Lecture 1 - An Overview of Computers

8/11/2019 Lecture 1 - An Overview of Computers

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TMX 1010 End-User Computing

Sem 1 Session 2008/2009

Lecture 1:An Overview of Computers


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Lecture 1 Objectives

Recognize the importance of

computer literacy

Define the term, computer

Identify the components

of a computer

Discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of using computers

Recognize the purpose of a network

Discuss the uses of the Internet andWorld Wide Web

Distinguish between system softwareand application software

Describe the categories of computers

Identify the elements ofan information system

Describe the various typesof computer users

Discuss various computerapplications in society

Next


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A World of Computers

What is computer literacy(digital literacy)?

p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 Next

Current knowledge and understanding

of computers and their uses

Computers are everywhere


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How is a computerdefined?

What Is a Computer?

p. 6

Produces and stores results

Next

Electronic device operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data intoinformation

Data that is organized,meaningful, and useful

Acceptsdata

Raw facts, figures,and symbols


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What Is a Computer?

What is the informationprocessing cycle?

p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next

Input

Process

Output

Storage

Communication


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The Components of a Computer

What is an input

device?

p. 7 Fig. 1-3

Hardwareused

to enter data

and instructions

Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Input Devicesbelow Chapter 1
http://www.scsite.com/dc2009cp/ch1/weblink/


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What is an output device?

p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3

Hardware that

conveys

information

to one or more

people

Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Output Devicesbelow Chapter 1


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What is the system unit?

p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3 Next

Case that contains

the electronic

components of the

computer that are

used to process data


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What are two main components on the motherboard?

p. 8

Processor

Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The electronic component that interprets and carriesout the basic instructions that operate the computer

Next

Memory

Consists of electronic components that store

instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by

those instructions


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What is storage?

p. 8

Storage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions,

and information are stored

Storage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from

storage media

Next

Holds data, instructions, and information

for future use


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What isstorage media?

p. 8

Digital

cameras

Handheld

computers

Portable, thin

memory cards

used in:

Next


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What is a floppy disk?

p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next

Thin, circular,

flexible disk

enclosed in rigid

plastic shell

A USB flash drive is

portable, and has

much greater

storage capacity


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What is a USBflash drive?

p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next

Portable storage device

Provides much greater storage

capacity than a floppy disk or

Zipdisk Small and lightweight enough

to be transported on a keychain

or in a pocket

Storage capacities up to 64 GB


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What is a hard disk?

p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next

Provides greater storage

capacity than a

USB flash drive

Most are housed inside

the system unit


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What areexternal hard disksandremovable hard disks?

p. 363 Fig. 7-14 Next

External hard diskfreestanding

hard disk that connects to system unit

Removable hard diskhard disk

that you insert and remove

from hard disk drive

Used to back up or transfer files


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What is a compact disc?

p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next

Flat, round, portable metal disc

i. CD

CD-ROM

CD-RW

ii. DVD

DVD-ROM

DVD+RW


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What is a communications device?

Nextp. 9

Hardware component that

enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions,and information

Occurs over cables, telephone

lines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other

transmission mediaClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click CommunicationsDevices below Chapter 1

Ad t d Di d t


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Storage Communications

Advantages and Disadvantagesof Using Computers

p. 10

What are the advantagesof using computers?

Speed Reliability

Next

Consistency

Ad nt nd Di d nt


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Impact on

Labor Force

Advantages and Disadvantagesof Using Computers

p. 10 - 11

What are the disadvantagesof using computers?

Next

Violation of

Privacy

Health Risks

Public Safety

Impact on

Environment


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One type is

a modem

Networks and the Internet

What is a network?

p. 10

Enables a

connection

between

computers

Cables

Cellular

radio

Telephone

lines

Satellites

Next

Communications

Media

Communications

Device

Collection of computers and devices connected together,

often wirelessly


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What are the reasons to network?

p. 11 Next

Used to share

Resources

Hardware

devices Software

programs

Data

Saves

timeand

money

Information


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What is a server?

p. 11 Fig. 1-6 Next

Manages the

resources on

a network

Clients, or

workstations,

request resources

from the server


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What is the Internet?

p. 12 Fig. 1-7 Next

Worldwide collection of networks that connects

millions of businesses, government agencies, educational

institutions, and individuals

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Internetbelow Chapter 1


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p. 12 - 13 Fig. 1-8

Why do users access the Internet?

2. Research and Information

3. Shopping

4. Banking and Investing5. Classes

6. Entertainment

Next

1. Communications

7. Download Music

8. Share Information


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What is the Web?

p. 12 - 14

A Web site is

a collection of

related Web pages

A Web pagecontains

text, graphics, audio,video, and links to

other Web pages

You can share

information on a social

networking Web siteor

a photo sharing

community

Next

Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to

anyone connected to the Internet

A blog consists of time-stamped articles in

a journal format

A podcastis

recorded audio

stored on a Web site

that can be

downloaded

Click to viewWeb Link,click Chapter 1,Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Sharing Videosbelow Chapter 1


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Computer Software

How do you install a softwareprogram?

p. 14 Fig. 1-13 Next

A programis a series of instructions that tells the

computer what to do

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link

from left navigation,

then click Computer Programs

below Chapter 1
http://www.scsite.com/dc2005/


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Computer Software

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?


Allows you to

interact with the

software using

graphics and icons

Controls how you

enter data and how

the screen displays

information


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Computer Software

What issystem software?

p. 15-16

Operating System (OS)is a set of programs

that coordinates all

activities among

computer hardwaredevices

Utility Programsallow the user toperform maintenance-type tasks

usually related to managing a

computer, its devices or its programs

Next

Programs that control or maintain the operations of

the computer and its devices

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Link fromleft navigation, then clickWindows Vista below Chapter 1


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Computer Software

What isapplication software?


Presentation

Graphics

Spreadsheet

Database

WordProcessing

Programs that perform

specific tasks for users


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Computer Software

What is aprogrammer?


Someone who developsapplication or system software

Programmer writesthe instructions to

direct the computerto process data intoinformation

JavaScript

Web application


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Categories of Computers

p. 19 Next

What are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers

(desktop)

Mobile Computers and

Mobile Devices

Game Consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers


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Personal Computers

What are the two most popular styles of personal

computers?

p. 19 - 20 Figs. 1-15

1-16 Next

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Link from leftnavigation, then click PersonalComputers below Chapter 1

PC and compatibles

use the Windows

operating system

Apple Macintosh

usually uses the

Macintosh operatingsystem (Mac OS X)

P l C


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Personal Computers

What is adesktop computer?

p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15 Next

Designed so all of the components fit entirely on

or under a desk or table

M bil C d M bil D i


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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is anotebook computer?


Portable, small enough

to fit on your lap

Also called a laptop

computer

Usually more expensive

than a desktop computer

with equal capabilities

M bil C d M bil D i


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What is aTablet PC?


Especially useful for taking

notes

Resembles a letter-sized slate

Allows you to write on the

screen using a digital pen

M bil C d M bil D i


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What are mobile devices?

p. 21 - 22 Next

Internet-enabled

telephone is a

smart phone

Small enough to

carry in a pocket

M bil C d M bil D i


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What is ahandheld computer?


Used

by mobile

employees such as

meter readers and

delivery people

Small

enough to fit

in onehand

M bil C d M bil D i


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What is apersonal digital assistant(PDA)?


Provides personal organizer functions

Calendar

Appointment book

Address book

Calculator

Notepad

M bil C d M bil D i


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What aresmart phones?


Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet

Web-enabled telephone is a smart phone

G C l


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Game Consoles

What aregame consoles?


Mobile computing device designed for

single-player or multiplayer video games

S


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Servers

What types of servers are there?

p. 23 Figs. 1-23

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Mainframe Very powerful,

expensive computer that supports

thousands of connected users

Supercomputer The fastest, most

powerful, most expensive

computer. Used for applicationsrequiring complex mathematical

calculations

Next

Aservercontrols access to network

resources and provides centralized

storage

E b dd d C t


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Embedded Computers

What is an embedded computer?

A special-purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product


El t f I f ti S t


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Elements of an Information System

What are information system elements?


Hardware

Software

Data

People

Procedures

E mpl f C mp t r U


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Examples of Computer Usage

p. 25 Fig. 1-29

What are five categories

of computer users?

Next

E amples of Comp ter Usage


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What software is available for a home user?

p. 26 Fig. 1-28

Next

Personal finance

management

Web access

Communications

Entertainment



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p. 28 Fig. 1-30

Productivity

software

Specialty

software Web usage

E-mail

Next

What software is available for a small

office/home office(SOHO) user?



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Hardware Notebook computers

Tablet PCs

Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones


What is available for

a mobile user?

p. 29 Fig. 1-31

Software Word processing

Spreadsheet

Presentation graphicssoftware

Next



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What are the needs of a power user?


Speed and large amounts of storage

Types of power users

Engineers

Scientists

Architects

Desktop publishers

Graphic artists



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What are the needs of the large business user?

p. 30 Figs. 1-33 Next

Payroll

Inventory

E-commerce

Desktop

publishing

Computer Applications in Society


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Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples

of computer applications

in society?

p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36

1-43 Next

Education

Finance

Government Health Care

Science

Publishing

Travel Manufacturing

Click to view Web Link, clickChapter 1, Click Web Link fromleft navigation, then clickHandheld Navigation Devicesbelow Chapter 1

Summary of Introduction to Computers


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Summary of Introduction to Computers

Basic computer concepts

The term, computer

The components of a computer

The advantages and disadvantages ofusing computers

The purpose of a network

The uses of the Internet

Computer software

Categories of computers

Types of computer users

Computer applications in society

Lecture 1 Complete

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Lecture 1 - An Overview of Computers