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Lecture 7
The Bauhaus and the 20th-Century Modern Movement
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Rudolf Petersdorff Department Store, Breslau, 1927/28
Night view of another Schocken Department Store by Mendelson
–note the effects of his ‘Lichtarchitektur’ (light architecture)
and the purposely achieved transparency of the floor-to-ceiling
shop
windows on the ground floor
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Piet Mondrian, Dutch Modernist painter, 1872-1944An important
contributor to 20th-century abstract painting and the Dutch De
Stijl
movement. His journey from realism to Impressionism to
abstraction represents a major moment in the evolution of
20th-century artistic expression in painting. Contemporary
Photograph, “Live Oak” – very similar to Mondrian’s early
hyper-realist graphite sketches of trees and views of the forest
executed in the 1890s
Piet Mondrian, Red Trees, 1908
Piet Mondrian (Dutch), Study of Trees, 1913
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Piet Mondrian, The Red Tree, 1910
Piet Mondrian, The Red Tree, 1910, detail
Piet Mondrian, The Grey Tree, 1911
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Piet Mondrian, Trees, 1912
Piet Mondrian, Flowering Tree, 1912
Piet Mondrian, Line and Color, 1915
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Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1915
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1915
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1921
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Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1943
Theo van Doesburg, Project for the “Cinema Dance Hall,”
perspective view, Strasbourg, France, 1928
Theo van Doesburg, Cinema Dance Hall, Strasbourg, France,
1928
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Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht (Holland), 1924,
exterior view
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, ground floor
plan
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Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, second floor
plan (note retractable partitions)
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House,
Utrecht, 1924, interior perspective
view
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, interior
view
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Gerritt Rietveld, table and chair, 1924
Mondrian composition, Rietveld Chair, Schroeder House interior
perspective view
Walter Gropius in Weimar, Dessau, and at Harvard (1919; 1926;
1960)
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LyonelFeininger, (Church at)
Gelmeroda XII
Paul Klee, Small squares and pine tree, approximately 1922
Wassily Kandinsky, Fairy Tale, 1905, and Untitled, 1930
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Johannes Itten, Swiss painter and devotee of
religious mysticism as a
basis for individual
liberation and creativity,
shown here with his color wheel
for teaching color theory
Johannes Itten design used as a watch face, MondaineCompany,
Switzerland, 2000
A woodcut of a cathedral, by LyonelFeininger, illustrated
the four page Bauhaus Manifesto.
Beams of light converging upon the
cathedral’s three spires representing
the three arts; architecture, sculpture
and painting
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Walter Gropius, diagram of Bauhaus curriculum, 1919, from
“outside” to “inside” the circle, or from “introductory
course” to mastery of a craft, to art, to architecture
Walter Gropius, diagram of Bauhaus curriculum, 1919, from
“outside” to “inside” the circle, or from “introductory course”
to
mastery of a craft, to art, to architecture
Josef Albers, student work for the Bauhaus introductory course,
watercolor on paper, 1922
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"In visual perception, a color is almost never seen as it really
is- as
it physically is. This fact makes color the most relative medium
in
art."- Josef Albers
Top center, Annie Albers, Bauhaus carpet design, 1923
Anni Albers, wall hanging from Bauhaus weaving workshop, 1923;
Josef Albers, set of nesting tables,
Bauhaus wood workshops, 1926
Joost Schmidt, Bauhaus student, design of a chess set in which
the design of each piece contains information about
its movement according to the rules of the game; birch, ebony,
executed in Bauhaus workshop (1923)
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Wilhelm Wagenfeld, Bauhaus lamp from metal w orkshop, Dessau,
1928;Marianne Brandt, Tea-extract pot, 1924, Brass, silver,
ebony
Gropius, design for a door handle, 1923; Mies van der Rohe,
cantilevered chair using
metal tubing, 1928
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Forms in
Space, 1924
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Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Light-Space Modulator, 1922-1930
Walter Gropius, shown with his
design (with Adolf Meyer), Competition
Design for the Chicago Tribune
Tower, 1922
Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, 1922 Competition Design for
the
Chicago Tribune Tower (below, the winning design by John Mead
Howells
and Raymond Mead and Hood , as completed in 1925)
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Burnham, Flatiron building, 1902 and Lebrun, Met Life Tower,
1909
Walter Gropius, Bauhaus building, Dessau, Germany, 1926, aerial
view visit:
http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/en/history.asp?p=bauhaus
Below: Walter Gropius, Bauhaus building, Dessau, Germany, aerial
view today. Visit:
http://www.bauhausdessau.de/en/history.asp?p=bauhaus
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Dessau-Bauhaus school, designed by Gropius, 1926
1924-25 Bauhaus Building, Dessau
Gropius, Bauhaus building plan, Dessau, 1925-26
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3-D computer model from year 2000 showing Bauhaus building and
itsdistribution of functions (Prellerhaus = student dormitory
tower)
Gropius’s Bauhaus plan (1926) compared to Palladio’s Villa
Rotunda in Vicenza, Italy (1550)
Gropius: Bauhaus Master's House (top: Gropius house; bottom:
house for Lyonel Feininger), Dessau, 1926
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Walter Gropius, Tortenhousing estate, Dessau,
1926-30
Josef Albers, Example of Bauhaus typography, 1925
Hannes Meyer, Project for the League fo Nations competition,
1927, Geneva, axonometric view
Marianne Brandt, table lamp, 1929, fulfilling dictum that
form = function x economy
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Iwao Yamawaki, “Attack on the
Bauhaus,” collage, 1932
Walter Gropius, Gropius house, Lincoln, Mass., 1938
Walter Gropius/The Architects Collaborative, Harkness Commons
and Graduate Center, Harvard University, 1950
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Max Bill, Hochschule fuer Gestaltung (Academy of Design), Ulm,
1956; student-designed “living pod,” 1965; a radio for Braun Co. by
Dieter Rams, 1958; Tomas Maldonado, Lufthansa corporate image
design
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Hans M. Wingler (left) and Walter
Gropius (right) -Opening
ceremony of the Bauhaus Archive in Darmstadt,
1961
The bauhaus-shop offers a panorama of design from Bauhaus to
Contemporary. The range
includes "icons" of design such as the Bauhaus lamp or vases by
Alvar Aalto,
but also anonymous
items of industrial design.
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