Upload
nai-ian
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
1/41
Introduction toSystem Development
Environment
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
2/41
Introduction
Earlier applications
Keeping recordsof transactions
Airline Reservations Keeping recordsof Stock
Information Systems
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
3/41
Information Systems
Introduction
Production HRM - Training Telephone Integration
Computers are now becoming part of virtuallyevery activity in organization
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
4/41
Information SystemInformation System
It is an arrangement of
People ProcessInterface Data Technology
Improve day to day operations
problem solving and decision making
Network
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
5/41
Information SystemInformation Technology
It is an arrangement of
Computer Technology
Hardware & SoftwareTelecommunication
Data, image, voice
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
6/41
StakeholderIs any person who has an interest in aninformation system.
Systems Design Environment
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
7/41
Systems Design Environment Stakeholders cont..
Use the system toperform or support the
work to be completed.
System Usersor Clients
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
8/41
Systems Design Environment
Stakeholders cont..
System Owner
Owns the system.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
9/41
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
10/41
Systems Design Environment
Stakeholders cont..
System Designer
Design the computer files,databases, inputs,outputs, screens,networks, and programs
that will meet the systemusers requirements.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
11/41
Systems Design Environment
Stakeholders cont..
System Builders
Construct, test and deliverthe Information System
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
12/41
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
13/41
Systems Design Environment
Stakeholders cont..
Systems Analysts
Bridge the communication
gap that exists betweennon technical andtechnical people involvedwith building systems.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
14/41
Systems Design Environment
Stakeholders cont..
Systems Analysts
- Identify the problem
- Analyze and understand theproblem- Identify the solution
requirements- Identify alternative solutions- Design and implement the
best solution
- Evaluate the result
What does a systems analystdo?
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
15/41
Systems Design Environment
Stakeholders cont..
Vendors
Consultants
Sell Hardware, Software, and servicesto business
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
16/41
Information System Development Teams usually consistsof the these 6 Stakeholders
Systems Design Environment
System User
System Designer
VendorsSystem Builders
System Analysts Consultants
System Owner
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
17/41
Outsourcing
Contracting with an outside vendor to assumeresponsibility
Systems Design Environment
In house developer Out side vendors
Less costly
Value added
T e c h
n o l o
g y
S o u
r c e
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
18/41
Systems Design Environment
Legacy systems
Old Information System Applications
Use Old or OutdatedTechnologies that were popularat the time.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
19/41
Systems Design Environment
Legacy systems cont.
Converted to satisfy
new environments
Oldtechnology
New
technology
Support old businessrequirements
Support newbusiness requirements
Oldstandard
Newstandard
Newfunctionality
Old system
Y2K?
Euro?
New system
Y2K free
Euro
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
20/41
Systems Design Environment
Legacy systems cont.
Many complex legacy systems yet to beupgraded to new technologies because of Cost,
Skills and People required
Force to change to reflect new or changing
business requirements. Year 2000 problem (Y2K) Euro conversion
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
21/41
Systems Design Environment
Legacy systems cont.
Y2K problem Many computers and applications storeddate with only 2 digits.
(e.g. 99 =1999) Problems : when the millennium changed
(e.g. 03=2003)
Born in 1978Age? -75, 0, 75
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
22/41
Types of Information SystemsTransaction Process
System (TPS)Management Information
System (MIS)Decision Support System
(DSS)Expert System (ES)
Office Automation andWork Group SystemCentralized SystemsDistributed Systems
Client Server SystemsNetwork Computing System
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
23/41
Types of Information SystemTransaction Process Systems (TPS)Information systems that capture and process data about businesstransactions
Examples
AirlineReservations
Retailpoint of sale
Bank deposit andwithdrawal
BIT @UCSC CourseRegistration
Transaction
-----------------
----------------------------
Information
C a p t
u r e
D a t a
P r o c
e s s
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
24/41
Types of Information SystemManagement Information System (MIS)MIS is an information system application that provides for managementoriented reporting.
Examples
Inventory reportingProduction scheduling Sales forecast
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
25/41
Types of Information SystemManagement Information System (MIS) cont..
Normally produced from a shared database.
Information
Summeryinformation Detail information
Exceptioninformation
MIS
Produces
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
26/41
Types of Information SystemDecision Support System (DSS) Provides its user with decision-oriented information whenever
decision making situation arises. Sometimes called executive information system .
Executes at workWith DSS
Types of Support
Identification of problemsor decision makingopportunities
Identification of possible
solutions and decisionsaccess to informationneeded to solve a
problem or make adecision
Analysis of possibledecision that willaffect the decision
Simulation ofpossible solutionsand their likelyresults.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
27/41
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
28/41
Types of Information SystemExpert System (ES)-- An expert system is a programmed decision making information
system.-- It capture s and reproduces the knowledge and expertise of a decision
maker and-- Simulates the thinking of the expert.
I am a computer,
sorry no. NoI am a human Artificial Intelligen ce (AI)Technology that captures,stores, and provides accessto the reasoning of theexperts.
Implemented with
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
29/41
Types of Information SystemOffice Automation Systems-- Support wide range of business office activities-- Provide facilities for improved work flow and communication between workers
-- Workers may not be located in the same office.
f a c s i m
l e
E - M a i l
i g a m I n g E l e
c t r o n i c d
o c u m e n
t
W o r k g r o u p
c o m p u t i
n g
W o r k g r o u p s
c h e d u l i
n g
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
30/41
Types of Information SystemOffice Automation Systems
Designed to support--- Individuals--- Workgroups Personal Information Systems
- for a single user
Work group Information Systems- for a work group
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
31/41
Centralized Systems
User
I have allsystem data
I am doing allprocessing
Provideinterfaces
Databases
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
32/41
Distributed Systems
1. Client Server SystemsSolutions are distributed between client PCs and one or more servers.
AccountsSales
Design
Construction
-- Components of an information system-- Processing workload required to
support the components
Distributedto multiplelocations
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
33/41
Distributed Systems
Client Server Systems cont..
Clients may be thin or fat
Acts only asa terminal
Almost all PCs
e.g. Windows terminal
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
34/41
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
35/41
Processing Types1. Batch Processing
The data entered is collected
into files called batches. Eachfile is processed as a batch ofmany transactions.
Super market-Batch processing
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
36/41
Processing Types2. Online Processing
ATM-Real time processing
The captured data is processedimmediately.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
37/41
Development Process
Tools
Methods
Most EffectiveWay ofBuilding
Methodologies have a predefined set of steps, and a Collection of toolsused to design a system
It ensures that systems are built in the most effective way.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
38/41
Development Processcont.
Methodologies provide the organizersframework for systems development.
Defines :
The stages into which the development will bebroken The tasks to be performed.
The deliverables from these tasks Standards to be used Quality checks to be applied .
Etc.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
39/41
Development Process cont.Modeling Methods or Techniques Techniques used to implement the Methodology.
Provides the descriptions of the business systemrequirements from various view points.
E.g. Data Flow Diagrams, Entity Relationship DiagramsUse Case Diagrams etc.
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
40/41
Development Process cont.
Software systems that assists analysts and
designer to build computer based informationsystem.
Tools
8/10/2019 IT1402a Editted
41/41
Development Process cont.
General Aim :
Decrease the human effort required to developsoftware.and/or increase the quality of software
Tools