical recap

5 Ten Commandments

6 Loving God

12 One place of worship

17 Instructions for kings (vs. 14-20)

18 The prophet

26 First fruits and tithes to the Lord

30 Offer of life

34 Death of Moses



APPENDIX B:

Israels Travels

Map of Egypt, Sinai, and Israel3



APPENDIX C:

Charts

The Tribes of Israel

Abraham

Ishmael

Isaac

Esau

Jacob*

Ruben

Simeon

Levi**

Judah

Issachar

Zebulun

Gad

Asher

Dan

Naphtali

Joseph***

Benjamin

(Wives of

Jacob)

Leah

Zilpah

Bilhah

Rachel

Ephraim

Manasseh

*Jacobs name was changed to Israel by God in Genesis 32.

**Levis tribe is not included in the 12 tribes of Israel because they belonged to the Lord; this entire family became priests who

served God.

***Joseph became the father of two tribes because Jacob adopted Ephraim and Manasseh (Genesis 48).



The Tabernacle

1. Courtyard Curtain (75 x 150)

2. Entrance (always faced east)

3. Bronze Basin

4. Bronze Altar

5. The Tent of Meeting (15 x 35)

6. Entrance to the Tent of Meeting

7. Holy Place (15 X 30)

8. Golden table for bread

9. Golden lampstand

10. Altar of incense

11. The Curtain

12. Most Holy Place (Holy of Holies) (15 X 15)

13. Ark of the Covenant

(for more detail, read Exodus 2528)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

91011

12 13



Major OT Theological Themes

THEME ELECTION PROMISE COVENANT HOLINESS REDEMPTION

In other

words...choice pledge relational obligations set apart salvation

For IsraelAbraham chosen by

God

land;

be blessed;

be a blessing;become a nation

the Law moral and ritual the exodus

Our response humility faith obey pursue repent

Key verse

The Lord had said to

Abram

(Genesis 12:1).

So the promise is

received by faith.

It is given as a free

gift. And we are all

certain to receive it,

whether or not we live

according to the law

of Moses, if we have

faith like Abrahams.

For Abraham is the

father of all who

believe

(Romans 4:16).

And you will live in

Israel, the land I gave

your ancestors long

ago. You will be my

people, and I will be

your God

(Ezekiel 36:28).

For I, the Lord, am

the one who brought

you up from the

land of Egypt, that I

might be your God.

Therefore, you must

be holy because I am

holy

(Leviticus 11:45).

And in the future,

your children will

ask you, What does

all this mean? Then

you will tell them,

With the power of

his mighty hand, the

Lord brought us out

of Egypt, the place of

our slavery

(Exodus 13:14).


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STUDY TWO ENDNOTES

1. See page 660 in Ronald B. Allens commentary on Numbers in The Expositors Bible Commentary, Volume 2, Frank E. Gaebelein,

General Editor.

2. This material has been adapted from the NIV Study Bible, page 149.

3. Thomas Nelson, Inc. 1963.

Documents

Lesson 2 - The Pentateuch Part 1_with Fill-Ins