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1Running head: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Professional Development Plan

Kim A. Karwowski

Ferris State University

2PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Abstract

The American Nurses Association (ANA, 2010) has established ten Standards of Professional

Nursing Practice. This professional development plan reviews these standards in relation to my

practice. I have identified areas that need improvement as well as portrayed the areas that meet

these standards. By reviewing my professional nursing behavior, I have established both five

and ten year goals along with an evaluation of those goals.


Professional Development Plan

Nursing offers the opportunity and the privilege to care for others. The future of nursing

offers ongoing possibilities to challenge and reward those fortunate enough to practice the art of

nursing. As Florence Nightingale said:

Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires an exclusive devotion as hard a

preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead

canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of

God's spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts, (as cited

in Finest Quotes website, n.d., para 1).

The American Nurses Association offers ten Standards of Professional Nursing Practice (ANA,

2010). The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice describe a knowledgeable level of

behavior in the professional role containing issues related to: ethics, education, evidence-based

practice and research, quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional

practice evaluation, resource utilization, and environmental health (ANA, p. 10-11). By

examining each of the standards throughout this professional development plan, I have been

afforded the opportunity to evaluate my professional goals verifying that I am also meeting the

expectations of the professional nurse.

Standards of Professional Performance

Standard 7: Ethics

ANA states, “The registered nurse practices ethically,” (p. 47). This standard discusses

the expectations required of the practicing nurse to “deliver care to the patient in a manner that

preserves and protects healthcare consumer autonomy, dignity, rights, values, and beliefs,”

(ANA, p 47). It further discusses the inclusion of the consumer and their family in healthcare


decisions and views each as important team members. Each team member may require

additional education to encourage informed decision-making (ANA, p.47). Registered nurses are

to vocalize concerns regarding the safety, the quality improvement, and the patient advocacy

required to administer effective and ethical healthcare. ANA states the registered nurse, along

with maintaining confidentiality, “maintains a therapeutic and professional healthcare consumer-

nurse relationship within appropriate professional role boundaries,” (p. 47). This statement has

the most impact on my ethical professional practice.

I encounter difficult situations each time I work. I am a nurse on a cardiovascular unit

that currently cares for patients after operations that assist the workings of a patient’s heart, for

instance, the left, right, or bi-ventricular assist devices. As of November 2010, we began caring

for the post-heart transplant patient. Extensive training was required in preparation for these

patients, which also included a presentation from an ethics officer. These patients are on our unit

for lengthy yet unspecified amounts of time; they also may experience frequent re-admissions. I

have seen great outcomes and other outcomes that were more challenging, in regard to patient

status, family dynamics, and psychosocial effects. The difficulty I encounter in healthcare at

times is answering the question, “Just because we can, should we?” In being aware of my own

feelings, and acting in accordance with an ethical decision-making model, as I was exposed to in

this course, I can assure I am collaborating effectively for the best outcome for each situation I

encounter.

Standard 8: Education

ANA states, “The registered nurse attains knowledge and competence that reflects current

nursing practice,” (p. 49). This standard addresses the continuing educational requirements for


the professional nurse regarding both formal and independent informal education in practice and

theory. The ANA discusses the description for the registered nurse who “acquires knowledge

and skills appropriate to the role, population, specialty, setting, role, or situation,” (p. 49).

Educational standards are specified to promote the pairing of the continually changing

environment of healthcare with the practitioner of nursing. By maintaining high expectations for

continued education, the registered nurse is in the best position to adequately, appropriately, and

effectively care for their patient population.

I seek learning opportunities within my unit regarding new procedures, medications, and

treatment plans. I collaborate with my colleagues to promote educational standards. I encourage

novice nurses to engage in unfamiliar tasks. I try to attend the majority of both staff and shared

leadership meetings to remain current with changes and to encourage changes as necessary. In

addition and in accordance with required continuing education credits, I attend a cardiovascular

conference each February and attend educational offerings through my employer. My employer

offers annual competency skill fairs and ongoing on-line teaching to stay current with best

practice. I have been certified for Basic Life Support (BLS) for fifteen years, and I have held my

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) for five years. I read nursing journals and articles

specific to my practice specialty. I am pursuing my Bachelor’s in Nursing (BSN). In the two

semesters I have attended, I have been fortunate to acquire skills that easily incorporate into my

practice. I find I am improving my communication style and knowledge base. I plan to attend

classes offered through my employer in preparation of becoming certified in progressive care. I

will also attend classes offered to maintain the equipment and safety of our device-assisted heart

patients. I will attempt to increase my attendance at meetings and join the shared leadership

committee.


Standard 9: Evidence-Based Practice and Research

ANA states, “The registered nurse integrates evidence and research findings into

practice,” (p.51). This standard addresses the expectation regarding incorporating evidence-

based knowledge along with the supporting research into practice. In addition to incorporating

findings into their own practice, the registered nurse shares findings with peers.

A significant amount of my practice has been influenced by formal and informal

evidence-based research. The inclusion may be as simple as proper pillow placement found to

be the most comfortable for the majority of my post-operative patients or as complex as plan of

care protocols. Our unit has been using silver impregnated dressings to promote optimal healing

of sternal incisions, which has significantly reduced our rates for sternal wound infections. In

caring for our initial post-operative open heart patients we use a computer program to guide us in

the titrating of insulin based on blood sugar level samples. The insulin along with a dextrose-

containing solution has proven to maintain blood sugar levels post-operatively to promote

healing and reduce stress-induced hyperglycemia. Personally, I worked with a pharmacist in

formulating a treatment plan for a painful post-open heart patient who had hiccups. He was

neurologically unstable to receive additional narcotics, but the ongoing hiccups were increasing

his pain level. The pharmacist was able to provide me with the research for treating the hiccups

with metoclopramide, although stated she did not know if it worked in practice. I already had an

order for this med; I followed the recommendations of 5 mg with an additional 5 mg after an

hour. It was successful and I have offered this with great results to other patients as necessary. I

enjoy incorporating evidence-based research into my practice. I appreciated the tools presented

in this course, such as the elements of reasoning. I was able to explore the research of

acetaminophen dosing and incorporate the findings into my practice. I look forward to the


continued use of these tools, along with learning additional techniques to promote and present

evidence-based practice and research. By becoming more familiar with using research tools, I

hope to positively impact nursing practice for myself and for my colleagues.

Standard 10: Quality of Practice

ANA states, “The registered nurse contributes to quality nursing practice,” (p. 52). This

standard encompasses the various means in which the practicing nurse delivers safe, effective,

quality care to their patients. The keywords: analyzing, assessing, collecting, developing,

documenting, evaluating, formulating, identifying, implementing, and participating are each

discussed in this section as the guidelines necessary for insuring quality of practice (ANA, p. 52-

53).

I am continually relying on the information received by following each of these

inclusions. As a staff nurse, I appreciate the necessity of applying this standard to practice, by

myself and others. Quality measures and initiatives are the impetus to many of the actions taken

by my organization, my colleagues, and myself. We are a magnet hospital and are certified by

the Joint Commission. We currently implement a variety of safety measures in our professional

pursuit of high standards for the benefit of our patients and their families. Hand washing and

isolation procedures are among the initiatives performed by each staff member. We have

implemented fall prevention, care set protocols and policies, patient acuity scoring, computerized

orders and computerized charting as standards to best care for our patients. I have been

pleasantly surprised to discover the rationale behind many of these initiatives as I pursue my

degree. Previously, I simply followed the rules, and I admit to accepting the changes proposed

without fully understanding or lacking the desire to critically think how these changes came


about and why they should be supported. I am the most satisfied when I provide creative

solutions to problems. I foresee taking a more active role in promoting quality in my practice

and incorporating the ANA competency: “uses creativity and innovation to enhance nursing

care,” (p. 52).

Standard 11: Communication

ANA states, “The registered nurse communicates effectively in a variety of formats in all areas

of practice,” (p. 54). This standard encompasses a significant portion of the art of nursing, and

effective communication is a necessity in the practice of nursing. This standard covers the

specifics of assessing and using accurate communication skills between the nurse, the healthcare

consumers, the families, and the healthcare providers. It also further details the need to advocate

for the patient. Effective communication is essential in establishing the trust relationship

between the nurse and the patient, the nurse and the support staff, and the nurse and the

healthcare provider.

I enjoy communicating with others. I consistently attempt to match my communication

style to be the most effective for each patient and for each situation. As important as words are, I

try to pay careful attention to the nonverbal communication presented by others. I find if I am

aware of all the nuances of communication, I can best match the requirements for each

interaction. My employer required nurses, nurse technicians, doctors, and unit secretaries to

attend training on relationship based care principles, or RBC. This has proven to be a beneficial

tool in my interactions with others. It has helped to hone my communication skills in regards to

delegating, inquiring, collaborating, and conflict resolution. We have also incorporated

communication techniques such as Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation


(SBAR); I use this format in discussing concerns with healthcare providers and colleagues. The

read back of proposed verbal orders incorporates safety as well as promoting effective

communication. This course offered many practical and helpful communication techniques and I

will continue to reference them in the future. I thoroughly enjoyed Chapter 9, “Communication

and Collaboration in Nursing,” found in the course textbook by Chitty & Black (2011). I will

always thrive in the communication aspects of my practice, as I love to talk, but I remind myself

often to balance this with listening.

Standard 12: Leadership

ANA states, “The registered nurse demonstrates leadership in the professional practice

setting and the profession,” (p.55). This standard discusses the delegation and accountability of

the nurse while overseeing the care provided by others, tracking the progression of outcomes,

mentoring peers, and communicating effectively (ANA, p. 55). Leadership is further defined in

this standard as the continuing of education, the lifelong learning, and the level of participation

expected of the professional nurse, (ANA, p. 55).

Leadership is an area of my practice that I feel is the weakest. In my attempt to not ask

for more than I am willing to do myself, I am subsequently harder on myself in regards to the

completion of tasks. This behavior can prove to be detrimental to the time constraints of my

shift. Additionally, I do not challenge myself enough regarding joining organizations, mentoring

colleagues, and influencing healthcare policy. The areas of leadership that I feel are my

strongest involve the treatment of my peers regarding trust, respect, and dignity (ANA, p. 55).

To that end, I also try to develop effective communication and conflict resolution between

coworkers, and myself if needed. I have held previous jobs in the service industry as both a bank


teller and a waitress. These positions have proven beneficial in my interaction with others as

they encouraged the business and the personal aspects I see in nursing. I plan to task myself to

join an organization, as detailed in my five year plan, and assume more of a leadership presence

on my unit, such as being a preceptor for new nurses.

Standard 13: Collaboration

ANA states, “The registered nurse collaborates with healthcare consumer, family, and

others in the conduct of nursing practice,” (p. 57). This standard focuses on the partnership

between the healthcare team, including the healthcare consumer. The terms communication,

cooperation, participation, and promotion are essential to effective collaboration.

I thrive in the teamwork atmosphere, as opposed to leadership; I feel collaboration is one

of the strongest areas in my nursing practice. I enjoy interacting and involving others in my

pursuit of the best scenario for patient outcomes. I effectively use a ‘Team Talk’ form present in

patient charts to express non-emergent concerns or suggestions for my patient to the healthcare

team. I engage my coworkers in my pursuit of knowledge and enjoy their perspectives, insights,

and suggestions. I ask for their input not only in regards to patient care, but also for time

management skills and areas to improve my practice. I appropriately contact the healthcare

provider as needed and strive to make effective use of the interaction. I rely on the collaborative

ability granted in the hospital setting, but I remind myself to not become complacent, at the

detriment of my independence and confidence in my nursing ability.

Standard 14: Professional Practice Evaluation

ANA states, “The registered nurse evaluates her or his own nursing practice in relation to

professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, rules, and regulations,” (p. 59).


This standard discusses the challenge to adequately evaluate the patient population, and assure

nursing practice matches those needs. The registered nurse appropriately uses self-evaluation,

reflection, and identification of areas of strength and weakness in order to continue to evolve as a

nursing professional.

My employer expects all staff to be trained to give age appropriate care and offers annual

competencies to verify those competencies. My patient population consists of those over the age

of eighteen. There are numerous generational approaches I use based on my patient’s

demographics; I feel adaptability is the key to effective nursing. My employer also implements

peer and self-evaluations to address areas of weakness and strength. As I pursue my BSN, I

appreciate the opportunity offered in my courses to reflect on my practice, my communication

style, and my perception of nursing. Assignments such as our reflecting journals, discussion

boards, and this professional development plan allow me to assess the areas requiring attention to

be an effective professional nurse. I am appreciative of the journey thus far and have been able

to see a positive change in my practice as my perspective widens to encompass the finer

intricacies of the nursing profession.

Standard 15: Resource Utilization

ANA states, “The registered nurse utilizes appropriate resources to plan and provide

nursing services that are safe, effective, and financially responsible,” (p. 60). This standard

addresses the need to be both fiscally and professionally accountable while performing nursing

tasks, including the appropriate use of supplies and staff.

The nation is in a state of economic crisis, and hospitals are not exempt from this

occurrence. I am fortunate to work in a hospital that has adequate supplies and for the most part


adequate staffing. My manager is newer to his position, and previously worked as a nurse in the

emergency room. He has attempted to raise the consciousness of the staff by providing us with

numbers to support using resources wisely. My patient population is varied and may or may not

have health insurance. By utilizing the appropriate resources, encouraging health promotion, and

rehabilitation, I try to facilitate the reduction in the cost of care. I encourage cost containment by

using fewer resources, such as using less linen and fewer supplies. I try to remain productive

and to work smart by combining tasks, being proactive, and helping colleagues. Tasks such as

effective pain management allow my patients to rehabilitate and participate in their care. I

prioritize offering pain medication to my patients in the morning, prior to shift change, to ensure

effectiveness for the activities of the day. I can improve upon resource utilization and will

continue to strive to attain this goal for myself and others; awareness and education will prove to

be the determining factor.

Standard 16: Environmental Health

ANA states, “The registered nurse practices in an environmentally safe and healthy

manner,” (p. 61). This standard discusses the need to promote and advocate for a safe

environment for the healthcare consumer, families, staff, and communities, (ANA, p. 61).

I facilitate this standard by being attentive to areas of concerns. Spills, debris, equipment,

tubing, and lighting can affect the healthcare environment and render it unsafe. I tidy rooms,

reduce tubing, move equipment, and especially since I work at night, I am aware of the light

present. At night, many of my patients’ complaints pertain to noises. The intravenous (IV)

pumps and monitor alarms seem to amplify at night. I have offered ear plugs to patients if they

seem bothered by the hospital noises. I have encouraged room changes based on the needs of my


patients. My employer offers annual training in regards to environmental safety and physical

safety of the caregiver. The employees are encouraged to use friction reducers, sit-to-stand

devices, or Hoyer lifts to move our patients as applicable and reduce the physical strain on our

bodies. While I say the employees are encouraged, often time constraints have those on my unit

using additional staff members to “boost” patients or assist them out of bed. My hospital unit

has bed and chair alarms to use for our fall risk patients as they may be incapable of navigating

through their room safely. By being conscientious of my surroundings, I can foster a safe and

healthy work environment.

Goals

Five Year Professional Development Goals

This assignment has afforded me the opportunity to consider the professional

development goals I hope to attain within five years. (Appendix A). Looking ahead, I will have

my long anticipated BSN. My plan is to continue to work at the Spectrum Health Meijer Heart

Center. I plan to stay on my unit; however, there has been talk of separating the unit into cardiac

and vascular. I am unsure at this time which specialty I would select, as I really enjoy the

variety. By completing my BSN I feel I will have a better understanding of the professional

nursing role and will be in a position to change roles within the organization. I will attend

classes pertaining to the equipment of the cardiac patient. I plan to join a nursing organization. I

will become more involved in my unit and increase my meeting attendance. My unit offers

multiple options for specialty educator positions; I will take on one of these roles. I additionally

plan to become certified in progressive care.


Ten Year Professional Development Goals

As a working, married, mother of three boys, it is difficult to formulate my professional

development goals for a ten year span. My situation leads more into the planning of my

children’s futures rather than my own. However, in planning for their future, I plan to start an

educational savings account, if the funds allow, I would be open to obtaining my Master of

Science Degree in Nursing (MSN). (Appendix A) I would continue with online courses as they

have proven to offer the most flexibility. I plan to continue nursing enrichment and fostering the

same in others in some capacity. My area of practice is ever-changing and I could see it leading

towards research opportunities.

Evaluation

I will achieve my BSN within the next three years. At the end of this term, I will have

nine courses remaining and plan to take three courses a year. I am progressing at a rate that

works for me and my family financially and professionally. I have the option of increasing my

course load but would rather spend this time with my family. I will pursue opportunities to

increase my presence on my unit and for my profession, again allowing for family time. I will

continue my education in some capacity as I enjoy reflecting and learning and interacting with

my peers.

My ten year plans are less concrete, therefore harder to visualize and evaluate. The MSN

degree from Ferris State University would require an additional twenty courses (Ferris State

University, n.d.). The bridge plan from my current program to the MSN program is not a viable

option at this time. I love bedside nursing, any future plans would revolve around the plan to


remain at the bedside in some capacity. I will reevaluate my plans as necessary, being mindful

of options and respectful of the potential and progression of nursing.

Conclusion

By reading and interpreting the American Nurses Association’s ten Standards of

Professional Nursing Practice (2010), I have been able to evaluate my professional performance.

Throughout this course and this assignment I have been able to identify my strengths and the

areas I can improve. I have been able to formulate realistic five and ten year goals and will use

them as a guide for my professional development. The definition of nursing according to the

American Nurses Association (2010):

Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention

of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of

human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and

populations, (p. 1)

Nursing has proven to be so much more for me than what is included in this definition. I love

nursing, I love the opportunity to help my patients, and I love the changing landscape of nursing.

Nursing is like a kaleidoscope, it cannot be seen the same way twice, it flows and adapts to meet

its surroundings; I want to do the same in my nursing career.


References

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2nd ed.)

Washington D.C: Author

Chitty, K.K., & Black, B.P. (2011). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges (6th ed.)

Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders

Ferris State University, (n.d.). Ferris Catalog. Retrieved from

http://catalog.ferris.edu/programs/445/

Finest quotes (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.finestquotes.com/author_quotes-author-

Florence%20Nightingale-page-0.htm


Appendix A

Five Year Goals Expected Completion CompletedObtain BSN December, 2015

Clinical Advancement Ladder: preceptor and unit specialty

educatorJanuary, 2014

Join Professional Organization December, 2012Progressive Care Certification August, 2013

Ten Year Goals Expected Completion CompletedEnroll in/complete MSN

programDecember, 2021

Manager or nurse educator position

December, 2020


CHECKLIST FOR SUBMITTING PAPERS

CHECKDATE, TIME, & INITIAL

PROOFREAD FOR: APA ISSUES

yes 1. Page Numbers: Did you number your pages using the automatic functions of your Word program? [p. 230 and example on p. 40)]

yes 2. Running head: Does the Running head: have a small “h”? Is it on every page? Is it less than 50 spaces total? Is the title of the Running head in all caps? Is it 1/2” from the top of your title page? (Should be a few words from the title of your paper). [p. 229 and example on p. 40]

yes 3. Abstract: Make sure your abstract begins on a new page. Is there a label of Abstract and it is centered at the top of the page? Is it a single paragraph? Is the paragraph flush with the margin without an indentation? Is your abstract a summary of your entire paper? Remember it is not an introduction to your paper. Someone should be able to read the abstract and know what to find in your paper. [p. 25 and example on p. 41]

yes 4. Introduction: Did you repeat the title of your paper on your first page of content? Do not use ‘Introduction’ as a heading following the title. The first paragraph clearly implies the introduction and no heading is needed. [p. 27 and example on p. 42]

yes 5. Margins: Did you leave 1” on all sides? [p. 229]yes 6. Double-spacing: Did you double-space throughout? No triple or extra spaces

between sections or paragraphs except in special circumstances. This includes the reference page. [p. 229 and example on p. 40-59]

yes 7. Line Length and Alignment: Did you use the flush-left style, and leave the right margin uneven, or ragged? [p. 229]

yes 8. Paragraphs and Indentation: Did you indent the first line of every paragraph? See P. 229 for exceptions.

yes 9. Spacing After Punctuation Marks: Did you space once at the end of separate parts of a reference and initials in a person’s name? Do not space after periods in abbreviations. Space twice after punctuation marks at the end of a sentence. [p. 87-88]

yes 10. Typeface: Did you use Times Roman 12-point font? [p. 228]yes 11. Abbreviation: Did you explain each abbreviation the first time you used it? [p.

106-111]yes 12. Plagiarism: Cite all sources! If you say something that is not your original idea,

it must be cited. You may be citing many times…this is what you are supposed to be doing! [p. 170]

yes 13. Direct Quote: A direct quote is exact words taken from another. An example with citation would look like this:“The variables that impact the etiology and the human response to various disease states will be explored” (Bell-Scriber, 2007, p. 1).Please note where the quotation marks are placed, where the final period is placed, no first name of author, and inclusion of page number, etc. Do all direct quotes look like this? [p. 170-172]


N/A 14. Quotes Over 40 Words: Did you make block quotes out of any direct quotes that are 40 words or longer? [p. 170-172]

yes 15. Paraphrase: A paraphrase citation would look like this:Patients respond to illnesses in various ways depending on a number of factors that will be explored (Bell-Scriber, 2007).It may also look like this: Bell-Scriber (2007) found that…… [p. 171 and multiple examples in text on p. 40-59]For multiple references within the same paragraph see page 174.

yes 16. Headings: Did you check your headings for proper levels? [p. 62-63].Yes 17. General Guidelines for References:

A. Did you start the References on a new page? [p. 37]B. Did you cut and paste references on your reference page? If so, check to make sure they are in correct APA format. Often they are not and must be adapted. Make sure all fonts are the same.C. Is your reference list double spaced with hanging indents? [p. 37]

PROOFREAD FOR GRAMMAR, SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, & STRUCTURE

yes 18. Did you follow the assignment rubric? Did you make headings that address each major section? (Required to point out where you addressed each section.)

yes 19. Watch for run-on or long, cumbersome sentences. Read it out loud without pausing unless punctuation is present. If you become breathless or it doesn’t make sense, you need to rephrase or break the sentence into 2 or more smaller sentences. Did you do this?

yes 20. Wordiness: check for the words “that”, and “the”. If not necessary, did you omit?

yes 21. Conversational tone: Don’t write as if you are talking to someone in a casual way. For example, “Well so I couldn’t believe nurses did such things!” or “I was in total shock over that.” Did you stay in a formal/professional tone?

yes 22. Avoid contractions. i.e. don’t, can’t, won’t, etc. Did you spell these out?yes 23. Did you check to make sure there are no hyphens and broken words in the right

margin?yes 24. Do not use “etc.” or "i.e." in formal writing unless in parenthesis. Did you check

for improper use of etc. & i.e.?yes 25. Stay in subject agreement. When referring to 1 nurse, don’t refer to the nurse as

“they” or “them”. Also, in referring to a human, don’t refer to the person as “that”, but rather “who”. For example: The nurse that gave the injection….” Should be “The nurse who gave the injection…” Did you check for subject agreement?

yes 26. Don’t refer to “us”, “we”, “our”, within the paper…this is not about you and me. Be clear in identifying. For example don’t say “Our profession uses empirical data to support ….” . Instead say “The nursing profession uses empirical data…..

yes 27. Did you check your sentences to make sure you did not end them with a preposition? For example, “I witnessed activities that I was not happy with.” Instead, “I witnessed activities with which I was not happy.”

yes 28. Did you run a Spellcheck? Did you proofread in addition to running the Spellcheck?


yes 29. Did you have other people read your paper? Did they find any areas confusing?yes 30. Did you include a summary or conclusion heading and section to wrap up your

paper?yes 31. Does your paper have sentence fragments? Do you have complete sentences?yes 32. Did you check apostrophes for correct possessive use? Don’t use apostrophes

unless it is showing possession and then be sure it is in the correct location. The exception is with the word it. It’s = it is. Its is possessive.

Signing below indicates you have proofread your paper for the errors in the checklist:

______NAME:__Kim Karwowski_____________________________DATE:__April 29, 2012_

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