Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Jeffersonian America (1800-1816)
Chapter 9
“Revolution of 1800”—Election of Thomas Jefferson
1. Disagreements about war with France
2. Alien & Sedition Acts
3. Increasing debts
4. Federalists were swept from the presidency & Congress.
5. Jefferson became 3rd presidency
6. Non-violent transfer of power from the Federalists to Democratic-Republicans
I. Louisiana Purchase
1. Contradicted his “strict constructionist” views.
2. 1802-Spanish revoked the right of deposit in New Orleans
3. Jefferson negotiates w/Napoleon
4. French offer Louisiana Territory $15 million.
Louisiana Purchase (cont’d)
Louisiana Purchase (cont’d)
5. Jefferson: “What about’strict constructionism’”?
6. If we didn’t buy it another country would!
7. Republican-held Congress quickly approved the purchase.
II. Lewis & Clark Expedition
1. Purchase doubles the U.S.
2. FR & SP removed as threats.
3. All water route connecting the Missouri River with the Pacific Ocean?
4. Meriwether Lewis & William Clark
5. 1804 St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean
6. 1806 They return; w/ detailed accounts
III. The Marshall Court
1. Judiciary Act of 1801- 16 new judgeships were created
1. “Midnight judges”
2. Jefferson was angry1. Orders Madison, Secretary of State, not to
deliver the commissions
2. “Midnight Judge” William Marbury sued.
Marbury vs. Madison
3. Chief Justice John Marshall, Jefferson’s cousin!
4. Marshall says Madison should have gave the commission to Marbury.
5. Marshall declared the Judiciary Act of 1789—unconstitutional.
The Marshall Court (cont’d)
6. Creates judicial review—it could check the powers of the leg. and ex. branches.
7. Jefferson wants to remove all remaining Federalists from the judicial branch
8. Impeaches some judges, but unsuccessful at removing them
IV. Jefferson’s Challenges
1. TJ re-elected 1804
2. 180412th Amendment: Electoral College will specify which vote was being cast for Pres. & which was for VP.
3. Aaron Burr
4. Essex Junto: Radical Federalists; wanted for a New England secession from the Union.
Jefferson’s Challenges (cont’d)
4. Burr vs. Hamilton duel1. Burr mortally wounds Hamilton
2. Murder charges dropped
5. 1806 Burr Conspiracy1. Create a new country-->get Mex. from
Spain, unite it with Louisiana Territory.
2. Burr aquitted
V. Troubles Abroad
1. Barbary Pirates: continued to seize U.S. ships
2. Pres. Wash. & Adams had paid a “fee”
3. Leader of Tripoli demanded more
4. Jefferson refused to pay any “fees”
5. Tripolitan Wars (1801-1805)1. U.S. Navy slowed the pirates down
2. Gained U.S. credibility overseas
Napoleonic War
6. British & French blocked each other’s ports
7. Orders of Council: Closed all ports under French control; any U.S. ship had to go through Britain, or be confiscated
8. 1807 Milan Decree: Seize any ship that 1st stopped in Britain
Chesapeake Affair
9. 1807 British ship Leopard sank U.S. ship Chesapeake; killing 4; impressing 4
10.Jefferson used diplomacy11.Embargo Act 1807
1. Prohibit U.S ships from anchoring at any foreign port
2. Plan to ruin Britain and France’s economybut ended up ruing the U.S.!!
12. Repealed the Embargo Act 1809
VI. Madison Plagued by European Affairs
1. 1808—Madison becomes President2. Non-Intercourse Act of 18093. Expired 1 yr. from its enactment4. Allowed U.S. trade with foreign nations
except Britain and France5. 1810: Macon’s Bill Number 26. Lift trade restrictions w/ Britain & France7. Only if they recognize U.S. neutrality!
8. Britain & France continued impressment & seizure of U.S. ships--pushing the U.S. to the brink of war
VII. “Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of 1812
1. Nationalism heightened
2. “War Hawks” like Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun
3. Eliminate British troubles at sea
4. Eliminate the threat of British armed Indians
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of 1812 (cont’d)
5. Battle of Tippecanoe
6. Prior to War of 1812, Gen. William Henry Harrison; wanted to break up the Shawnee brothers:
7. Tecumseh and the Prophet
8. Defeated The Indians; moved to conquer Canada
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of 1812 (cont’d)
9. June 1812, Congress declared war
10.Britain repealed the orders in council
11.Few Americans & congressmen in favor of “Mr. Madison’s War”
12. “Second war of Independence”
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of 1812 (cont’d)
13. Small, disappointing war for the U.S.1. Unprepared
2. Economy devastated
3. Poorly equipped
4. Under trained
5. Small standing army
6. “Mosquito Fleet”—small U.S. navy
7. U.S. invasion of Canada a debacle
“Mr. Madison’s War”—The War of 1812 (cont’d)
14.August 14, Washington D.C. burned to the ground!
15. Francis Scott Key-”Star Spangled Banner”
16.Gen. Andrew Jackson—led southern troops
17.Battle of New Orleans—impressive victory for the U.S……
18.The war was already over!!
VIII. Treaty of Ghent
1. Dec. 24, 1814
2. Ended fighting
3. Return of any conquered territories to their rightful owner
4. Settlement of a boundary between the U.S. & Canada that had been set before the war
5. Ended in a drawnobody gained
6. Allowed for manufacturing
7. U.S. became more independent from Europe
8. Start of a U.S. industrial revolution
IX. Ideology Divides the U.S.
1. Federalists vs. Republicans
2. New England vs. rest of the nation
3. Hartford Convention
4. Discuss:1. Fed. Gov. to pay for the loss of trade
2. Amending the Const. for a one-term limit for the pres.
3. 2/3 vote for: an embargo; declaration of war; admission of new states; end of the 3/5 compromise
4. Aimed at Republicans5. Jackson’s victory & the signing of the Treaty
of Ghent drowned them out6. Federalists were labeled “unpatriotic”7. “Nail in the coffin” for the Federalist party8. Routed by Rep. James Monroe in the 1816
Presidential election.
