Pentateuch Class 1 - Jono

7/28/2019 Pentateuch Class 1 - Jono

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The Five Books o f Moses

© John Stevenson, 2012



Course Objectives• Gain an appreciation for the books of the

Pentateuch and their relevance both to the restof the Old Testament message as well as to

Christian ministry today.

• Exhibit an understanding of the flow of thought

and major turning points in the books thatmake up the Pentateuch.

• Demonstrate a familiarity with the historical,

cultural, and theological background of thePentateuch.

• Gain an understanding of the key themes

introduced in the Pentateuch and how they

relate to the rest of the Biblical message.



Course Objectives• Identify geographical locations

– Designate geographical & political entities

• Trace the flow of Biblical history

• Biblical Cosmology

• Appreciate Jesus more• Patriarchal system

• Assess apodictic law

• Gain an appreciation of linguistic studies fromarchaeological discoveries – that will help us

appreciate & enjoy the Bible more!



Papyrus



Parchment



Ostraca: Clay



Clay tablets





TorahHebrew: “Law,

Instruction”

PentateuchGreek: “Five-Part

Book”



Mosaic Authorship of Genesis

• Moses was qualified to write the

book of Genesis.

• The Style of Genesis reflects an

Egyptian influence.

• The unity of the book of Genesis

reflects a single author.











Mesopotamia

Egypt

Hatti



Mesopotamia

Egypt

Hatti

LandBridge

DESERT



Canaan

Hittites

Assyria

Egypt

Babylon



• Central MountainRange

• The Coastal Plain

• Jordan Rift Valley



• Central MountainRange

• The Coastal Plain

• Jordan Rift Valley



• The Valley of

Jezreel • The Yarmuk River

Gilead





• The Valley of

Jezreel • The Yarmuk River • The Jabbok River

Gilead





• The Valley of

Jezreel • The Yarmuk River • The Jabbok River

Gilead

• The Arnon River

Moab





• The King’s

Highway

• The Way of the Sea (the

Way of the

Philistines)

Jericho

Megiddo



Climate of Canaan

• Mediterranean Climate

• Dependent upon winter rains –Early Rains: October

–Later Rains: April



What are the Overarching

themes of the Pentateuch?



Book of Genesis

• Gives us the prologue - setting for the

Pentateuch

• without Genesis we wouldn’t

understand why God cares for these

people.



3 major journeys from

– Egypt to Sinai

– Sinai to Kadesh

– Kadesh – Moab



E-S-K-M (eskimo‟s)• Egypt – Sinai- Kadesh Barnea – plains of Moab

• Law giving at SINAI – KADESH – PLAINS

MOAB.

• SINAI – Leviticus/ numbers 13 to 20

• Kadesh – they try to enter the land but fail. – God judges them and then reveals himself in LAWS –

– Num. 15 – When you enter the land I‟m giving you- shows god‟s

faithfulness.

• Plains of Moab: – Israelites dying in the wilderness – from Kadesh to Moab

– In the plains of Moab – they have a new generation...

T th i i f G d‟



NumbersRelates the wilderness

wanderings

Deuteronomy

Gives the Law to a new

generation with special

emphasis to those entering the

land

GenesisTraces the origins of God‟s

people from creation to Egypt

ExodusRelates God‟s deliverance of Israel from Egypt and

establishing His covenant

Leviticus Sets forth the Laws of worship



Pentateuch

• partial fulfilment of the covenantal promise

(blessing of the patriarchs )

1.Posterity – descendants – Dominant Genesis 12-50

2.Divine-human relationship –

– Dominant in Exodus and Leviticus3.Land –

– dominant in Numbers and Deuteronomy



What is the Big Idea of theentire Pentateuch?

What is the Big Idea of theentire Old Testament?

Ti l f h B k f



Title for the Book of

GENESIS

• The Hebrew Title: tyviareB. (BeReshyth);

“In the Beginning”

• Greek Title: GenesiV - “Beginnings”



“These are the generations…”

• Hebrew: tAdl.At hL,ae - Elleh toledoth

• Ten sets

• History of account follows: “Theseare the things that followed…”

Adam

Abraham

Israel

Genesis 2:4 – 11:26 Genesis 11:27 – 50:26

5 Toledoth from

Adam to Abraham

5 Toledoth from

Abraham to Israel



Toledot

• generations, history, genealogy• means THIS IS WHAT BECAME OF THE

OWNER OF THE TOLEDOT .

– Toledot of Terah – terah‟s son Abraham...what became of the Toledot of Terah.

– Toledot of Jacob is more about Joseph

– Toledot of Esau- follows the story of the

edomites...



There is an ALTERNATION

Between the

– Narrative – genealogy

– Narrative – genealogy

– Narrative - Genealogy



2 P t i h l Hi t



2. Patriarchal History• Narrative: Major Patriarch #6 Toledot of Terah

(the Abraham Narrative) (11:27- 25;11)• Genealogy: Minor Figure #7 Toledot of Ishmael

(25:12-18)

• Narrative Major Patriarch: #8 Toledot of Isaac –

Isaac- Jacob Cycle (25:19 - 35:29)

• Genealogy: Minor Patriarchal Figure (Oldest Son)

: #9 Toledot of Esau (36: 1 – 43)

• Narrative: Major Patriarch: #10 Toledot of Jacob – Jacob – Joseph Cycle (37:2 – 50:26)





Readers Today

Moses Israelites

Bible



CREATION

• It‟s Context is the ancient Near EasternCosmologies (ANE cosmologies)

• Who is it written for?:

– Not written for us re: science – Moses - got time to write in Sinai and Kadesh

– Who lives in the land of canaan

• Mono substance:

– Everything, matter and material as well as

spirit was all from ONE substance.



Important!!

• Moses GOES OUT OF ITS WAY TO

DISTINGUISH GOD FROM CREATION

• Even the Spirit of God is not part of the creation

– He is not part or in the waters

• THEOGENIES –

– Sun = Shemesh

– Moon = Yarich

E l



Example:

Babylonian Creation Account• Enuma Elish

• Seven Tablets

• World begins in

chaos

• Marduk fights

Tiamat

• Heavens and

earth created

from her body

E Eli h G i A t



Ennuma Elish

Tiamat engulfs world

in a primal chaos.

Genesis Account

The world was

unformed and unfilled.Light comes from the

gods.

God brings light into

existence.

Marduk makes thestars of the zodiac and

ordains the year.

God sets sun andmoon for signs,

seasons, days, and

years.Marduk makes man

from the blood of

Kingu.

God creates man in

His own image and

likeness.



Moses is giving to us a refutation of the

accepted mythos that was held in

antiquity as he goes point by point toshow that God is the true Creator of

heaven and earth.

Ennuma Elish Genesis Account



Genesis 1:1

In the beginning God created theheavens and the earth.

Elohim



Genesis 1:1

In the beginning God created theheavens and the earth.

bara

• An initial act of creation.

• A summary statement of the entire

chapter.



Theories of Creation

• Supernatural versus Evolutionary.

• A Superficial Appearance of History.

• The Gap Theory.



Genesis 1:2

And the earth was formless and void,and darkness was over the surface of thedeep, and the Spirit of God was movingover the surface of the waters.

6 Days of

Re-creation

Original

Creation

Formless

& Void



The verb hayeta inGenesis 1:2 can be

translated “became” sothat we could read that

“the earth became without form and void.”

The normal renderingof hayeta is “was” and

indicates a state of being.

Support Objections

Tohu wabohu (“formless and void”)

are a destructionwhich took place after God‟s original creation

(Jer. 4:23, Isa. 34:11).

Tohu wabohu (“formless and void”)

can just as easilydescribe an

unconstructed state.



Isaiah 45:18 says thatGod did not create the

earth void (tohu) while

Genesis 1:2 says that

the earth was now

void. It is reasoned

that the earth must

have come to be inthis manner after its

original creation.

Isaiah 45:18 simplytells us that God‟s

intention for the earthin its completed form

was that it would notbe tohu, but rather thatit might be inhabited.The prophet is simply

stating the purpose of creation.

Support Objections



The darkness whichcharacterized the

formless and void

condition is indicative

of evil.

Darkness does notalways indicate evil.

Both light anddarkness existed upon

the finished earth andit was still said to be

good.

Support Objections






• The Gap Theory.

• The Day/Age Theory.



The word “day” –”yom”is sometimes used in

the Scriptures to

describe a period of

time longer than a 24

hour period (“the day

of the Lord”).

The word “day” doesnot normally refer to

an extended period of time when it appears

with a modifier (1stday, 2nd day, etc).

Support Objections

2 Peter 3:8 states that

with the Lord one day

is as a thousand

years.

These days are clearly

defined in Genesis 1:5when God calls the

light day and the

darkness night.



The sun and the moonare not created until

the 4th day. This

indicates that the

previous days are not

literal.

The very purpose of the sun was to rule

over the day while themoon was to rule over

the night.

Support Objections






• The Gap Theory.


• Chaos theory

G i 1 2



Genesis 1:2

And the earth was formless and void,and darkness was over the surface of thedeep, and the Spirit of God was movingover the surface of the waters.

6 + 1 – pattern

3 + 3 +1 pattern



Unformed Unfilled

Day 1: Light Day 4: Light-bearers(sun, moon, stars)

Day 2: Water & sky

divided

Day 5: Fish & birds to

fill water & sky

Day 3: Dry land &

vegetation

Day 6: Land animals

& man

Day 7: Sabbath Rest






• The Gap Theory.


• Chaos theory

• Literal interpretation





And God saw that the

light was good ; and

God separated the

light from the

darkness. 5 And God

called the light day,and the darkness He

called night. And there

was evening and therewas morning, one day.

(Genesis 1:4-5).



Textual Formula in Genesis 1

• God‟s creative statement: And God said...

• The fiat: “Let there be...”

• The creative act: And there was light...

• A declaration that the creation was good:

God saw that it was good .

• The time limits of that creative period: And

there was evening and there was

morning...

• The numerical listing of that day: One day.



GOODNESS

• It‟s repeated SEVEN times?

• WHY?



The Sabbath

• Given as a memorial to the work of God in

creation.

• Served as a memorial of God‟s redemption.

“You shall remember that you were a slavein the land of Egypt, and the LORD your

God brought you out of there by a mighty

hand and by an outstretched arm; thereforethe LORD your God commanded you to

observe the Sabbath day.” (Deuteronomy

5:15)



The Sabbath

• Given as a memorial to the work of God in

creation.

• Served as a memorial of God‟s redemption.

• The Sabbath was designed to be a shadow

of things to come and not as an end unto

itself.



Therefore let no one act as your judge in

regard to food or drink or in respect to a

festival or a new moon or a Sabbath day--

17 things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to

Christ. (Colossians 2:16-17).

Genesis 1:26 27



Genesis 1:26-27The God said, “Let Us make man

in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish

of the sea and over the birds of the sky

and over the cattle and over all the

earth, and over every creeping thingthat creeps on the earth.”

And God created man in His own

image, in the image of God He createdhim; male and female He created

them. (Genesis 1:26-27).



C t d Ki d C t d Ki



Created Kingdoms Created Kings

Day 1: Light &Darkness Day 4: Light-bearersto rule day & night

Day 2: Division of

waters into sky &sea

Day 5: Birds to rule

the sky and fish torule the sea

Day 3: Dry land &

vegetation

Day 6: Land animals

& man as ruler

Creator King

Day 7: The King takes His Rest



Why are there two creationaccounts?

Clue: what are the major differences?



CAIN’S DESCENT INTO SIN (4 1 4 24)



CAIN’S DESCENT INTO SIN: (4:1 4:24)

• Impiety

• Ander without just cause• Jealousy

• Deception

• Murder

• Falsehood

• Self-seeking. Self pity

• Secular

• Polygamy• Wanton violent destruction of human life

• Complete independence from God

• Climax (Moral Nadir)

G i 2 1 3



Genesis 2:1-3

Thus the heavens and the earthwere completed, and all their hosts.

2 By the seventh day God completed

His work which He had done, and

He rested on the seventh day from

all His work which He had done.

3 Then God blessed the seventh day

and sanctified it, because in it Herested from all His work which God

had created and made.

Genesis 2 4



Genesis 2:4

This is the account of theheavens and the earth when they

were created, in the day that the

LORD God made earth and heaven.

~yhil{a/

hw"hy>

(Yahweh Elohim)

Genesis 2:5



Genesis 2:5

Now no shrub of the field wasyet in the earth, and no plant of the

field had yet sprouted, for the LORD

God had not sent rain upon the

earth; and there was no man to

cultivate the ground.

Genesis 2:5



Genesis 2:5

Now no shrub of the field wasyet in the earth, and no plant of the

field had yet sprouted, for the LORD

God had not sent rain upon the

earth; and there was no man to

cultivate the ground.

• No rain (corrected in verse 6).

• No man (corrected in verse 7).

Genesis 2:6



Genesis 2:6

But a mist used to rise from theearth and water the whole surface of

the ground.

Genesis 2:7



Genesis 2:7

Then the LORD God formedman of dust from the ground, and

breathed into his nostrils the breath

of life; and man became a living

being.

hm'd'a] Adamah

~d'a'

Adam

Genesis 2:7



Genesis 2:7

Then the LORD God formedman of dust from the ground, and

breathed into his nostrils the breath

of life; and man became a living

being.

Literally: “breath of lives”

Genesis 2:8



Genesis 2:8

The LORD God planted agarden toward the east, in Eden; and

there He placed the man whom He

had formed.

The word edenu in Akkadian means “garden”

or “paradise.”

Creation complete: Heavens & earth created;

G d fi i h d Hi k (1 3)



God finished His work (1-3)

Man created: Formed from dust (4-9)

Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14)

Genesis 2:9



Genesis 2:9

Out of the ground the LORDGod caused to grow every tree that

is pleasing to the sight and good for

food; the tree of life also in the midst

of the garden, and the tree of the

knowledge of good and evil.

Now a river flowed out of Eden to water



Now a river flowed out of Eden to water

the garden; and from there it divided and

became four rivers (Genesis 2:10).

• Pishon (around the whole

land of Havilah)

• Gihon (around the whole

land of Cush)

• Tigris (east of Assyria)

• Euphrates





There is a river whose streams

make glad the city of God,The holy dwelling places of the

Most High. (Psalm 46:4).

And the LORD God commanded the man



And the LORD God commanded the man,

saying, "From any tree of the garden you may eat

freely; 17 but from the tree of the knowledge of good

and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat

from it you shall surely die.“ (Genesis 2:16-17)


God finished His ork (1 3)






Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the

garden (15)

Forbidden fruit (16-17)

Genesis 2:18



Genesis 2:18

Then the LORD God said, “It isnot good for the man to be alone; I

will make him a helper suitable for

him.”



Verse 18

It is not goodthat man

should be

alone

Verses 19-20 Verses 21-22

The need for

a companion

for the man

Creation andnaming of the

animals

The

inadequacy of

the animals for this

companionship

Creation of thewoman

The providing

of the woman

as a companionfor the man


God finished His work (1 3)






Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the

garden (15)

Forbidden fruit (16-17)

Man in need of a helper: not good to be alone

(18)

Animals in garden are given names (19-20)Woman created: Formed from rib (21-24)

Creation complete: Man & woman naked &

unashamed in presence of God (25)



Events leading

up to the fall

Genesis 3:1-6

• Serpentintroduced

• Temptation

• Sin

Genesis 3:7-24

Results of the

fall

• God‟s pointedquestioning

• Curse of sin

• Coats of skin• Banishment

from the garden

Genesis 3:1



Genesis 3:1

Now the serpent was morecrafty than any beast of the field

which the LORD God had made.

And he said to the woman,“Indeed, has God said, „You shall

not eat from any tree of the

garden‟?”

Genesis 3:2 3



Genesis 3:2-3

The woman said to theserpent, “From the fruit of the

trees of the garden we may eat; 3

but from the fruit of the tree whichis in the middle of the garden, God

has said, „You shall not eat from it

or touch it, or you will die.‟”

Genesis 3:4-5



Genesis 3:4-5

The serpent said to thewoman, “You surely will not die! 5

For God knows that in the day you

eat from it your eyes will beopened, and you will be like God,

knowing good and evil.”

Genesis 3:6



Genesis 3:6

When the woman saw thatthe tree was good for food, and

that it was a delight to the eyes,

and that the tree was desirable tomake one wise, she took from its

fruit and ate; and she gave also to

her husband with her, and he ate.

Genesis 3:7



Genesis 3:7

Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew

that they were naked; and they

sewed fig leaves together andmade themselves loin coverings.

Genesis 3:8



Genesis 3:8

They heard the sound of theLORD God walking in the garden

in the cool of the day, and the

man and his wife hid themselvesfrom the presence of the LORD

God among the trees of the

garden.

Genesis 3:9



Genesis 3:9

Then the LORD God calledto the man, and said to him,

“Where are you?”

Genesis 3:10-12



Genesis 3:10 12

He said, “I heard the soundof You in the garden, and I wasafraid because I was naked; so Ihid myself.” 11 And He said, “Who

told you that you were naked?Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not toeat?” 12 The man said, “The woman whom You gave to be withme, she gave me from the tree,and I ate.”

Genesis 3:13



Genesis 3:13

Then the LORD God said tothe woman, “What is this you have

done?” And the woman said, “The

serpent deceived me, and I ate.”

Theman Thewoman TheserpentBlames Blames

Genesis 3:14



Genesis 3:14

The LORD God said to theserpent, “Because you have done

this, Cursed are you more than all

cattle, And more than every beastof the field; On your belly you will

go, And dust you will eat All the

days of your life…”

Genesis 3:15



Genesis 3:15

“And I will put enmityBetween you and the woman,

And between your seed and her

seed;He shall bruise you on the head,

And you shall bruise him on the

heel.”

Seed of the WomanSeed of the Serpent



Satan Jesus Christ

His head bruisedon the cross

(A fatal wound)

His heel bruisedon the cross

(Humanity)




Satan Jesus Christ

His head bruisedon the cross His heel bruisedon the cross




Abel & SethCain

Lamech

Enoch

Noah

ShemHam

AbrahamCanaan




Ishmael Isaac

Abraham

JacobEsau

Whose Seed

are You?

Genesis 3:16



Genesis 3:16

To the woman He said,“I will greatly multiply your pain in

childbirth,

In pain you will bring forthchildren;

Yet your desire will be for your

husband,

And he will rule over you.”

Genesis 3:16



Genesis 3:16

To the woman He said,“I will greatly multiply your pain in

childbirth,

In pain you will bring forthchildren;

Yet your desire will be for your

husband,

And he will rule over you.”

Genesis 3:17



Genesis 3:17

Then to Adam He said,“Because you have listened to the

voice of your wife, and have eaten

from the tree about which Icommanded you, saying, 'You

shall not eat from it';

Cursed is the ground because of

you;In toil you will eat of it All the days

of your life….”

Genesis 3:18-19



Genesis 3:18 19

“Both thorns and thistles it shallgrow for you;

And you will eat the plants of the

field;19 By the sweat of your face You

will eat bread,

Till you return to the ground,

Because from it you were taken;For you are dust,

And to dust you shall return.”

Genesis 3:18-19



Genesis 3:18 19

“Both thorns and thistles it shallgrow for you;

And you will eat the plants of the

field;19 By the sweat of your face You

will eat bread,

Till you return to the ground,

Because from it you were taken;For you are dust,

And to dust you shall return.”

Examples of Retributive Irony



p y

More crafty than

any beast of thefield...

The

Serpent

...is now made

lower than all of theother animals.

Bruises Christ on

the heel...

Satan ...is bruised on the

head.

Desires to rule

her husband...

The

Woman

...finds that he shall

rule over her.

Made of dustwho would rise to

be like God...

Man ...is returned todust again.

Warren Gage





For the creation was subjected to futility,

not of its own will, but because of Him whosubjected it, in hope 21 that the creation

itself also will be set free from its slavery to

corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the

whole creation groans and suffers the

pains of childbirth together until now.(Romans 8:20-21).

Genesis 3:20



Genesis 3:20

Now the man called hiswife‟s name Eve, because she

was the mother of all the living.



Examples of Redemptive Irony

Who was

tempted to sin...

The

woman

...becomes the

mother of all

living.

Will die on a

cross...

The God-

man

...to bring life to

many.

Genesis 3:21



The LORD God madegarments of skin for Adam and his

wife, and clothed them.

• Taken by the shedding of blood

• Innocent substitutes

• Replaced fig leave of human righteousness

Genesis 3:22-23



Then the LORD God said,“Behold, the man has become like

one of Us, knowing good and evil;

and now, he might stretch out his

hand, and take also from the tree

of life, and eat, and live forever” --

23 therefore the LORD God sent

him out from the garden of Eden,to cultivate the ground from which

he was taken.

Genesis 3:24



So He drove the man out;and at the east of the garden of

Eden He stationed the cherubim

and the flaming sword which

turned every direction to guard the

way to the tree of life.



Adam

He has been

banished from

the garden.

The People of Israel

They have departed from

the “garden of Egypt” and

are now in the Sinai

Wilderness.

Adam leaves the

garden by the

eastern route.

The Israelites also leave

Egypt by the eastern

route.

Water



Flaming Altar



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Pentateuch Class 1 - Jono