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Jeffersonian Era
The text’s authors believed that the Louisiana Purchase was “the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president”. Do you agree? Why or why not?
Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Explain your choices
Election of 1800Burr
Republican candidates: Jefferson & Aaron Burr
Election of 1800
Tie vote Lame Duck Federalist House of Representatives36 ballots before Jefferson backed; Hamilton supported TJ over BurrLead to 12th Amendment (new rules for electing president and vice president)
The Finale of Federalists & Jefferson’s Restraint
Jefferson the Man
Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers
Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties
Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party
Death of Federalists
“halfway house between European past & American future”
Jefferson as President…
Alien & Sedition acts expired
Naturalization law of 1802 – 5 yrs
Congressional repeal of whisky tax
Cut back army & navy
Replaced some Federalist officeholders
Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801 (eliminating Adams’Midnight Judges)
Jefferson as President…
Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program
Kept many federalists in office
Continued isolationist policy
Used lose interpretation of Constitution when it suited him…
Federalist who served 34 years
Marbury v. Madison (1803) judicial review
John Marshall & Supreme Court
Barbary Pirates
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Importance of Mississippi River & New Orleans
Napoleon offers all of Louisiana Territory
Constitutional Problems with purchase
Lewis & Clark, Zebulon Pike expeditions
Meanwhile…The Napoleonic WarsMeanwhile…The Napoleonic Wars
1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars
Q 1806 1806 Berlin Decrees Berlin Decrees [“Continental [“Continental System”] System”]
Q 1806 1806 Britain issued the “Orders Britain issued the “Orders in in Council.” Council.”
Q 1807 1807 Milan Decrees Milan Decrees
Q 1808-1811 1808-1811 Britain impressed Britain impressed over over 6,000 American 6,000 American sailors. sailors.
Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France
Britain & France blockade each other
American ships make profits running blockades
British impress American sailors
Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)
2. Chesapeake-Leopard 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”“Affair”
2. Chesapeake-Leopard 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”“Affair”Q June 21, 1807.June 21, 1807.
Q Br. Captain fired on Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake.the USS Chesapeake.
Q 3 dead, 18 wounded.3 dead, 18 wounded.
Q Br. Foreign Office Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake.said it was a mistake.
Q Jefferson’s Response:Jefferson’s Response:
Forbade Br. ships to dock in Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.American ports.
Ordered state governors to call up Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.as much as 100,000 militiamen.
3. The Embargo Act 3. The Embargo Act (1807)(1807)
The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle
3. The Embargo Act 3. The Embargo Act (1807)(1807)
The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle
Embargo Act (1807-1809)
No US trade w/ foreign countries
Little effect on GB & France
Federalists, South, & West oppose
Non-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues no trade w/ GB, France
Madison & Drift to War
James Madison succeeds Jefferson
4. The Non-Intercourse 4. The Non-Intercourse Act Act (1809)(1809)
4. The Non-Intercourse 4. The Non-Intercourse Act Act (1809)(1809)
Q Replaced the Embargo Act.Replaced the Embargo Act.
Q Remained U. S. policy until 1812.Remained U. S. policy until 1812.
Q Unexpected ConsequencesUnexpected Consequences::
N. Eng. was forced to become self-N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories sufficient again [old factories reopened].reopened].
Laid the groundwork for US Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.industrial power.
Jefferson, a critic of an industrial Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!Hamilton’s view of the US!!!
Macon Bill No. 2: Madison dupe of Macon Bill No. 2: Madison dupe of NapoleonNapoleon
5. Br. Instigation of 5. Br. Instigation of IndiansIndians
5. Br. Instigation of 5. Br. Instigation of IndiansIndians
British General Brock Meets with TecumsehBritish General Brock Meets with TecumsehBritish General Brock Meets with TecumsehBritish General Brock Meets with Tecumseh
Madison & Drift to War
Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain– Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and
Henry Clay (KY)
Madison asks Congress to declare war in 1812
MadisonMadison
““War Hawks”War Hawks”““War Hawks”War Hawks”
Henry Clay [KY]Henry Clay [KY]Henry Clay [KY]Henry Clay [KY]
John C. Calhoun [SC]John C. Calhoun [SC]John C. Calhoun [SC]John C. Calhoun [SC]
Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812
Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812
““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”
American ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:The US was unprepared militarily:
Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’sHad a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.800 ships.
Americans disliked a draft Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.disorganized state militias.
Q Financially unprepared:Financially unprepared:
Flood of paper $.Flood of paper $.
Revenue from import tariffs Revenue from import tariffs declined.declined.
Q Regional disagreements.Regional disagreements.
War of 1812
OvervieOvervieww
of theof theWarWarofof
18121812
OvervieOvervieww
of theof theWarWarofof
18121812
3 U. S. Invasions of 3 U. S. Invasions of 18121812
3 U. S. Invasions of 3 U. S. Invasions of 18121812
Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813
Wartime Events (1812-1815)
US failure to conquer Canada
British counterattack from Canada thwarted
US privateers at first successful, but later beaten
Wartime Events (1812-1815)
Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)
Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,
18141814
Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,
18141814
Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key
Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,
That our flag was still That our flag was still there..there..
Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,
That our flag was still That our flag was still there..there..
Attack on Ft. Oswego, Attack on Ft. Oswego, 18141814
Attack on Ft. Oswego, Attack on Ft. Oswego, 18141814
Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – December, 1814 –
January, 1815January, 1815
Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – December, 1814 –
January, 1815January, 1815
Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814
Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814
Wartime Events (1812-1815)
Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans, becomes a national hero
The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815
The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815
The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815
The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815
Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns
Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns
Treaty of Ghent (1814)Status-quo…
No mention of impressments, but European war over so moot point
Results of War
Growth of American nationalism
Strengthening of isolationism
Increase in westward migration
Encouragement of US industry
Hartford Convention disappearance of Federalist Party
